SPSS術語中英文對照詳解

1、【常用軟件】 spss 術語中英文對照菜單file文件edit編輯view視圖data 數據transform轉換analyze分析graphs統計圖utilities自定義菜單項（下拉菜單）new新文件undo撤銷statusbar狀態(tài)條definedates定義日期compute通過計算建立新變量reports數據報告gallery圖庫variables變量open打開redo重復toolbars工具條insertvariable插入變量randomnumberseed產生隨機數descriptivestatistics描述性統計interactive交互式的file info文件信息op

2、endatabase打開數據庫cut剪切fonts字體insert case插入樣品count計數comparemeans比較均值bar條形圖definesets定義變量集datacapture獲取數據copy復制grid lines格線go to case定位樣品recode再編碼generallinear model一般線性模型line線圖use sets使用變量集read textdata讀取文本數據paste粘貼valuelabels值標簽sort cases樣品排序categorizevariables將變量類別化correlate相關area面積圖runscript運行腳本save

3、保存pastevariable粘貼變量名transpose行列轉置rank cases求樣品的秩regression回歸pie餅圖menueditor菜單編輯器saveas另存為clear清除mergefiles合并文件automaticrecode自動編碼loglinear對數線性high-low高低圖displaydata info顯示數據信息find尋找aggregate匯總createtimeseries創(chuàng)建時間序列classify聚類與判別pareto帕雷托圖apply datadictionaryoptionsplit filereplacemissingvaluesdatared

4、uctioncontrol應用數據選項分割文件替換缺失簡化數據控制圖字典值spss 的統計分析過程均包含在analysis 菜單中。我們只學以下兩大分析過程：descriptive statistics（描述性統計）和multiple response （多選項分析）。descriptivestatistics（描述性統計）包含的分析功能：1frequencies過程：主要用于統計指定變量各變量值的頻次（frequency ）、百分比（ percent ）。2descriptives過程：主要用于計算指定變量的均值（mean）、標準差（std.deviation）。3 crosstabs 過程

5、：主要用于兩個或兩個以上變量的交叉分類。multiple response （多選項分析）的分析功能：1define set過程：該過程定義一個由多選項組成的多響應變量。2frequencies 過程：該過程對定義的多響應變量提供一個頻數表。3crosstabs 過程：該過程提供所定義的多響應變量與其他變量的交叉分類表。absolute deviation, 絕對離差absolute number, 絕對數print打印selectcases選擇樣品scale測量分析box plot箱圖printpreview打印預覽weightcases給樣品加權nonparametrictests非參數檢

6、驗error bar誤差圖exit退出survival生存分析scatter散點圖multipleresponse 多選項分析histogram直方圖absolute residuals, 絕對殘差acceleration array, 加速度立體陣acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度acceleration normal, 法向加速度acceleration space dimension, 加速度空間的維數acceleration tangential,切向加速度acceleration vector, 加速度向量accepta

7、ble hypothesis, 可接受假設accumulation,累積accuracy, 準確度actual frequency,實際頻數adaptive estimator, 自適應估計量addition, 相加addition theorem, 加法定理additivity, 可加性adjusted rate, 調整率adjusted value, 校正值admissible error, 容許誤差aggregation,聚集性alternative hypothesis, 備擇假設among groups, 組間amounts, 總量analysis of correlation, 相

8、關分析analysis of covariance,協方差分析analysis of regression,回歸分析analysis of time series, 時間序列分析analysis of variance, 方差分析angular transformation,角轉換anova （analysis of variance ）, 方差分析anova models, 方差分析模型arcing, 弧/弧旋arcsine transformation,反正弦變換area under the curve, 曲線面積areg , 評估從一個時 間點到下一個時間點回歸相關時的誤差arima,

9、季節(jié)和非季節(jié)性單變量模型的極大似然估計arithmetic grid paper, 算術格紙arithmetic mean,算術平均數arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯關系assessing fit, 擬合的評估associative laws, 結合律asymmetric distribution, 非對稱分布asymptotic bias, 漸近偏倚asymptotic efficiency, 漸近效率asymptotic variance, 漸近方差attributable risk, 歸因危險度attribute data, 屬性資料attribution, 屬性auto

10、correlation,自相關autocorrelation of residuals,殘差的自相關average, 平均數average confidence interval length, 平均置信區(qū)間長度average growth rate, 平均增長率bar chart, 條形圖bar graph, 條形圖base period, 基期bayes theorem , bayes 定理bell-shaped curve, 鐘形曲線bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布best-trim estimator,最好切尾估計量bias, 偏性binary logisti

11、c regression,二元邏輯斯蒂回歸binomial distribution, 二項分布bisquare, 雙平方bivariate correlate,二變量相關bivariate normal distribution, 雙變量正態(tài)分布bivariate normal population,雙變量正態(tài)總體biweight interval, 雙權區(qū)間biweight m-estimator,雙權 m 估計量block, 區(qū)組/配伍組bmdp(biomedicalcomputer programs),bmdp 統計軟件包boxplots, 箱線圖 /箱尾圖breakdown boun

12、d, 崩潰界 /崩潰點canonical correlation, 典型相關caption, 縱標目case-control study, 病例對照研究categorical variable, 分類變量catenary, 懸鏈線cauchy distribution, 柯西分布cause-and-effectrelationship, 因果關系cell, 單元censoring, 終檢center of symmetry,對稱中心centering and scaling, 中心化和定標central tendency, 集中趨勢central value, 中心值chaid -2 auto

13、matic interaction detector, 卡方自動交互檢測chance, 機遇chance error, 隨機誤差chance variable, 隨機變量characteristic equation,特征方程characteristic root, 特征根characteristic vector, 特征向量chebshev criterion of fit, 擬合的切比雪夫準則chernoff faces, 切爾諾夫臉譜圖chi-square test, 卡方檢驗 /2 檢驗choleskey decomposition,喬洛斯基分解circle chart, 圓圖clas

14、s interval, 組距class mid-value, 組中值class upper limit, 組上限classified variable, 分類變量cluster analysis, 聚類分析cluster sampling, 整群抽樣code, 代碼coded data, 編碼數據coding, 編碼coefficient of contingency,列聯系數coefficient of determination,決定系數coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相關系數coefficient of partial correlation

15、, 偏相關系數coefficient of production-momentcorrelation, 積差相關系數coefficient of rank correlation, 等級相關系數coefficient of regression, 回歸系數coefficient of skewness, 偏度系數coefficient of variation, 變異系數cohort study, 隊列研究column, 列column effect, 列效應column factor, 列因素combination pool, 合并combinative table, 組合表common f

16、actor, 共性因子common regression coefficient, 公共回歸系數common value, 共同值common variance, 公共方差common variation, 公共變異communality variance,共性方差comparability,可比性comparison of bathes, 批比較comparison value, 比較值compartment model, 分部模型compassion, 伸縮complement of an event, 補事件complete association,完全正相關complete disso

17、ciation,完全不相關complete statistics, 完備統計量completely randomized design, 完全隨機化設計composite event, 聯合事件composite events, 復合事件concavity, 凹性conditional expectation,條件期望conditional likelihood, 條件似然conditional probability, 條件概率conditionally linear, 依條件線性confidence interval, 置信區(qū)間confidence limit, 置信限confidence

18、 lower limit, 置信下限confidence upper limit, 置信上限confirmatory factor analysis , 驗證性因子分析confirmatory research, 證實性實驗研究confounding factor, 混雜因素conjoint, 聯合分析consistency, 相合性consistency check, 一致性檢驗consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合漸近正態(tài)估計consistent estimate, 相合估計constrained nonlinear regression

19、,受約束非線性回歸constraint,約束contaminated distribution, 污染分布contaminated gausssian, 污染高斯分 布contaminated normal distribution, 污染正態(tài)分布contamination,污染contamination model, 污染模型contingency table, 列聯表contour, 邊界線contribution rate, 貢獻率control, 對照controlled experiments,對照實驗conventional depth, 常規(guī)深度convolution, 卷積co

20、rrected factor, 校正因子corrected mean, 校正均值correction coefficient, 校正系數correctness, 正確性correlation coefficient, 相關系數correlation index, 相關指數correspondence, 對應counting, 計數counts, 計數/頻數covariance, 協方差covariant, 共變cox regression, cox 回歸criteria for fitting, 擬合準則criteria of least squares, 最小二乘準則critical rat

21、io, 臨界比critical region, 拒絕域critical value, 臨界值cross-over design, 交叉設計cross-section analysis, 橫斷面分析cross-section survey, 橫斷面調查crosstabs , 交叉表cross-tabulation table, 復合表cube root, 立方根cumulativedistribution function, 分布函數 cumulativeprobability, 累計概率curvature, 曲率/彎曲curvature, 曲率curve fit , 曲線擬和curve fit

22、ting, 曲線擬合curvilinear regression, 曲線回歸curvilinear relation, 曲線關系cut-and-try method,嘗試法cycle, 周期cyclist, 周期性c test, d 檢驗data acquisition,資料收集data bank, 數據庫data capacity, 數據容量data deficiencies,數據缺乏data handling, 數據處理data manipulation,數據處理data processing, 數據處理data reduction,數據縮減data set, 數據集data source

23、s, 數據來源data transformation,數據變換data validity, 數據有效性data-in, 數據輸入data-out, 數據輸出dead time, 停滯期degree of freedom, 自由度degree of precision, 精密度degree of reliability, 可靠性程度degression, 遞減density function,密度函數density of data points, 數據點的密度dependent variable, 應變量 /依變量/因變量dependent variable, 因變量depth, 深度deriv

24、ative matrix, 導數矩陣derivative-free methods,無導數方法design, 設計determinacy, 確定性determinant,行列式determinant,決定因素deviation, 離差deviation from average, 離均差diagnostic plot, 診斷圖dichotomous variable, 二分變量differential equation, 微分方程direct standardization,直接標準化法discrete variable, 離散型變量discriminant,判斷discriminant an

25、alysis, 判別分析discriminant coefficient, 判別系數discriminant function, 判別值dispersion, 散布/分散度disproportional,不成比例的disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次級組含量distribution free, 分布無關性 /免分布distribution shape, 分布形狀distribution-freemethod, 任意分布法distributive laws, 分配律disturbance, 隨機擾動項dose responsecurve, 劑量反應曲

26、線double blind method, 雙盲法double blind trial, 雙盲試驗double exponential distribution, 雙指數分布double logarithmic,雙對數downward rank, 降秩dual-space plot, 對偶空間圖dud, 無導數方法duncans new multiple range method, 新復極差法 /duncan 新法effect, 實驗效應eigenvalue, 特征值eigenvector,特征向量ellipse, 橢圓empirical distribution, 經驗分布empirical

27、 probability, 經驗概率單位enumeration data, 計數資料equal sun-classnumber, 相等次級組含量equally likely, 等可能equivariance, 同變性error, 誤差/錯誤error of estimate, 估計誤差error type i, 第一類錯誤error type ii, 第二類錯誤estimand,被估量estimated error mean squares, 估計誤差均方estimated error sum of squares,估計誤差平方和euclidean distance, 歐式距離event, 事

28、件event, 事件exceptional data point, 異常數據點expectation plane, 期望平面expectation surface, 期望曲面expected values, 期望值experiment,實驗experimental sampling, 試驗抽樣experimental unit, 試驗單位explanatory variable, 說明變量exploratory data analysis,探索性數據分析explore summarize,探索-摘要exponential curve, 指數曲線exponentialgrowth, 指數式增長e

29、xsmooth,指數平滑方法extended fit, 擴充擬合extra parameter,附加參數extrapolation,外推法extreme observation,末端觀測值extremes,極端值 /極值e distribution, f 分布f test, f 檢驗factor, 因素/因子factor analysis, 因子分析factor analysis,因子分析factor score, 因子得分factorial, 階乘factorial design, 析因試驗設計false negative, 假陰性false negative error, 假陰性錯誤fam

30、ily of distributions, 分布族family of estimators,估計量族fanning, 扇面fatality rate, 病死率field investigation,現場調查field survey, 現場調查finite population,有限總體finite-sample,有限樣本first derivative, 一階導數first principal component,第一主成分first quartile, 第一四分位數fisher information,費雪信息量fitted value, 擬合值fitting a curve, 曲線擬合fi

31、xed base, 定基fluctuation,隨機起伏forecast, 預測four fold table, 四格表fourth, 四分點fraction blow, 左側比率fractional error, 相對誤差frequency, 頻率frequency polygon, 頻數多邊圖frontier point, 界限點function relationship, 泛函關系gamma distribution, 伽瑪分布gauss increment,高斯增量gaussian distribution, 高斯分布 /正態(tài)分布gauss-newton increment,高斯-牛頓

32、增量general census, 全面普查genlog (generalized liner models), 廣義線性模型geometric mean, 幾何平均數gini s mean difference, 基尼均差glm (general liner models), 一般線性模型goodness of fit, 擬和優(yōu)度 /配合度gradient of determinant,行列式的梯度graeco-latin square, 希臘拉丁方grand mean, 總均值gross errors, 重大錯誤gross-error sensitivity,大錯敏感度group aver

33、ages, 分組平均grouped data, 分組資料guessed mean, 假定平均數half-life, 半衰期hampel m-estimators,漢佩爾 m 估計量happenstance, 偶然事件harmonic mean, 調和均數hazard function, 風險均數hazard rate, 風險率heading, 標目heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布hessian array, 海森立體陣heterogeneity,不同質heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齊hierarchical classificatio

34、n, 組內分組hierarchical clustering method, 系統聚類法high-leverage point, 高杠桿率點hiloglinear,多維列聯表的層次對數線性模型hinge, 折葉點histogram, 直方圖historical cohort study, 歷史性隊列研究holes, 空洞homals,多重響應分析homogeneity of variance, 方差齊性homogeneity test, 齊性檢驗huber m-estimators,休伯 m 估計量hyperbola, 雙曲線hypothesis testing, 假設檢驗hypothetic

35、al universe,假設總體impossible event, 不可能事件independence,獨立性independent variable, 自變量index, 指標/指數indirect standardization,間接標準化法individual, 個體inference band, 推斷帶infinite population,無限總體infinitely great, 無窮大infinitely small,無窮小influence curve, 影響曲線information capacity,信息容量initial condition, 初始條件initial es

36、timate, 初始估計值initial level, 最初水平interaction, 交互作用interaction terms, 交互作用項intercept, 截距interpolation, 內插法interquartile range, 四分位距interval estimation,區(qū)間估計intervals of equal probability, 等概率區(qū)間intrinsic curvature,固有曲率invariance, 不變性inverse matrix, 逆矩陣inverse probability, 逆概率inverse sine transformation,

37、反正弦變換iteration, 迭代jacobian determinant,雅可比行列式joint distributionfunction, 分布函數joint probability, 聯合概率joint probability distribution, 聯合概率分布j means method, 逐步聚類法kaplan-meier, 評估事件的時 間長度kaplan-merier chart, kaplan-merier 圖kendall s rank correlation, kendall 等級相關kinetic, 動力學kolmogorov-smirnovetest, 柯爾莫哥

38、洛夫 -斯米爾諾夫檢驗kruskal and wallis test, kruskal 及 wallis 檢驗/多樣本的秩和檢驗 /h 檢驗kurtosis, 峰度lack of fit, 失擬ladder of powers, 冪階梯lag, 滯后large sample, 大樣本large sample test, 大樣本檢驗latin square, 拉丁方latin square design, 拉丁方設計leakage, 泄漏least favorable configuration,最不利構形least favorable distribution, 最不利分布least sign

39、ificantdifference,最小顯著差法least square method, 最小二乘法least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小絕對殘差估計least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小絕對殘差擬合least-absolute-residuals line, 最小絕對殘差線legend, 圖例l-estimator, l 估計量l-estimator of location, 位置 l 估計量l-estimator of scale, 尺度 l 估計量level, 水平life expectance,預期期望壽命life tab

40、le, 壽命表life table method, 生命表法light-tailed distribution, 輕尾分布likelihood function, 似然函數likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 線圖linear correlation, 直線相關linear equation, 線性方程linear programming, 線性規(guī)劃linear regression, 直線回歸linear regression, 線性回歸linear trend, 線性趨勢loading, 載荷location and scale equivariance,位置尺

41、度同變性location equivariance,位置同變性location invariance, 位置不變 性location scale family, 位置尺度族log rank test, 時序檢驗logarithmic curve, 對數曲線logarithmic normal distribution, 對數正態(tài)分布logarithmic scale, 對數尺度logarithmic transformation,對數變換logic check, 邏輯檢查logistic distribution, 邏輯斯特分布logit transformation, logit 轉換log

42、linear,多維列聯表通用模型lognormal distribution, 對數正態(tài)分布lost function, 損失函數low correlation, 低度相關lower limit, 下限lowest-attained variance, 最小可達方差lsd, 最小顯著差法的簡稱lurking variable, 潛在變量main effect, 主效應major heading, 主辭標目marginal density function,邊緣密度函數marginal probability, 邊緣概率marginal probabilitydistribution, 邊緣概率

43、分布matched data, 配對資料matched distribution, 匹配過分布matching of distribution, 分布的匹配matching of transformation,變換的匹配mathematical expectation, 數學期望mathematical model, 數學模型maximuml-estimator,極大極小 l 估計量 maximumlikelihood method, 最大似然法mean, 均數mean squares between groups, 組間均方mean squares within group, 組內均方mea

44、ns (comparemeans), 均值-均值比較median, 中位數median effectivedose, 半數效量median lethal dose, 半數致死量median polish, 中位數平滑median test, 中位數檢驗minimal sufficientstatistic, 最小充分統計量minimum distance estimation,最小距離估計minimum effective dose, 最小有效量minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量minimumvariance estimator, 最小方差估計量minitab,統計軟件包mi

45、nor heading, 賓詞標目missing data, 缺失值model specification, 模型的確定modeling statistics, 模型統計models for outliers, 離群值模型modifying the model, 模型的修正modulus of continuity, 連續(xù)性模morbidity, 發(fā)病率most favorable configuration,最有利構形multidimensional scaling (ascal), 多維尺度 /多維標度multinomial logistic regression , 多項邏輯斯蒂回歸mu

46、ltiple comparison, 多重比較multiple correlation , 復相關multiple covariance, 多元協方差multiple linear regression,多元線性回歸multiple response, 多重選項multiple solutions, 多解multiplication theorem, 乘法定理multiresponse,多元響應multi-stage sampling,多階段抽樣multivariate t distribution, 多元 t 分布mutual exclusive, 互不相容mutual independen

47、ce,互相獨立natural boundary, 自然邊界natural dead, 自然死亡natural zero, 自然零negative correlation, 負相關negative linear correlation, 負線性相關negatively skewed, 負偏newman-keuls method, q 檢驗nk method, q 檢驗no statistical significance,無統計意義nominal variable, 名義變量nonconstancy of variability, 變異的非定常性nonlinear regression, 非線性

48、相關nonparametric statistics, 非參數統計nonparametric test, 非參數檢驗nonparametric tests, 非參數檢驗normal deviate, 正態(tài)離差normal distribution, 正態(tài)分布normal equation, 正規(guī)方程組normal ranges, 正常范圍normal value, 正常值nuisance parameter,多余參數 /討厭參數null hypothesis, 無效假設numerical variable, 數值變量objective function,目標函數observation unit

49、, 觀察單位observed value, 觀察值one sided test, 單側檢驗one-way analysis of variance, 單因素方差分析oneway anova , 單因素方差分析open sequential trial, 開放型序貫設計optrim, 優(yōu)切尾optrim efficiency, 優(yōu)切尾效率order statistics,順序統計量ordered categories,有序分類ordinal logistic regression , 序數邏輯斯蒂回歸ordinal variable, 有序變量orthogonal basis, 正交基ortho

50、gonal design, 正交試驗設計orthogonality conditions,正交條件orthoplan,正交設計outliercutoffs, 離群值截斷點outliers, 極端值overals , 多組變量的非線性正規(guī)相關overshoot,迭代過度paired design, 配對設計paired sample, 配對樣本pairwise slopes, 成對斜率parabola, 拋物線parallel tests, 平行試驗parameter,參數parametric statistics, 參數統計parametric test, 參數檢驗partial correl

51、ation, 偏相關partial regression, 偏回歸partial sorting, 偏排序partials residuals, 偏殘差pattern, 模式pearson curves, 皮爾遜曲線peeling, 退層percent bar graph, 百分條形圖percentage,百分比percentile,百分位數percentile curves,百分位曲線periodicity, 周期性permutation,排列p-estimator, p 估計量pie graph, 餅圖pitman estimator, 皮特曼估計量pivot, 樞軸量planar, 平坦

52、planar assumption,平面的假設plancards,生成試驗的 計劃卡point estimation,點估計poisson distribution, 泊松分布polishing, 平滑polled standarddeviation, 合并標準差polled variance, 合并方差polygon, 多邊圖polynomial, 多項式polynomial curve, 多項式曲線population,總體population attributable risk, 人群歸因危險度positive correlation, 正相關positively skewed, 正偏p

53、osterior distribution, 后驗分布power of a test, 檢驗效能precision, 精密度predicted value, 預測值preliminary analysis, 預備性分析principal componentanalysis, 主成分分析prior distribution, 先驗分布prior probability, 先驗概率probabilistic model, 概率模型probability, 概率probability density, 概率密度product moment, 乘積矩 /協方差profile trace, 截面跡圖pr

54、oportion,比/構成比proportion allocation in stratified random sampling, 按比例分層隨機抽樣proportionate,成比例proportionate sub-class numbers,成比例次級組含量prospective study, 前瞻性調查proximities,親近性pseudo f test, 近似 f 檢驗pseudo model, 近似模型pseudosigma,偽標準差purposive sampling, 有目的抽樣qr decomposition, qr 分解quadratic approximation,

55、二次近似qualitative classification, 屬性分類qualitative method, 定性方法quantile-quantile plot, 分位數 -分位數圖 /q-q 圖quantitative analysis, 定量分析quartile, 四分位數quick cluster, 快速聚類radix sort, 基數排序random allocation, 隨機化分組random blocks design, 隨機區(qū)組設計random event, 隨機事件randomization,隨機化range, 極差/全距rank correlation, 等級相關ran

56、k sum test, 秩和檢驗rank test, 秩檢驗ranked data, 等級資料rate, 比率ratio, 比例raw data, 原始資料raw residual, 原始殘差rayleigh stest, 雷氏檢驗rayleigh s z, 雷氏 z 值reciprocal, 倒數reciprocal transformation,倒數變換recording, 記錄redescending estimators,回降估計量reducing dimensions, 降維re-expression, 重新表達reference set, 標準組region of acceptan

57、ce,接受域regression coefficient, 回歸系數regression sum of square, 回歸平方和rejection point, 拒絕點relative dispersion, 相對離散度relative number, 相對數reliability, 可靠性reparametrization,重新設置參數replication, 重復report summaries,報告摘要residual sum of square, 剩余平方和resistance, 耐抗性resistant line, 耐抗線resistant technique,耐抗技術r-esti

58、mator of location, 位置 r 估計量r-estimator of scale, 尺度 r 估計量retrospective study, 回顧性調查ridge trace, 嶺跡ridit analysis, ridit 分析rotation, 旋轉rounding, 舍入row, 行row effects, 行效應row factor, 行因素rxc table, rxc 表sample, 樣本sample regressioncoefficient, 樣本回歸系數sample size, 樣本量sample standard deviation,樣本標準差sampling

59、 error, 抽樣誤差sas(statistical analysis system ), sas 統計軟件包scale, 尺度/量表scatter diagram, 散點圖schematic plot, 示意圖 /簡圖score test, 計分檢驗screening, 篩檢season, 季節(jié)分析second derivative, 二階導數second principal component,第二主成分sem (structural equation modeling),結構化方程模型semi-logarithmic graph, 半對數圖semi-logarithmic paper,

60、 半對數格紙sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲線sequential analysis, 貫序分析sequential data set, 順序數據集sequential design, 貫序設計sequential method, 貫序法sequential test, 貫序檢驗法serial tests, 系列試驗short-cut method, 簡捷法sigmoid curve, s 形曲線sign function, 正負號函數sign test, 符號檢驗signed rank, 符號秩significance test, 顯著性檢驗significant figure