2019英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)：自言自語其實(shí)沒那么可怕

1、2019 英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)：自言自語其實(shí)沒那么可怕【今日閱讀推薦】本篇閱讀材料“自言自語其實(shí)沒那么可怕”選自 時(shí)代（原文標(biāo)題： Talking to Yourself ： Not So Crazy After All 2012.5.23 ）。如果大家覺得比較簡(jiǎn)單，就當(dāng)作泛讀材料了解了解， 理解幾個(gè)新單詞或新表達(dá)方式也不錯(cuò)。如果大家覺得這些材料理解上 有難度，不妨當(dāng)做挑戰(zhàn)自己的拔高訓(xùn)練，希望大家都有進(jìn)步AAHow and when you "self-talk" can increase your concentration and improve performance.I

2、n the privacy of our minds, we all talk to ourselves an inner monologue that might seem rather pointless. As one scientific paper on self-talk asks ： “What can we tell ourselves that we don't already know? ” But as that studyand others go on to show, the act of giving ourselves mental messages c

3、an help us learn and perform at our best. Researchers have identified the most effective forms of selftalk, collected here so that the next time you talk to yourself, you know exactly what you should say.Self- talk isn ' t just motivational messages like“Youcan do it! ” or “ Almost there, ” alth

4、ough this internal cheering section can give us confidence. A review of more than two dozen studies, published last year in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science, found that there'sanother kind of mental message that is even more useful, called “instructional self- talk. ” This is th

5、e kind ofrunning commentary we engage inwhen we're carrying out adifficult task, especially one that 's unfamiliar to us. Think about when you were first learning to drive. Your selftalk might have gone something like this ： “Foot on the gaspedal, hands on the wheel, slow down for the curve

6、here, now put your bli nker on”O(jiān)ver time, of course, giving yourself instructions becomes unnecessary but while you 're learning, it does three important things. First, it enhances our attention, focusing us on the important elements of the task and screening out distractions. Second, it helps u

7、s regulate our effort and make decisions about what to do, how to do it, and when. And third, self-talk allows us to control our cognitive and emotional reactions, steadying us so we stay on task.In a recent study of students learning to throw darts in a gym class, Athanasios Kolovelonis and his col

8、leagues at the University of Thessaly in Greece found that self-talk is most effective when incorporated into a cycle of thought and action. First comes forethought, when you set a goal for yourself and make a plan for how to get there. That'sfollowed by performance, when you enact the plan to t

9、he best of your ability. Last comes self-reflection, when you carefully evaluate what you've done and adjust your plan forthe next time.Self-talk can play a key part in this cycle. During the forethought phase, consider carefully what you'll say toyourself. You can even write out a script. R

10、epeat these selfinstructions during the performance phase. With practice, you may find that your self-instructions become abbreviated; research has found that these so- called “cue words” can become powerful signals. In a study of elite sprinters, for example, the runners spoke certain words to them

11、selves at certain times ：“push” during the acceleration phase of thesprint,“heel ” during the maximum - speed phase, and “claw ”during the endurance phase. When they used these cue words, the athletes ran faster.After the action is over, consider how you might change your self-talk to improve your performance next timeso thatat the moment it matters, the right words are ringing in your ears.【重點(diǎn)單詞及短語】commentary n. 評(píng)論；注釋；評(píng)注；說明carry out 執(zhí)行；貫徹be un familiar to 與不熟悉enhance v. 增強(qiáng)；提升screen out 篩選distraction n. 注意力分散；消遣；心煩意亂steady v. 穩(wěn)固；使穩(wěn)定