2019-2020學(xué)年高中英語語法專題17主謂一致教案(含解析)

1、學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精1 十七、主謂一致1并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時的主謂一致 由 and 連接主語時and 連接的兩個或多個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時根據(jù)意義或概念確定謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù) 并列主語表示不同的人、物或概念時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)如：li ming and zhang hua are good students.like many others ，the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold 。小流浪漢和調(diào)皮的小男孩也趕到那里尋找金子。both rice and wheat are g

2、rown in this area。 并列主語表示同一個人、物或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式如：the professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在會上發(fā)言 .his lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to europe.他的律師兼大學(xué)時代的朋友陪他去歐洲旅行。注意：指同一個人或物時，并列主語前只用一個冠詞；指不同的需要分別加冠詞；但兩個名詞具有分別的對立的意思時只需要一個冠詞即可如：the writer and the educator hav

3、e visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.a boy and girl are playing tennis。學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2 并列主語前有 each ，every,many a ，no 等修飾時謂語動詞用單數(shù)如:each doctor and （each)nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients 。every man ，woman and child is entitled to take part in the a

4、ctivity。every boy and (every)girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.many a boy and (many a)girl has made the same mistake.no boy and no girl is there now. 沒有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞但是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義翻譯為很多如:many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 并列主語為不可分的整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：a law and rule ab

5、out protecting environment has been drawn up.the knife and fork has been washed.war and peace is a constant theme in history。注意;常被視為主體的結(jié)構(gòu)a cup and saucer 一副杯碟a horse and car 馬車aknife and fork一副刀叉a law and rule法規(guī)a needle and thread 一套針線fish and chips炸魚加炸薯條the stars and stripes 星條旗 由（either）or 或 neith

6、ernor 等連接的主語時學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精3 由 eitheror；neithernor；or；not onlybut(also) 連接主語時，謂語動詞陳述句中就近原則如：either you or jane is to be sent to new york。要你要么簡被派往紐約。neither you nor he has finished the experiment。not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.not only his friends but also he himself i

7、s looking forward to taking part in the party. 主語由肯定否定兩部分構(gòu)成謂語跟肯定部分走如:not you but i am to answer the question.i,not you,am to answer the question.2單一主語的主謂一致 名詞本身自帶 s作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù) 學(xué)科名詞： physics物理；mathematics/maths 數(shù)學(xué)；economics 經(jīng)濟學(xué)；politics 政治學(xué)；新聞 news ；體操 gymnastics如：as we know，physics is a fundamental

8、 subject in science。醒是自然科學(xué)中的一門基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科。mathematics is a required course for middle school student。數(shù)學(xué)是中學(xué)生的一門必修課。學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精4 einstein once said ，” politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意：當(dāng) mathematics 表示運算時謂語動詞用單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)皆可如：if my mathematics is/are right,the answer is 56。如果我的運算正確 ,答案就是 56。the telev

9、ision news is at 7clock in the evening every day。gymnastics is my sistes fav ourite sport. 有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同行根據(jù)是單數(shù)概念還是復(fù)數(shù)概念判斷謂語如：means 方式方法aircraft飛機works 工廠crossroads 十字路口deer鹿sheep羊fish 魚this works was build in 1982 。by far,three steelworks have been closed down in this city.this means of transport has been

10、 tried。all possible means have been tried。 由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)如：chopsticks筷子compasses 圓規(guī)glasses 眼鏡gloves手套學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精5 jeans 牛仔褲shoes鞋子scissors 剪子shorts 短褲socks短襪trousers 褲子my trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的褲子是白色的， 他的衣服是黑色的。why are your shoes so dirty？注意：如果這些詞由單位詞（a pair of，a s

11、uit of,a piece of ，a kind of等）靠飾時 ,單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)如：a pair of scissors is lying in that drawer。these kinds of glasses are popular this summer. 表示國家、人名、書名、組織機構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：the united states is a developed countrythe new york times is widely read in the world. 以-s結(jié)尾的群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等專有名詞謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)如：t

12、he himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物種類繁多the niagara falls are splendid waterfalls。 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)如：belongings財產(chǎn)clothes衣服學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精6 plastics塑料制品eamings收入goods貨物leavings剩余savings儲存all the goods are very expensive. 集體名詞作主語時 mankind，humanity,man 作主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)如：only man knows how

13、to cook. 有人懂得烹飪注意：mankind表示“人（類）”有時表示復(fù)數(shù)意義 ,其表語是復(fù)數(shù) .如：mankind are intelligent animals 人是理智的動物 . people，police，cattle,youte作主語時，只有單數(shù)形式 ,但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)如：the police are investigating the riot。the cattle are grazing the the filed.many cattle were killed for this.注意：people作民族講時有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:there are 56 people

14、s in china. family，crowd 等作主語時 ,根據(jù)概念確定謂語動詞這 類 集 體 名 詞 有 ： army； assembly ；audience ； band； class；club;committee ；company ；congress ；youth crew;crowd enemy ；family gang;govermment group herd ；jury population;public team 強調(diào)整體，學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精7 用單數(shù)謂語；強調(diào)個體 ,用復(fù)數(shù)謂語。如：the family is going to move to new york 。

15、the farmily have different opinions about their going abroad.the football club committee arranges all the matches.the football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比較：a family，a group ，a class 作主語時用單數(shù)謂語families ，groups,classes 作主語時用復(fù)數(shù)謂語如：a group is coming to the zoo 。人正朝著動物園走來。 baggage/luggage

16、( 行李)，clothing(衣服） ，furniture （家具）,machinery（機器 )，poetry（詩)，scenery( 風(fēng)景） ，jewery( 珠寶)，equipment （設(shè)備）等，是不可數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞（當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞）如：our clothing protects us from （against ） the cold.我們的衣服可以御寒。have you checked all your baggage？你所有行李都托運了嗎？注意： machinery,poetry,jewelry ，scenery 等相應(yīng)的個體可數(shù)名詞是machine,poem

17、 ，jewel,scene 等。如：a poem/a piece of poetry （一首詩），many machines/much machinery /many pieces of machinery （許多機器） 。 hair 的用法hair（頭發(fā)，毛發(fā)）指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時，為集合名詞（可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時，為個體名詞（可數(shù)） 。學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精8 如:my hair has grown very long 。我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。the police found two hairs there 。警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā). fruit 的用法fruit（水果）作為集合

18、名詞它通常是不可數(shù)的。如:he doesnt eat much fruit 。他不大吃水果 .he is growing fruit in the country 。他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果 .但是，當(dāng)要表示種類時，它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即 a fruit 指一種水果，fruits 指多種水果。比較:some fruits have thick skins 。有些水果皮很厚。 非謂語動詞或從句作主語時 非謂語動詞或從句作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：to improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.to see is to believe 。swimming is

19、 a good way to keep health。how they will solve the problem remains to be seen。whether she will come is not known 。 多個非謂語動詞作主語,表達一個概念謂語用單數(shù)，表達不同概念謂語用復(fù)數(shù)如：going to be early and getting up early is good for your health。(早睡早起一個概念）reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.(讀書和打乒乓球是兩個概念 )

20、學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精9 listening ，speaking,reading and writing are all important.to be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person.3其他情況的主謂一致 表示距離、時間、長度、金額、質(zhì)量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時常被看作是整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這類復(fù)數(shù)名詞有：miles,dollars ， pounds ， kilograms公斤/ 千克， kilometres公里，centimetres厘米,millimetres 毫米，

21、seconds,hours ，years等如：five dollars seems a fair price.是一個公道的價格two kilometres is not very far for the young manfive hours is a short time for such a difficult job 如果強調(diào)數(shù)目謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)如：one hundred cents make a dollar.more than twenty years have passed since they got married. 算數(shù)中的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式,有時也用復(fù)數(shù)如：five ti

22、mes eight is/are fortyfour and eight makes/make twelvesixty minus seven leaves fifty-threeforty-eight divided by six is eight學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精10 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)如：everyone something anybody nowhere.everyone in the class was surprised at the news。listen!someone is knocking at the door.is anyone going to

23、 tell him the news? each one of ,every one of ，anyone of ，one of等作主語時謂語用單數(shù)如：each of the girl in our class has a balioon.我們班每個女孩都有一個氣球each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.every one of them is familiar to me 。截對他們都很熟悉 each ，every作形容詞修飾主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù),但是 each作復(fù)數(shù)主語的同位語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)如：each/every

24、boy in our class has a skateboard.副滑板they each have a stateboard.each/every student has an english-chinese dictionary.the students each have an english-chinese dictionary。 none of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)；none of，neither of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/ 復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。either of/none of that money in the desk is his.( 不數(shù)名詞）學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴

25、于專精11 none of his classmates knows the truth 。=none of his classmates know the truth。neither of the statements is true =neither of the statements are ture。 兩種說法沒有一個真實。如：either of the qualifications is acceptable=either of the qualifications are acceptable. neither 與 either 做形容詞修飾單數(shù)名詞時謂語動詞用單數(shù)如:either

26、 qualification is acceptable.兩種資格中的任何一種都可以接受neither qualification is acceptable。 分數(shù)百分數(shù) +of+ 名詞，some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all（of)，half(of）謂語常與 of 后面的名詞一致 ;分數(shù)百分數(shù) +of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / 復(fù)數(shù)代詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；分數(shù)/ 百分數(shù)+of+ 單數(shù)名詞 / 單數(shù)代詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)如:two thirds of the students support the plan 。(復(fù)數(shù)名詞）on

27、e tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.(復(fù)數(shù)代詞）three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（單數(shù)名詞）eighty percent of the employees in the company are from bejing.(百分數(shù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞）thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.（百分數(shù)單數(shù)名詞 )the rest of the money belongs to you。the rest of the

28、 students speak for it。學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精12 half of the apple is rotten 。half of the apples are rotten 。 “more than one單數(shù)名詞 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +than one”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。r 如:more than one person has known the news。 不止一個人知道了這個消息.more students than one are for your proposal。很多學(xué)生同意你的計劃

29、。 a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞謂語用復(fù)數(shù) (許多的 );the number of 名詞謂語動詞用單數(shù)（的數(shù)量）如：a number of trees are green in april 。agreat number of tourists have been to the great wall。a large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.the number of students in the computer class is limited to te

30、n。the nunber of workers who were out of work was 1,000。 there/here。 。 。引導(dǎo)句子時就近原則如：there are some chairs and a table in the room。there is a table and some chairs in the room.here are some gifts for you 。學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精13 here is a book,a pen and some paper for you. 當(dāng)主語后接修飾語時with,along with,together wit

31、h ，but，besides ，except ，like，including，in addition to,as well as ，rather than, 謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致如：a library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.被作為禮物送給了這個國家。the teacher ，along with her students,is going to attend the lecture。apeasant ，together with some soldiers ，is about to help us 。all but one have arrived here. 除了一個人外所有人都到了.no one except two students was late for class。沒有其他人上課遲到the garage ，in a