研究生學(xué)位英語閱讀

1、passage onewhy the eyes have it?neuroscientists have discovered that eye-to-eye contact unleashes a burst of activity in the reward center of the brain romantic novelists rarely fail to include in their oeuvre that special moment when two strangers look into each othefs eyes across a crowded room an

2、d feel the tingle of desire.the barbara cartland school of writing has now been validated by science, for experts have discovered that eye-to-eye contact in fact unleashes a burst of activity in the reward center of the brainneuroscientists at university college london asked eight female and eight m

3、ale volunteers to look at photos of the faces of 40 different people who were either looking at the camera or gazing to one side.while the volunteers looked at the pictures, they were given a scan with functional magnetic resonance imaging, which measures increased blood flows to the various parts o

4、f the brain and thus provides a "map” of cerebral activity.the guinea pigs were then asked to rate the attractiveness of each face, and their score was matched against the scan.the result: when volunteer had direct eye contact with the face, there was an increase of activity in the ventral stri

5、atum, a central part of the brain that anticipates reward or pleasure. but if the eyes did not meet, there was no activity in that brain area at all.the activity increase occurred regardless of the gender of the face in direct eye contact.however, there was a bigger-than-usual increase if the person

6、 giving the eye was found to be attractive. activity in the ventral striatum surged, in an apparent sign of the sexual appetite being sharpened.but if the cute person gazed to one side, the ventral striatum remained dormant, apparently disappointed that the stranger was clearly not interestedinteres

7、tingly, the ventral striatum also perked up if a plug-ugly person gazed to one side, rather than looked at the volunteer right in the eyes. "missing eye contact with an unattractive face may be a relief, and thus enhance activity/ the researchers suggest.questio ns:1 which paragraph answers the

8、 following questions of the ti什e “why the eyes have it?"a) paragraph 1 b) paragraph3 c) paragraph6d) the last paragraph.2. there was an in crease of activity in the ventral striatum, whenhad direct eye contact with the face.a) femalesb) malesc) personsd) adults3. if a plug-ugly person looked at

9、 the volunteer right in the eyes, the ventral striatum of the volunteer woulda) increase greatlyb) increase greatlyc) remain dormantd) increase or not couldnt be known by us4. according to the passage which of the following statements is not true?a) barbara cartland is a british romantic novelist.b)

10、 there were 40 persons who were willing to make the experiment.c) the activity increase occurred in direct eye contact.d) after the experiment a map of cerebral activity would be provided5. which of the following is closest in meaning to the last sentence?a) eye-to eye con tact with an ugly face is

11、uncomfortable b) you'd better not get in touch with the ugly peoplec) if the volunteers avoided eye contact with an unattractive face, there would be an increase of activity in the ventral striatum.d) it's difficult to answernotes:1. neuroscientists 經(jīng)神學(xué)家2.oeuvre作品，畢生之作3. validate使有法律效力，使有效4.

12、 functional magnetic resonance imaging功能磁性共振成影儀器5. a "map" of cerebral activity 大腦活動的圖樣6. the ventral striatum（大腦中的）前部紋狀體7. rather than 而不是l. c 2.c3.d4.b5.cpassage twosan francisco 1906 earthquake great registerthe great earthquake and fire of 1906 ranks as an unparalleled disaster in the

13、history of san francisco. more than four and one-half square miles of san francisco burned and crumbled into a windswept desert of desolation. nearly 200,000 people out of san francisco's population of 450,000 were left homeless by the disaster. the southern pacific and santa fe railroads immedi

14、ately closed their ticket offices and threw wide the gates so all who chose could ride away from the scenes of destruction and desolation. they were carried free of charge to every section and comer of the united states. over 100,000 refugees were handled out of the oakland offices alone trains were

15、 so crowded and heavy that they could not be moved by less than three enginesbecause of government and financial interests of the time the official san francisco death toll has always been extolled as remarkably small. the san francisco board of supervisors official count in 1907 was only 478- it wa

16、s thought that a high death toll would hamper the rebuilding and repopulation of the city.for many years i did extensive research on the 1906 earthquake dead using the dates of death between april 1& 1906 may 19, 1906.1 have since learned from d匚 donald cheu of the governors earthquake task forc

17、e that an earthquake death is defined as n an immediate fatality resulting from an earthquake or an earthquake-caused injury or illness that becomes fatal within a period of one year following the earthquake.11 i realized hundreds had been excluded.now i am again looking to you for help. in response

18、 to repeated requests through our website my team and i are setting out to compile an accurate account of those effected by the 1906 earthquake. this time we are looking for information on everyone who was here at the time, both survivors and those who perished. it doesn't matter if they were ki

19、lled instantly, were uninjured, stayed to help rebuild, left on the first boat or refugee train. all of their stories are important. we know that many places along the entire west coast felt the impact of this earthquake. if your ancestors were in an outlying area and you know the story, please let

20、us include them.your family's oral histories are full of valuable information. you have all of the space you need in the boxes provided on each questionnaire to give as many details as you possibly can. every detail is important to us. please take the time to share them with us and acknowledge y

21、our ancestor accomplishments.sign ed,gladys hansenquestions:l. when did the earthquake occur?a at the beginning of the 19th century.b at the beginning of the 20th centuiyc in the late of the 19th century d .in the late of the 20th century .2how many people were killed in this disaster by the officia

22、l count in 1907?a. 200,000.b .450,000.c. 478.d. 3000.3 which of the following statements is true?a the earthquake in 1906 is regarded as the greatest disaster in the history of san franciscob. there was a high death toll in san francisco 1906 earthquakec the government of the time did little to help

23、 the refugeesd we can learn from this register that gladys hansen witnessed the disaster of san francisco 1906 earthquake.4. who wrote this passage?a an important person .b an emeritus official.c one who is in charge of archivesd a refugee5. about earthquakes which of the following statements is fal

24、se?a. earthquake damage depends on what area is hit. if an unpopulated region is struck, there will be low loss of life or propertyb earthquakes have the power to uproot trees and send them crashing into buildingsc. violent earthquakes carf t cause firm structures to collapse, burying people underne

25、ath.d. buildings on bedrock suffer less damage because the ground is finner.notes:1. santa fe2. financial interests3. of the time4. death toll（位于美國）圣達菲金融界 當時的，當代的死亡人數(shù)5. board of supervisors 美 中西部及東部各州的縣議會6. task force特遣部隊7. looking to指望& in response to響應(yīng)，適應(yīng)9. san francisco city archivist 案卷保管人)1

26、0. emeritus (退休的)l.b 2.c3.a4.c5.cpassage threedevelopment of the mobile phonesince the 1980s, the industry of the mobile phone has developed rapidly and changed a lot. here are the different stages of the mobile phone:first generation (1g)the first generation mobile phone refers to the mobile phones

27、 that were developed in the 1980s.second generation (2g)gsm. cdma and tdm a are the different protocols that brought the mobile phone into the sec on d-generati on stage the protocols of the 2g mobile phone are enter ized transmitted. sms (short message service) is also the services added for the 2g

28、 services. the 2g mobile phone was introduced to the market basically in the early 1990s.second and a half generation (2.5g)still under the same network protocol, but provided services such as wap (wireless application protocol) and gprs (general packet radio service) enabling mobile phones to acces

29、s on certain websites coloured screen with camera-featured mobile phones were also introduced in this stage (not all phones are featured with these new functions).third gen eration (3g)a whole new network protocol launched in the twenty-first century. the 3g protocol enables high speed connection (s

30、peed similar to broadband connection)besides the convergence from the first generation to the third generation mobile phones, the functions featured in mobile phones are getting more sophisticated and more useful. mobile phones now are not only for communication. it has converged into a multi functi

31、on device. many mobile phones now are developed into pda-like (personal digital assistant) phones with os (operating system) that enables the communication device to operate as if a mini compute匚 symbian is an os specially developed for mobile phone software can be installed individual by the users

32、into the phone in order to operate other functions.bluetooth, a form of wireless short-range connection, is co-developed by mobile phone developers such as sony ericsson. motorola, nokia and some computer/electronic developers. bluetooth enables mobile phones with bluetooth to make wireless connecti

33、on with bhetooth headsets, connection to computers to swap data.entertainment on mobile phones has also been a development for many developers mobile phone gaming (such as java games, the most popular game platform), camera functions, media player (playing mp3 and short films) are now engaged among

34、2.5g and 3g mobile phones. laptops can also get access to the internet using the 2.5g or 3g mobile phone as the modem. emails can also be accessed via these mobile phones.mobile phones can also become an information ente匚 information from weather reports, latest news, share market status etc can all

35、 be gathered from small mobile phones. before wap or gprs were well developed, users can gather the above information from the system operator (depending on the system operator, not all provide these services). users can also order of daily automatic updates via sms.questions:1. mobile phone users b

36、enefit a lot from the development of the service wap and gprs excepta) wiith their phone, they can get a lot of information from some websites.b) their phones can be accessed on certain websitesc) their phones can be connected with the internet without the limitation of time and region.d) with their

37、 phones, which like a mini-computer, they can get all the information of the internet.2. comparing to the 2.5g mobilephone, what is the development of the 3g mobile phone?a) digital transmittedb) connection with the websitesc) high speed transmissiond) colored screen3. which is wrong about "blu

38、etooth"?a) mobile phone with bluetooth can make wireless conn ection with the bluetooth headset and the computer to swap data.b) mobilephone with bluetooth is much more healthy and convenience c) there is limitation of bluetooth.d) wherever the bluetooth headset is, it can connect the mobilepho

39、ne with bluetooth4. what is the entertainment of the mobilephone, according to the passage?a) playing gameb) taking picturesc) media playerd) all the above5. "ma ny mob i i eph one are developed into pda-like phone." can you guess what is the meaning of the''pda"?a) it refers

40、to the mobile phone that can connect to the inter net.b) it depicts a handheld device with a lot of functions and can help people a lot in life and work.c) it depicts a device with os.d) it means something that can be installed by software.notes:1. gsm：全球移動通信系統(tǒng)global systerm of mobile commnicationo是

41、為前應(yīng)用最為廣泛的移動電話標準。2. cdma：碼分多址的英文縮寫(code division multiple access)。它是數(shù)字技術(shù)的分支擴頻通信技術(shù) 上發(fā)展起來的一種嶄新的無線通信技術(shù)。3. tdma：吋分多址4. wap： (wireless application protocol),無線應(yīng)用協(xié)議的縮寫，是實現(xiàn)移動電話和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相結(jié)合的應(yīng)用協(xié) 議標準。5. gprs：是general packer radio service的英文縮寫，屮文譯為通用無線分組業(yè)務(wù)，它是一種高速數(shù)據(jù)處 理的科技。6. pda： personal digital assistant用來描述一種小型的、手

42、持的、可移動設(shè)備的一個術(shù)語?？梢詾閭€人和 商業(yè)提供計算、信息存儲、保存時間表和地址簿。7. bluetooth headset：藍牙耳機。藍牙技術(shù)是一短距離無線通訊的界面，基本通訊距離為1()米。藍牙耳機 就是具有上述功能的耳機，現(xiàn)多用于和有藍牙功能的手機通訊,可以免除電線的牽拌。l.d 2.c3.d 4.d5.bpassage fourthe disadvantages of the mobile phonemobile phone is a small, portable communication device that enables people to make phone call

43、s whenever where they are. it receives and gives out signals via the service providersa transmitting towers and even via satellite. the convenience of mobile phone is allowing people to communicate with one another without the limitation of regions and timeyes, the development of mobile phones broug

44、ht convenient and advantages to the world. communication between people and people are easier and fast. though, the disadvantages brought along with the fast grown technology cannot be ignored. these problems not only influenced people personally but also the society.symptoms caused by the radiation

45、 of mobile phones are one of the most argued problems. many scientists believe that the radiation from the mobile phones may cause the users to have different symptoms such as headache, earaches, blurring of vision and even causing cance匚 though, these problems are still under research, mobile phone

46、 users are advised to reduce the usage on mobile phones if it is possiblemobile phone addiction is a big social problem. psychiatrists believe that mobile phone addiction is becoming one of the biggest non-drug addictions in the 21st century. along with the age drop of the mobile phone users and the

47、 ease of prepaid method provide by the system operators, most teenagers now own their own mobile phone and network service teenagers are engaged on their mobile phones all the time, no matter on phone calls, using sms text messages, personalising the mobile phones with ringtones and pictures etc. be

48、sides this, many people are running after the lastest mobile phones. new models of mobile phones are released almost everyday. in order to get up-to-date, people tend to change their mobile phones once in a while. these became habits among the mobile phone users causing them to spend unnecessary cos

49、t on mobile bills and costs.cyber bullying is also another issue among the disadvantages of mobile phones cyber bullying is a bullying act using offensive words and behavior via online chatting, emails or sms text messages 1( was showed that the psychological effects of cyber bullying are much sever

50、e that face-to-face bullying this problem now is among teenagers especially the secondary students.there are still many problems causing by the new tech no logy mobile phones with camera functions are causing privacy problems. saudi arabia had banned camera phones throughout the country while many countries are concern about this problem. this is because many people have misused the usage on the camera phones such as using it as a hidden camera to take photos which are private