專題三名詞性從句

1、專題三 名詞性從句一、定義：(1) 名詞性從句：在句子中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句, 表語從句, 賓語從句和同位語從句。(2) 連接詞：引導名詞性從句的連詞。有連接代詞what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, which, whichever, whose (有詞義，在從句中充當成分，作主語、賓語、表語或定語)；連接副詞when, where, how, why (有詞義，在從句中充當成分，作狀語)；從屬連詞that, if, whether, as if (除that外，都有詞義，在從句中不充當任何成分)。二、做題步驟：1. 通過從句是否在整

2、個句子中起名詞的作用確定從句的類型。2. 針對從句本身進行分析，看從句是否缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語等句子成分，如有缺失，則用相應的連接代詞。3. 如果從句中不缺少上述成分，則根據句意是否完整用相應的連接副詞或有詞義的從屬連詞。4. 從句的成分和句意都無問題，則用that起連接作用。(1)_ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. It B. This C. What D. As (2)It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for t

3、heir future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that (3)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what三、考點：1. 主語從句：在句子中做主語, 它可以放在主句謂語動詞之前, 但that引導的主語從句多數情況由it做形式主語, 而把主語從句放在主句之后：e.g. who did tha

4、t is known to all. It is interesting that you should like him.一般情況下, 從句做主語, 謂語用單數。但what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞視情況而定: e.g. What I need most are books. What he wants is a book. What I need is time.常見用it作形式主語的句型結構有：(1) It is + n. + that clause * It is a fact (a shame;a pity;an honor;no wonder;good news) +that cla

5、usee.g. Its a pity that he wont come.(2) It is + adj. + that clause * It is necessary(strange;important;wonderful;possible;likely)+that+主語+ (should)+v.原形e.g. It is strange that you should like him.(3) It is + done + that clause * It is said;reported;believed;decided.+that clause e.g. It is said that

6、 Bell invented the telephone.(4) It + vi./vt. + O + that-clause * It seems;happened;doesnt matter;has turned out;make a difference(to sb.)+that clausee.g. It happened that I had no money on me. It doesnt matter what you do.* It struck sb./ occurred to sb. +that clausee.g. It never occurred to me tha

7、t you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.2. 表語從句：在從句中做表語,位于主句中系動詞之后：e.g. This is where our problem lies. 表語從句還可以用as if 引導。 e.g. It looks as if it is going to rain.* The reason (why/for) is that e.g. The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.* Thats because

8、(原因). * Thats why (結果). e.g. Thats because he missed the early bus.e.g. Thats why he didnt come to the meeting.* The truth/trouble/problem/question is thate.g. The question is who can complete the difficult task. 3. 同位語從句：它通常跟在名詞后面, 進一步說明該名詞的具體內容。引導同位語從句的名詞主要有：fact, idea, hope, order, promise, word,

9、 question, belief, news, truth, suggestion, thought, problem, doubt, information, condition等,一般用that引導。e.g. The news that our team has won the match is true.Word came that our team won the match.4. 賓語從句：在句中做及物動詞或介詞賓語。e.g. We can learn what we did not know. She always thinks of how she can work well.

10、(1) 如果主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞think, consider, believe, make, feel, find等，則把賓語從句置于賓語補足語之后，用it做形式賓語。e.g. We find it necessary that we practise spoken-English every day.(2) 另外某些做表語的形容詞如: sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可以用賓語從句。 e.g. I am sure that he will succeed.(3) 在like, dislike, enjoy, love, hate, prefer, appre

11、ciate等詞后跟賓語從句時，需用形式賓語it. e.g. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. I like it that everyone passed the exam. Id appreciate it very much if you could reply soon.(4) that從句除可放于except, but, in之后外，通常不作介詞的賓語從句，而且此時的that不能省略。e.g. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. This

12、 is an ideal site for a university in that it is far from the downtown area. (5) 由動詞和介詞構成的動詞短語，動詞后接賓語從句時，要用it 作形式賓語。e.g. Ill see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. I just took it for granted that hed always be around. Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten oclock.(6) t

13、hat引導賓語從句不可省略的情況：一個句子有多個并列的賓語從句時，從第二個開始不可省略。 e.g. He said (that) you neednt worry and that he would help you.注：謂語動詞和that從句間有插入語時，that不可省略。e.g. We decide, as he suggested, that we will set out early tomorrow.(7) 感嘆句性的賓語從句：e.g. Parents are taught to understand how important education is to their child

14、rens future. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made. * It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether(8) 在“一個堅持要求，兩個命令，四個建議，四個要求”后等意義的動詞后的賓語從句中須用(should)

15、+ v.原形。e.g. The mother insisted that the boy (should) be back before 10 oclock. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. He demanded that we (should) start right away.(9) 賓語從句中的時態(tài)：當主句用一般現在時態(tài)時，從句根據自身的情況可使用不同的時態(tài)；但當主句用一般過去時態(tài)時，從句則要用相應

16、的過去時態(tài)。（從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現象時，仍用一般現在時態(tài)）e.g. I know (that) he will study English next year. She says she cleaned the floor. He said (that) he was very glad. The teacher told us (that) the earth is round.(10) 賓語從句的語序問題：1）. 雙重疑問句：否定前移的動詞(think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess等)后接特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句時,語

17、序為特殊疑問詞位于句首, 主句變成一般疑問句, 后面是陳述句。e.g. Who do you think is the best singer in your school? Why do you think he was late?2）. 特殊疑問詞who, whom, what, which, whose, where, when, where, how等引導的賓語從句，應為特殊疑問詞加上陳述句語序。e.g. He asked where Mr. Wang was. I want to know what he has told you.但Whats the matter with sb.

18、? 和Whats wrong with sb.? 除外e.g. Whats the matter with you? What did she say? She asked what was the matter with me.四、連接詞的用法：1. what與whatever兩者都可以引導名詞性從句，但whatever比what的語氣強，意為 “anything that(任何事物)”。e.g. What she did was right. Whatever she did was right.2. who與whoeverwho常保留本身疑問的含義，表特指，即“誰”，整個從句側重指整體的

19、事件；whoever表泛指，意為the person who.或anyone who.，即“無論誰”，整個從句側重指人。e.g. Who broke the window is unknown. Whoever(Anyone who) breaks the law will be punished. Whoever(The person who) told you about it was lying. Who will go with us has not yet been decided.* Could I speak to _ is in charge of International

20、Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever3. if 與whether(1) if、whether均可使用的情況：引導動詞的賓語從句時e.g. I wonder if /whether the news is true.(2) 只能用if的情況：動詞的賓語從句，而且賓語從句部分是否定句時e.g. He considered if he couldnt tell her the secret. 他考慮是否不應該把秘密告訴她。I dont care if it doesnt rain. 我根本不在乎不下雨。(3) 習慣用whether的情況：a. 在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中e.g. The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown. Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.b. 在介詞后 e.g. It all depends on whether they will suppor