八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、一、重要短語(yǔ)歸納1.go on vacation去度假                                  2.stay at home待在家里       3.go to the mo

2、untains去爬山                              4.go to the beach去海灘     5.visit museums 參觀博物館       &#

3、160;                      6.go to summer camp去參觀夏令營(yíng)7.quite a few相當(dāng)多                     &#

4、160;               8.study for為而學(xué)習(xí)    9.go out出去                           

5、                10.most of the time大部分時(shí)間11.taste good嘗起來(lái)很好吃                           

6、0;   e up出來(lái),發(fā)生    13.of course當(dāng)然                                        14.

7、feel like給的感覺(jué)；感受到15.go shopping去購(gòu)物                                   16.in the past在過(guò)去     17.walk around

8、四處走走                                 18.because of因?yàn)?#160;19.one bowl of 一碗           

9、;                    20.the next day第二天   21.drink tea喝茶                      &#

10、160;                 22.find out找出；查明   23.go on繼續(xù)                          

11、;                24.take photos照相       25.something important重要的事                    

12、0;     26.up and down上上下下    27.have a good time玩得高興=enjoy oneself=have great fun 二、慣用法1.buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.為某人買(mǎi)某物2.taste + adj. 嘗起來(lái)     3.look+adj. 看起來(lái)4.nothingbut+動(dòng)詞原形   除了之外什么都沒(méi)有5.Seem+（to be）+ adj. 

13、看起來(lái) 6.arrive in+大地點(diǎn) / arrive at+小地點(diǎn)   到達(dá)某地7.decide to do sth.決定去做某事8.try doing sth.嘗試做某事 / try to do sth.盡力去做某事     9.forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事/ forget to do sth.忘記做某事10.enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事    11.want to do sth.想去做某事    

14、12.start doing sth.開(kāi)始做某事14.stop doing sth. 停止做某事    15.dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事   16.keep doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事17.Why not do. sth.?為什么不做呢？18.so+adj.+that+從句   如此以至于19.tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事三、詞語(yǔ)辨析1.anywhere 與 somewhere  共同點(diǎn)：兩者都是不定副詞。不同點(diǎn)

15、：anywhere，“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。I cant find it anywhere.        somewhere，“在某處，到某處”，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2.與seem有關(guān)的句式1）seem + 形容詞  “看起來(lái).” You seem happy today.2）seem + to do sth. “似乎、好像做某事”       I seem to have

16、a cold 3）It seems / seemed + 從句  “看起來(lái)好像；似乎”.  It seems that no one believe you. 4）seem like .“好像，似乎.”    It seems like a good idea. 3. decide:  1）decide to do sth.決定做某事      They decide to visit the museum.2）decide + 疑問(wèn)詞 + 動(dòng)詞

17、不定式  He can not decide when to leave.4. start與begin共同點(diǎn)：start doing sth = start to do sth. 開(kāi)始，可與begin 互換 。He started doing his homework. 不同點(diǎn)：但以下幾種情況不能用begin：1）創(chuàng)辦，開(kāi)辦： He started a new bookshop last month.2）機(jī)器開(kāi)動(dòng)： I cant start my car.3）出發(fā)，動(dòng)身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over：（prep.） 

18、1）“多于，超過(guò)，在以上（表示數(shù)目、程度）”= more than如：My father is over 40 years old.2）“在之上，與物體垂直且不接觸”，與 under 相反。 如：There is a map over the blackboard.3）“超過(guò)”： I hear the news over the radio. 4）“遍及”： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many，too much，much too  1）too many “太多”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 如

19、：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.2）too much  “太多”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞或修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。 如：We have too much work to do.            Dont talk too much.3）much too  “太”，修飾形容詞或副詞。   如：The hat is much too big for me.   &#

20、160;             Youre walking much too fast.小結(jié)：分辨三者的口訣： too much, much too, 用法區(qū)別看后頭： much 后接不可數(shù)， too 后修飾形或副。                      

21、; too many 要記住，后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。7. because：1）because of  介詞短語(yǔ)，“因?yàn)?，由于”，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能接句子。如：He cant take a walk because of the rain.2）because 連詞，“因?yàn)椤保龑?dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示直接明確的原因或理由。如：I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.8.try to do sth.與try doing sth.try to do sth：盡力做某事；try doing sth.：嘗試做某事。如：I tried ca

22、lling him, but no one answered.    I'm trying to learn English well9.forget to do sth. 與forget doing sth.1）forget to do sth.忘記將要做的某事如：Dont forget to close the window.別忘了關(guān)窗戶。2）forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事如：I forget closing the window.我忘記已經(jīng)關(guān)上窗戶了。10.stop doing sth.與stop to do sth.1）stop t

23、o do sth.停下了去做另一件事如：I stopped to eat。我停下來(lái)開(kāi)始吃東西。 2）stop doing sth.停止做某事如：I stopped eating。我停止吃東西。11.something,somebody,someone; anything,anybody,anyonesomething,somebody,someone：用于肯定句anything,anybody,anyone：用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句四、重要句子1.Where did you go on vacation？你去哪里度假了？1）這是一個(gè)由疑問(wèn)副詞where引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。Where用

24、來(lái)詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where are you from？    Where does he live？2）go on vacation“去度假 ”He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。2.Did you buy anything special？你買(mǎi)特別的東西了嗎？1）buy，vt，“購(gòu)買(mǎi)”如：It takes a lot of money to buy a house.買(mǎi)一座房子要花一大筆錢(qián)。2）buy sth. for sb. =buy sb. sth.為某人買(mǎi)某物如

25、：My father bought me a bike.   =My father bought a bike for me.3）anything special“特別的東西”注意：形容詞修飾不定代詞要后置如：Do you want anything else？你還想要其他什么嗎？3.We took quite a few photos there.1）take photos照相，拍照如：Could you help me take some photos？2）quite a few“相當(dāng)多”，后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)   quite a little“相當(dāng)多”

26、，后加不可數(shù)名詞如：There are quite a few people in the restaurant.There is quite a little water in the bottle.4.Everything tasted really good.所有的東西嘗起來(lái)真的很好吃。taste，連系動(dòng)詞，“嘗起來(lái)”，其后接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The food tastes really great.與之類似的詞：sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）,feel（摸起來(lái)）,look（看起來(lái)）。5.How did you like it?你覺(jué)得它怎么樣？用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)或看法。=What did y

27、ou think of it?=How did you feel about it?6.Did you go shopping?你們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物嗎？go shopping“去購(gòu)物”拓展：go doing“去做某事”，常用于表達(dá)從事某一體育活動(dòng)或休閑活動(dòng)。如：go climbing  ; go skating (去滑冰); go hiking ; go sightseeing ; go fishing  ;  go boating（去劃船）7.I went to a friend's farm in the country with my family.我和家人一

28、起去了鄉(xiāng)下一個(gè)朋友的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。a friend's farm是名詞所有格形式，“一個(gè)朋友的農(nóng)場(chǎng)”。拖展：名詞的所有格： 名詞的所有格主要表示所屬關(guān)系，它有兩種構(gòu)成方式，即-s 所有格和 of 所有格一）s格的用法 1）主要用于有生命的名詞，其所有格構(gòu)成為：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞后加's；                        

29、60;         復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s作結(jié)尾的后加'，不以s作結(jié)尾的后加's。總結(jié)：復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾加，其他都加s如：Tom's dog,  my brother's books,  Mary's boyfriend,  sheep's skin,  your bossdecision.2）用于表示時(shí)間，距離，地點(diǎn)，團(tuán)體，重量，價(jià)格這六類無(wú)生命名詞的所有格，也要加's表示所有，如： a day's work(一天的

30、工作)，two miles' distance(兩英里的距離), ten dollars' worth, five miles' distance, twenty pounds' weight，Beijing's future, the government's  decision，Japan's industry，the earthplants.3）所有格的一個(gè)特殊形式：共有物，只在最后一個(gè)名詞的后面加's，即“共有物，最后加”；      

31、0;       不共有，則每個(gè)名詞之后都要加's，即“各自有，各自加”；如：Bill and Hillarys  house. (Bill和Hillary共有的房子)Bills and Hillarys  houses(Bill和Hillary各自的房子)  4）所有格的省略：表示理發(fā)店、商店等名詞或一些習(xí)慣用法，如: the barber's. my sisters, the tailors.二）of所有格的用法主要用于無(wú)生命的名詞，其所有格構(gòu)成為： “of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如

32、：a map of China8.The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.唯一的問(wèn)題是晚上除了讀書(shū)沒(méi)什么事可做。nothing adj to do “沒(méi)什么事可做”如：I have nothing special to do this afternoon.今天下午我沒(méi)有什么特殊的事要做。拓展：nothing but“只有，除.之外什么也沒(méi)有”；      have nothing to do but do sth.“只能做某事”

33、=have no chance but to do sth.如：I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。I had nothing to do but watch TV.w我只能看電視了。9.Still no one seemed to be bored.仍然沒(méi)有人看起來(lái)無(wú)聊。1）Seem可作不及物動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞，“好像，似乎，看來(lái)”如：Everything seems easy.拓展：Seem的用法：seem + 形容詞  “看起來(lái).” You seem happy today. seem + to d

34、o sth. “似乎、好像做某事”       I seem to have a cold It seems / seemed + 從句  “看起來(lái)好像；似乎”.  It seems that no one believe you. seem like .“好像，似乎.”    It seems like a good idea. 2）bored,boring辨析Bored ：“厭倦的；感到無(wú)聊的”，一般在句中修飾人，作表語(yǔ)。Boring：“無(wú)趣的；令人厭

35、煩的；單調(diào)的”，一般在句中修飾事或物，可作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如：I'm bored with what he said.I find the story very boring.10.What did Lisa say about.?Say about“發(fā)表對(duì).的看法”如：I did't say anything about it.我對(duì)此事什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。11. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.今天早上我和家人到達(dá)了馬來(lái)西亞的檳城。1）arrive，vi，“到達(dá)”。2）arrive in+大地點(diǎn) ；a

36、rrive at+小地點(diǎn)   “到達(dá)某地”如：The books will arrive tomorrow.這些書(shū)明天到。    We arrived in Beijing yesterday.我們昨天就到北京了。    I arrived at the train station very early.12.so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.因此我們決定到旅館附近的海灘上去。1）go to the beach去海灘 2)decide，vt，“

37、決定”，decided to do sth.“決定做某事”如：They decide to visit the museum.13.I feel like I was a bird.It was so exciting.我感覺(jué)自己就像一只小鳥(niǎo)，太刺激了。feel like“給.的感覺(jué)，感受到”，其后常接從句。如：I feel like that I have never been there before.我感覺(jué)從來(lái)沒(méi)到過(guò)那。feel like“想要”，其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。如：Do you feel like a cup of tea now?你現(xiàn)在想要喝茶嗎？14.I really

38、enjoyed walking around the town.我真的很喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上到處走走。enjoy oneself=have a good time=have great fun“玩的高興，愉快”如：I enjoyed myself at the party last night.  = I had a good time at the party last night.    =I had great fun at the party last night.15.What a difference a day makes!一天的變化有多大啊!本句是

39、 what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。拓展：感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：1）what  a/an  （adj）+ 單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)！2）What （adj ） +復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)！3）How + adj/adv + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)！如：What a beautiful girl she is!    What hard work it is !    What many flowers there is !    What a pity!16.We wanted t

40、o walk up to shop,but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.我們想步行爬到山頂，但是天開(kāi)始下起了小雨，因此我們決定乘火車去。1）Want to do sth.如：I want to clean my bedroom.2）start doing sth = start to do sth. 開(kāi)始，可與begin 互換 。如：He started doing his homework. 但以下幾種情況不能用begin：創(chuàng)辦，開(kāi)辦： He started a new books

41、hop last month.機(jī)器開(kāi)動(dòng)： I cant start my car.出發(fā)，動(dòng)身： I will start tomorrow morning.3）a littleA little ,a bit區(qū)別 a little：a)可直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞；         b)作副詞短語(yǔ)，“一點(diǎn)兒”，在句中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。但a bit后要加of后才可接名詞。not a little=very much表示“非?！保玭ot a bit= not at all表示“一點(diǎn)也不”如：I can draw

42、 a little,but only as a hobby.我可以畫(huà)一點(diǎn)兒畫(huà)，但是僅僅是個(gè)愛(ài)好。    Its a little cold outside.外面有點(diǎn)冷。    He said he spoke a little English.他說(shuō)他會(huì)說(shuō)一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)。4）take the train乘火車17.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.因?yàn)槿颂?，所以我們等了一個(gè)多小時(shí)的火車。1）Wait for “等候”，其后可接人或物

43、。如：I ll wait for you at the door.    Tom was waiting for a bus over there.2）over：（prep.） a）“多于，超過(guò)，在以上（表示數(shù)目、程度）”= more than如：My father is over 40 years old.b)“在之上，與物體垂直且不接觸”，與 under 相反。 如：There is a map over the blackboard.c）“超過(guò)”： I hear the news over the radio. d）“遍及”：

44、I want to travel all over the world.3）too many，too much，much tooa）too many “太多”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 如：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.b）too much  “太多”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞或修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。 如：We have too much work to do.            Dont talk too much.c）muc

45、h too  “太”，修飾形容詞或副詞。   如：The hat is much too big for me.                 Youre walking much too fast.小結(jié)：分辨三者的口訣： too much, much too, 用法區(qū)別看后頭： much 后接不可數(shù)， too 后修飾形或副。      

46、;                 too many 要記住，后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。18.My father didnt bring enough money.我爸爸沒(méi)帶足夠的錢(qián)。1）bring、takeBring“帶來(lái)，拿來(lái)”如：Dont forget to bring your homework here tomorrow.不要忘了明天吧你的作業(yè)帶到這來(lái)Take“帶走，拿走”如：We will take the students to t

47、he museum.我們將帶學(xué)生到博物館去2）enougha）形容詞，“足夠的，充分的”，作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞如：We have enough time to do our homework.b）副詞，“足夠地，充分地”，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞，一般置于被修飾詞之后如：I know him well enough我對(duì)他足夠熟悉。19.Why not?為什么不呢？Why not do sth.為什么不做某事呢？ 如：Why not go to the party with me?   =Why dont you go to the party with me?20.Twen

48、ty minutes later, the sun started to come up.20分鐘后，太陽(yáng)開(kāi)始升起來(lái)了。Come up“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”如：Please let me know if anything comes up.如果發(fā)生什么事的話，請(qǐng)讓我知道。21.My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的雙腿太累了，以至于我都想停下來(lái)。Sothat：“如此以至于”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，句中的so是副詞，常常用該修飾形容詞或副詞。拓展：So that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，“以便，為了”如：He gets up early every morni

49、ng so that he can catch up the early bus.五、語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)1.復(fù)合不定代詞 定義a)復(fù)合不定代詞由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one構(gòu)成的合成詞。即：復(fù)合不定代詞：something,somebody,someone;anything,anybody,anyone;nothing,nobody,no one; everything,everybody,everyoneb) 它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但不能用作定語(yǔ)。用法(1) 受定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)應(yīng)置于其后。如：Tell us somethin

50、g interesting. 給我們講點(diǎn)有趣的事。There was nobody tired. 沒(méi)有一個(gè)人很累。    There is nothing to eat.這里沒(méi)有吃的東西。(2)指人的復(fù)合不定代詞若用作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，相應(yīng)的人稱代詞和物主代詞也用單數(shù) he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文體中常用復(fù)數(shù)代詞 they, them, their.如：If anybody /anyone comes, ask him /them to wait. 要是有人來(lái)，讓他等著。(3)anyone, everyone,someone,

51、no one:a)只能指人，不能指物;b)且其后一般不接of 短語(yǔ)。c)若是指物或后接 of 短語(yǔ)，可用 any one, every one (即分開(kāi)寫(xiě))?？键c(diǎn)要求(1)自身的意義以及對(duì)句式的要求：構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞的兩個(gè)部分分別表示不同的意義和對(duì)句式的要求以及考慮其表人還是表物。body用來(lái)表人；thing用來(lái)表物；one既可表人也可表物。some表示“某”，用于肯定陳述句或用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句中；any表示“某”，用于否定句或問(wèn)句；no表示“沒(méi)有”，用于肯定句說(shuō)明否定意義；every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或問(wèn)句。(2)主謂一致性關(guān)系：復(fù)合不定代詞任何時(shí)候都看為單數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用

52、第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：錯(cuò)：Everybody in our class are interested in English.  對(duì)：Everybody in our class is interested in English.(3)定語(yǔ)后置關(guān)系：對(duì)復(fù)合不定代詞進(jìn)行修飾的詞語(yǔ)必須后置放在它的后面。如：錯(cuò)：I have important something to tell you.  對(duì)：I have something important to tell you.(4)none和其它復(fù)合不定代詞的用法區(qū)別：none在句中不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)，但可同of連用帶名詞一起作

53、主語(yǔ)；其它復(fù)合不定代詞可單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)，但不能同of連用。如：錯(cuò)：He is new here, so none knows him.對(duì)：He is new here, so no one knows him.錯(cuò)：Nobody of them has been to England before.對(duì)：None of them has been to England before.(5)代換復(fù)合不定代詞的人稱代詞：在使用人稱代詞代換復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮其表人還是表物。表人時(shí)，用they代換；表物時(shí)，用it代換。如：Something is wrong with your computer, isn

54、t it? Nobody has been there before, have they?注意：熟記以下短語(yǔ)搭配1. anything but 并不，一點(diǎn)也不                             2. nothing but僅僅.；只不過(guò).只有3. something/anything

55、of（略有；多少）                      4. much of（大有）5. nothing/ little of（全無(wú)；毫無(wú)）                    &#

56、160;      6. something like（似乎；略微）如：He is something of a philosopher.他略具哲學(xué)家風(fēng)范。He has seen something of life. 他略具閱歷。He is very much of a poet. 他大有詩(shī)人氣派。He is nothing of a musician. 他全無(wú)音樂(lè)家的風(fēng)味。He is little of a scholar. 他幾無(wú)學(xué)者風(fēng)度。It shaped something like a cigar. 其形狀略似雪茄。 He&

57、#39;s anything but diligent.他并不用功。The boy is nothing but a rascal.這個(gè)男孩是個(gè)小淘氣。 There was nothing but silence in the room.  這間屋內(nèi)聲息全無(wú)，一片寂靜補(bǔ)充：1.second to none獨(dú)一無(wú)二的                      

58、     2.all to nothing一定3.for nothing徒勞，免費(fèi)                              4.be nothing to對(duì).無(wú)所謂5.to say nothing of更談不到.   &#

59、160;                      6.go for nothing白費(fèi)；沒(méi)有價(jià)值7.have nothing to do but do sth.只能做.                   8

60、.there is nothing to do sth.沒(méi)什么好.11.nothing but僅僅.；只不過(guò).；只有                   12.nothing if not非常.e to nothing沒(méi)有結(jié)果；失敗               

61、0;      14.think nothing of認(rèn)為.算不了什么15.have nothing to do with和.無(wú)關(guān)                       16.there is nothing in it.那根本沒(méi)有道理21.anything but 并不，一點(diǎn)也不   如：He'

62、;s anything but diligent.他并不用功。22.nothing adj to do “沒(méi)什么事可做”如：I have nothing special to do this afternoon.今天下午我沒(méi)有什么特殊的事要做。23.nothing but“只有，除.之外什么也沒(méi)有”；24.have nothing to do but do sth.“只能做某事”=have no chance but to do sth.如：I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。    I had nothing to do but watch TV.w我只能看電視了。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞1）規(guī)則變化直接加ed：work- worked  以e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d：live -lived以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed：study-studied以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed：enjoy -enjoyed以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母+ed： stop-stopped2）不規(guī)則變化現(xiàn)在式 過(guò)去式 中文意思  現(xiàn)在式 過(guò)去式&#