英語畢業(yè)論文8098全英文：淺談詩歌的定義

1、淺談詩歌的定義【摘 ?！吭姼枋且环N語詞凝練、結(jié)構(gòu)跳躍、富有節(jié)奏和韻律、高度集屮地反映?；詈捅磉_(dá) 思想感情的文學(xué)體裁。本文著重語詞、內(nèi)涵等方面分析詩歌的特點(diǎn)，使讀者對詩歌的概念和 基本特征有一個(gè)宏觀認(rèn)識?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】詩歌；定義definition of poetryrobert pinsky once said: “poetryis an ancient art or technology: older than the computer, older than print, older than writing and indeed, though some may find this surp

2、rising, much older than prose i presume that the technology of poetry, using the human body as its medium, evolved for specific uses; to hold things in memory, both within and beyond the individual life span; to achieve intensity and sensuous appeal; to express feelings and ideas rapidly and memorab

3、ly; to share those feelings and ideas with companions, and also with the dead and with those to come after us：poetry is one of the most ancient literary forms. it appeared thousands of years ago in the world as a form of literature. in china, there is book of poetry; in greek, there is homer epic. p

4、oetry is one of the earliest literary forms in ancient india, egypt and rome in britain, the earliest epic is beowulf written in anglo-saxon period ever since then, people in all works of life, especially those educated, sensitive men, care about poems simple poems even can interest children, becaus

5、e poetry can bring pleasant sensation to them. people regard the poetry as the main thing of individual life. poetry also has its special value to our spiritual life. it plays a very important role in our life .it cares all kinds of experiences; no matter this experience is happy or unhappy, special

6、 or ordinary, noble or humble, realistic or imaginative. in poetry, this kind of experiences, even the unfortunate ones, can become objects for peopled appreciation although such experiences cannot bring pleasant sensation in real life, they can enjoy the readers with the form of poetry. thus, poetr

7、y gives us vitality and enjoyment. just as william wordsworth once said: npoetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emo

8、tion, kindred to that which was the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind”(from preface to lyrical ballads). through reading poetry, we may understand more deeply about human's feelings and furthermore about life itself.poetry uses a kind of

9、condensed language to show life or feelings, or some other things. in this point, poetry is quite different from prose and novels, so understanding poetry is much more difficult than understanding prose and novels i can say poetry is the art of literature, using fewest words to express utmost meanin

10、gs poetry is the mirror of our life. no matter which nation it is, once opening its poems, we may find poems recorded every rising and declining of historical period of each nation. reading poetry, we can know history, politics, economy, reform etc of different countries in various periods the poeti

11、c history is also the nation's development process. while expressing ideas or feelings or some other meanings, poets often depend on some literary techniques, such as meter, natural cadences, rhyme or metaphor etc. thus, poetry can express profound meanings in a disguised way.poetry is also the

12、philosophy of life. many sentences of poems become mottos, which leave lasting reputation in the whole world. it has even become the legacy of all human beings. for example, in shelley's ode to the west, there is a famous sentence: "oh, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind?"

13、 this famous saying has encouraged many people in the world. when they face difficulties, or they are in miserable time, they will think of it as encouragement to lighten their forward way. in this way, we can say that the poem is the important legacy of all human beingsthe following part is an exam

14、ple to see what the real poem is. after analyzing this poem, we may have a clear understanding about the definition of the poem. here is a poem:the faithful swallowby thomas hardywhen summer shoneits sweetest onan august day,"here evermore/5i said, “i'll stay;not go awayto another shoreas f

15、ickle they!"december came:"twas not the same!59i did not knowfidelitywould serve me so.frost, hunger, snowand now, ah me,too late to go!this poem contains only a few words. it is about a swallow which did not migrate with the other birds, and is now suffering in despair in the cold winte匚

16、some of the words, such as “faithful二 “fickle" and “fidelity”，may remind you of the way we talk about love and marriage .in fact, the poem is about people in love, and uses the swallow as an image the poem has two stanzas, and there is a gap between them. the first section shows that the summer

17、 fidelity seems right and good, and the second section shows that fidelity has brought suffering and despair when winter comes. here we can see that the different sections of a poem always relate to each othe匚 in this poem, the first section is about summer and hope; the second section is about wint

18、er and despai匚 so the two sections of this poem contrast with each other. they are set in opposite seasons, and express opposite feelings about fidelity. through rereading the poem, i found more details fit into the contrast structure: on the one side summer “shone" its “sweetest in “august”； o

19、n the other side, "december" was "frost, hunger, snow". contempt for other swallows in summer changes to envy them in winte匚 the season, emotions and opinions are all part of the basic contrast which gives shape to the poem.based on what we have talked above, we may find the them

20、e of this poem, which is also the writer's purpose “the faithful swallow" is about peopled hopes and disappointments, and expresses the contrast between them. hardy contrasts the bright idealistic hopes people have when they are young with the misery and despair they come to in the end. the

21、 sudden opposition between the two stanzas adds to the effect of the poem, because it expresses how hope is crushed by cruel experience, very starkly and suddenly. in real life hardy may have learned the misery of disappointment over many years of slow change as he grew older. in the poem the sharp

22、contrast between the two stanzas heightens the painfulness of disappointment by making it seem to happen in a moment.usually speaking, the swallow is quite an ordinary bird in our mind. but in this poem the author endows the swallow some other meanings we can see it clearly even from the title “the

23、faithful swallow". then after reading and analyzing this poem, the reader may think carefully whether to be faithful is on earth good or not. “to be faithful leads the poor swallow into the misery. the same things often happen in our real life. sometimes we do something faithfully and meet trou

24、ble. thus we can see that poetry can generate our imagination. we may think more about what the life is, and what kind of attitude we should have toward life. this is the basic function of poetry-to educate people, and enrich their life experienceunderstanding poetry relies on treating poems as cris

25、es from unwritten stories, so we may find the elements which together make up the experience the poem conveys however, in some poetry, the vital elements are expressed in images rather than direct language. then we must rereading the poem and find what the image represents remember: poets do not mak

26、e their experiences live in characters or a story; poetry explains its meaning in any pattern of words which evokes a feeling and communicates the poet's complex idea .it is necessary to be flexible, therefore, in approaching poems.from what we have discussed above, we can see that every word, e

27、very sentence of poem, must reach its utmost intensity. that is to say, it must be different from common language in expressing ideas poets should use source materials as much as possible offered by the language itself, and then based on some literary techniques such as association, imagination, simile, metaphor, contrast, comparison, rhyme, sarcastic, etc as well as some life experience to express the underlying meanings the successful poems have no extra word. the good poem is just like a tree, which forms its own structure and organizes by itself. the good poem is also an organism, in whic