英語(yǔ)高考全國(guó)卷與福建卷的差異及備考策略

1、高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷與福建卷的不同及備考建議福州學(xué)大教育孫瑞芬福建省自2004年開(kāi)始語(yǔ)文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語(yǔ)科口的自行命題，2005年擴(kuò)大到理 綜和文綜。明年改用全國(guó)卷，是自行命題11年后的回歸。無(wú)論是全國(guó)卷還是福 建卷，所依據(jù)的考試大綱都是一樣的，不過(guò)，在更細(xì)致的考試說(shuō)明里，全國(guó)卷的 考查范圍更大，在難度要求上會(huì)冇所不同。一、總體分析1、考點(diǎn)變化試卷結(jié)構(gòu)有較大調(diào)整，新題型亮相。全國(guó)卷取消了單項(xiàng)選擇題，取而代之的 是一篇200字左右的文章的語(yǔ)法填空。閱讀理解福建卷是5篇，全國(guó)卷是4篇閱 讀+篇七選五的閱讀，短文填詞改為短文改錯(cuò)，此外題型順序也調(diào)整為聽(tīng)力， 閱讀理解，完形填空，語(yǔ)法填空，短文改錯(cuò)和書(shū)面表達(dá)。2

2、、試卷結(jié)構(gòu)全國(guó)英語(yǔ)卷i英語(yǔ)試卷由四部分組成：第一部分聽(tīng)力（30分），第二部分閱讀理解（包含閱讀和七選五，40分），第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（包含完形填空和語(yǔ)法填空，45分），第四部分寫(xiě)作（包含短文改錯(cuò)和書(shū)面表達(dá)，35分），總分150分。3、分值構(gòu)成序 號(hào)棋塊分類題型名稱本題型分h占分比例題目數(shù)重占分值1聽(tīng)對(duì)話選i個(gè)小題7.55%每小題1,5分第詔分聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)材料選幾個(gè)小 題->r 15%15每小題1.5分3第二部分第一節(jié)（四篇閱讀）3020%15母小題2分4（共兩節(jié).第二節(jié)（七選五）1005%毎小題2分第二部分第一節(jié)完形境空3020%20每小題1 、分6知識(shí)運(yùn)用第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法壩空1510%10每小題

3、1,分第四部分第一節(jié)短文改 錯(cuò)106.5%10每小題1分s寫(xiě)作第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)2517%125分二、備考策略1、聽(tīng)力福建一直沿用全國(guó)卷的高考聽(tīng)力，繼續(xù)注重學(xué)生辨別基木的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的能力, 又考查學(xué)生的理解推斷能力。既強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言的交際功能，也不忽略語(yǔ)言的文化內(nèi)涵。 語(yǔ)速中等稍快，大約每分鐘150詞，美式語(yǔ)咅為主，總時(shí)長(zhǎng)在18分15秒至18 分50秒直接，錄音文字稿的總詞數(shù)在900詞左右。因此，在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中，我們有如下建議：（1）養(yǎng)成良好的聽(tīng)的習(xí)慣，包括良好的心態(tài)，用英語(yǔ)思維，邊聽(tīng)邊記，帶著 問(wèn)題積極傾聽(tīng)等。做聽(tīng)力題學(xué)會(huì)摘錄，記關(guān)鍵詞和主題，如用sth代替something, 用csp代替especia

4、lly等，不要求完整，只起提示作用，口己能看懂就行；（2）精聽(tīng)泛聽(tīng)冇機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)。精聽(tīng)每個(gè)詞，每個(gè)短語(yǔ)。泛聽(tīng)以掌握文章整體 意思為主。選擇信息點(diǎn)豐富，選項(xiàng)干擾強(qiáng)的材料；（3）培養(yǎng)自己短吋記憶力；（4）重視跨文化背景知識(shí)，提高聽(tīng)力綜合索質(zhì)。2、閱讀理解全國(guó)卷所選材料通常較短，不超過(guò)350個(gè)單詞，材料來(lái)源廣泛，圖書(shū)，報(bào)刊 及其他宣傳材料都有，題材豐富，包括日常生活，科普，人物傳記，史地知識(shí)等, 體裁固定，有記敘文，說(shuō)明文，應(yīng)用文。（1）認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)鞏固中學(xué)階段全部考綱詞匯，特別是人教版必修和選修模塊。（2）加強(qiáng)對(duì)課文的朗讀，提高閱讀速度。（3）培養(yǎng)閱讀能力和技巧，掌握快速閱讀，掃讀，導(dǎo)讀，細(xì)讀的方法，細(xì)

5、 節(jié)題要特別注意換形式表達(dá)（意譯，釋義，改寫(xiě)，轉(zhuǎn)述）（4）鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生課外廣泛閱讀，了解出題者意圖，積累做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（5）七選五題型，建議教師和考生更加注重題材的選擇，注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)文 中細(xì)節(jié)的把握，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)某段文字的總結(jié)能力。注意觀察設(shè)空的位置，尋 找規(guī)律。通常段首設(shè)空，是主題句或屮心句，段中設(shè)空，不是承上啟下就是補(bǔ)充 說(shuō)明，段尾設(shè)空，是總結(jié)歸納，首尾呼應(yīng)。3、完形填空一直是學(xué)生的丟分點(diǎn)。好多學(xué)生不能照顧整篇文章，對(duì)一些語(yǔ)境的理解不是 很到位。老師和學(xué)生應(yīng)該加大完形填空的練習(xí)，注意文章的題材和體裁都要多樣 性，對(duì)一些難做對(duì)的題要反復(fù)研究，爭(zhēng)取在完形填空上面多拿分。4、語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空在全國(guó)卷

6、i試卷中是2014年第一次作為考查題型，語(yǔ)法填空考查 的知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較全而，分布比較合理?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、副詞、冠詞、連詞、非謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、名詞和形容詞，當(dāng)然，動(dòng)詞考得最多。語(yǔ)法填空總 體給人的感覺(jué)是不難，學(xué)生應(yīng)該很容易的做岀正確答案，考題述是重基礎(chǔ)，只要 學(xué)生們細(xì)心，看仔細(xì)每一道題，相信本題的得分率應(yīng)該不低。5、短文改錯(cuò)全國(guó)卷t短文改錯(cuò)試題歷年來(lái)考查方向和方式?jīng)]冇變化，短文改錯(cuò)難度系數(shù) 不大，學(xué)生容易下手?？键c(diǎn)分布均勻，學(xué)生容易察覺(jué)地考杳介詞、代詞、連詞、 名詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、冠詞的固定搭配，都是細(xì)小的知識(shí)，稍不注意就漏掉了一個(gè) 點(diǎn)。因?yàn)楦腻e(cuò)更加考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，雖然簡(jiǎn)單

7、，但在改錯(cuò)題上，學(xué) 生還是會(huì)拉開(kāi)一定的距離。建議教師和考生可以將此題型結(jié)合語(yǔ)法填空并行教與學(xué)，互相呼應(yīng)，彼此促 進(jìn)。找出它們共同的解題技巧，讓學(xué)生多做練習(xí)，爭(zhēng)取短文改錯(cuò)和語(yǔ)法填空都能 提咼。6、書(shū)面表達(dá)全國(guó)卷的作文考查內(nèi)容依舊貼近考生生活，提示內(nèi)容少，基本以要點(diǎn)形式呈 現(xiàn)，考生要適當(dāng)添加細(xì)節(jié)，這是非常典型的半開(kāi)放作文。而我們?cè)缇鸵呀?jīng)進(jìn)入開(kāi) 放思維模式。所以對(duì)我們而言不會(huì)冇多少難度。訓(xùn)練的重點(diǎn)還是要放在抓基礎(chǔ)詞匯鞏固和五個(gè)基本句型的寫(xiě)作上，然后再展 開(kāi)，力求地道，通順。正確使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，運(yùn)用高級(jí)詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)，提 高文章檔次。總之，不管是全國(guó)卷，福建卷，試題雖然有變化，但我們備考述是需耍抓

8、基 礎(chǔ)，復(fù)習(xí)突出重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，彌補(bǔ)漏洞，提高“考點(diǎn)識(shí)別，尋找已知條件，拍 錯(cuò)求證”的思維能力，以有效提高高考成績(jī)。（后面附15年高考全國(guó)卷1英語(yǔ)試題，知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)百勝）2015年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（新課標(biāo)i）英 語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1. 本試卷分第i卷（選擇題）和第ii卷（非選擇題）兩部分。第i卷1頁(yè)至10頁(yè)，第 ii卷11頁(yè)至13頁(yè)。2. 答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名，準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在木試卷相應(yīng)的位置。3. 全部答案在答題卡上完成，搭載木試卷上無(wú)效。4. 第i卷聽(tīng)力部分滿分30分，不計(jì)入總分，考試成績(jī)錄取吋提供給高校作參考。5. 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第i卷第一部分 聽(tīng)力

9、（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，現(xiàn)將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案 轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）（略）聽(tīng)下而5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的a,b,c三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出戢佳 選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都冇10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答冇關(guān)小題和 閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例： how much is the shirt?a. £ 195b.£9.18c.£95答案是c。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給

10、的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（a、b、c、和d）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答 題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。amonthly talks at london canal museumour monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first thursday of each month except august.admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book. they end around 21:00.november 7ththe canal pioneers, by chris lewis. james brin

11、dley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers he was also a major player in training others in the art of nanal planning and building. chris lewis will explain how brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineersdecember 5山ice for t

12、he metropolis, by malcolm tucker. well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, malcolm will explain the history of importing natural icc and the technology of building icc wells, and how london's icc trade grew.febmary 6山an update on the cot

13、sword canals, by liz payne the smoudwater canal is moving towards reopening. the thames and severn canal will take a little longer. we will have a report on the present state of playmarch 6山eyots and aits- thames islands, by miranda vickers. the thames had many islands. miranda has undertaken a revi

14、ew of all of them. she will tell us about those of greatest interest.online bookings:.uk/bookmore into:.uk/whatsonlondon canal museum12-13 new wharf road, london ni 9rt.uk www.canalmuseu m.mobitel:020 力 13083621. when is the talk on james brin

15、dley?a. february 6th.b. march 6th.c. november 7th.d. december 5th.22. what is the topic of the talk in february?a. the canal pioneers.b. ice for the metropolisc. eyots and aits- thames islandsd. an update on the cotsword canals23. who will give the talk on the islands in the thamesa. miranda vickers

16、b. malcolm tuckerc. chris lewisd. liz paynebthe freezing northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to sarasota, florida, my bags were packed before you could say "sunshine" i left for the land of warmth and vitamin c（維牛索

17、 c）, thinking of beaches and orange trees when we touched down to blue skies and warm air, i sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets（at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon） filled the weekend, but the best part- particularly to my taste, dulled

18、 by months of cold weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the sarasota farmers9 market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.the market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m, rain or shine, along north lemon and state street

19、s. baskets of perfect red strawberries, the red-painted sides of the java dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened（蔓上成熟白勺）promise, fve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years no matter how attractive th

20、ey look in the store, once i get them home they9re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. but i homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the brown's grove farm's stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. these were the real deal- and at that moment, i realized

21、that the best part of sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in new york i wouldnt be experiencing again for months.delighted as i was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when i learned that brown's grove farm is one of the suppliers for jack dusty, a newly o

22、pened restaurant at the sarasota ritz carlton, where- luckily for me- i was planning to have dinner that very night. without even seeing the menu, i knew fd be ordering every tomato on it.24. what did the author think of her winter life in new york?a. exciting.b. boringc relaxing d annoying.25. what

23、 made the author's getting up late early worthwhile?a. having a swim.b. breathing in fresh air.c. walking in the morning sun.d. visiting a local farmer's market26. what can we learn about tomatoes sold in new york in winter?a. they are softb. they look nice.c. they taste great.d. they are ju

24、icy.27. what was the author going to that evening?a. go to a farm.b. check into a hotel.c. eat in a restaurant.d. buy fresh vegetablescsalvador dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. the pompidou centre in paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his po

25、werful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 20() paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly the persistence of memory. there is also l'enigme sans fin from 193& works on pape

26、r, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist showman qualitiesthe visitor will enter the world of dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth the exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visi

27、tor exiting through the brain.the exhibition shows how dali draws the viewer between two infinities (無(wú)限) "from the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing flemish accuracy and the showy baroque of old painting that he used in his museu

28、m-theatre in figueras explains the pompidou centrethe fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration （合作）with the museo nacional reina sofia in madrid, spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the salvador dali museum in st. petersburg28. which of the following b

29、est describe dali according to paragraph 1?a. optimisticb. productive c. generous. d. traditional.29. what is dali's the persistence of memory considered to be?a. one of his masterworks.b. a successful screen adaptation.c. an artistic creation for the stage.d one of the beat tv programmes30. how

30、 are the exhibits arranged at the world of dali?a. by popularity.b. by importance.c by size and shaped by time and subject.31. what does the word "contributions5 in the last paragraph refer to?a. artworks. b projectsc donationsd. documentsdconflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe la chope th

31、is evening, as on every thursday night, psychologist maud lehanne is leading two of france's favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the "talking cure： here they arc learning to get in touch with their true feelings it isn't always easy. they customers-some thirty parisians who pay just

32、under $2 （plus drinks） per session-care quick to intellectualize （高談闊論），slow to open up and connect. "you are forbidden to say 'one feels/ or 'people thinklehane told them. "say 'i think/ "think me'."a cafe society where no intcllcctualizing is allowed? it couldn&

33、#39;t seem more un-frcnch but lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: it's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes over the years, parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the french lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger

34、 generation desire to spend more time at home dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.32. what are people encouraged to do at the cafe la chope?a. learn a new subjectb ke

35、ep in touch with friends.c. show off their knowledged. express their true feelings.33. how are cafes affected by french lifestyle changes?a. they are less frequently visitedb. they stay open for longer hours.c. they have bigger night crowds.d. they start to serve fast food.34. what are theme cafes e

36、xpected to do?a. create more jobs.b supply better drinksc. save the cafe business.d. serve the neighborhood.35. why are psychology cafes becoming popular in paris?a. they bring people true friendshipb. they give people spiritual supportc. they help people realize their dreams.d. they offer a platfor

37、m for business links.笫二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選 項(xiàng)。building trust in a relationship againtrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 that is a risk. but you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an a

38、ction where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.unfortunately, we've all been victims of betrayal whether we've been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. sometimes people simply can" trust anymore, 37. it's un

39、derstandable, but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. 38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being 39 if you've been betrayed,

40、you are the victim of your circumstance but there's a difference between being a victim and living with a uvictim mentality". at some point in all of our lives, we ji have our trust tested or violated. you didn5t lose "everything. once trust is lost, what is left? instead of looking at

41、 the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life 40_instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.a. learn to really trust yourself.b. it is putting confidenc

42、e in someonec. stop regarding yourself as the victim.d remember that you can expect the best in return.e. they've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.f this knowledge cames over in their attitude toward their future relationships.g. seeing the positive side of thin

43、gs doesnt mean you're ignoring what happened.第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題15分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（a、b、c和d）屮，選出可以填入空 口處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。my kids and i were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. on the way ,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ _41_ my job

44、family to feed."at this store, a 42_like this is not normal. my 10-ycar-old noticed him and make a43on how bad it must be to have to stand 44_ in the cold wind.in the store, i asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our "friend,9 therewould 46 they got apples, a sandwich and a b

45、ottle of juice then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47 i thought about it. we were 48 on cash ourselves, but. well, sometimes _49_ from our need instead of our abundance is _50_ what we need to do! all the kids 51 something they could do away with for the weekwhen we handed him the bag of 52 .

46、 he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes when i handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 54 his family might need, he burst into tears.this has been a wonderful _55 for our family for days the kids have been looking for others we can 56! things would have played out so 57 if i had simply s

47、aid, “no, wereally don?t have 58 to give more." stepping out not only helped a brother in 59、italso gave my kids the 60taste of helping others. if 11 go a long way with them.41. a. lostb. changedc. quitd. finished42. a conditionb placec. sightd. show43. a. suggestionb. commentc. decisiond. call

48、44. a. outsideb. proudlyc. byd. angrily45. a. drawb. sayc arranged. pick46. a. orderb. supplyc appreciated discover47. a. dollarb. jobc. hot meald. gift card48- a. easyb. lowc. softd. loose49. a. givingb. savingc. spendingd. begging5(). a. yetb.evenc. stilld. just51. a. declaredb.sharedc ignoredd. e

49、xpected52. a toysb. medicinec. foodd. clothes53. a. sleepyb. wateryc curiousd. sharp54. a. whoeverb. whateverc. whicheverd. whenever55. a. experienceb. examplec. messaged. adventure56. a. rely onb.respectc learn fromd. help57. a. suddenlyb. vividlyc. differentlyd. perfectly58. a. timeb. powerc. patienced. money59. a. fearb. lovec needd. memory60. a. strongb. sweetc. stranged. simple第ii卷第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié) 滿分55)第二節(jié) 閱讀下面材料，用不多于1個(gè)單詞的正確形式填空yangshuo,chinait was raining lightly when i_61_(a