初中過去完成時講解練習與答案（精編版）

1、. . 1 / 5 過去完成時一、過去完成時的概念與結(jié)構特點概念： 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作, 即過去的過去 past-in-the-past 。-|- |-|- 那時以前那時現(xiàn)在構成： 主語 +had+過去分詞 p.p , 其中 had 通用于各種人稱。they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. she had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.肯定句 ：主語 +had+過去分詞 . 否定句 ：

2、主語 +had+not+過去分詞 . 一般疑問句 ：had+主語 +過去分詞 ? 肯定回答： yes, 主語 +had 否定回答： no,主語 +hadnt 特殊疑問句 ：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句 had+ 主語 +過去分詞？被動語態(tài) ：主語 +hadhadnt+been+ 過去分詞二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù)1. 由時間狀語來判定一般說來 , 各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： 1 by + 過去的時間點。如： i had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. 2 by the end of + 過

3、去的時間點。如： we had learned over two thousand english words by the end of last term. 3 before + 過去的時間點。如： they had planted six hundred trees before last wednesday. 2. 由 過去的過去 來判定。過去完成時表示 過去的過去 , 是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作, 即動作有先后關系 , 動作在前的用過去完成時, 在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： 1 賓語從句中當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時, 且從句的動作先于主句的動作時, 從句要用

4、過去完成時。在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：she said that she had seen the film before. 2 狀語從句中在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中, 主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關系, 動作. . 2 / 5 在前的 , 要用過去完成時 , 動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：when i got to the station, the train had already left. after he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before,

5、 after 引導的時間狀語從句中 , 由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關系, 若主、從句表示的 動作緊密相連 , 則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：where did you study before you came here? after he closed the door, he left the classroom. 3 表示意向的動詞, 如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等, 用過去完成時表示 原本, 未能 we had hoped that you would come, but you

6、didnt. 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。i met wang tao in the street yesterday. we hadnt seen each other since he went to beijing. 三、過去完成時的主要用法1. 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束, 即發(fā)生在 過去的過去 。如：when i woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來時 , 雨已經(jīng)停了。主句的動作發(fā)生在 過去的過去 2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài), 表示的是 過去的過去 , 只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如：h

7、e told me that he had written a new book. 3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用, 它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在 。此時多與 already , yet , still , just , before , never 等時間副詞及 by , before , until等引導的短語或從句連用。如：before she came to china, grace had taught english in a middle school for about five years. peter had collected more than 300

8、 chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始, 一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間 , 而且動作尚未結(jié)束 , 仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： by the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. had worked 已有了 20 年, 還有繼續(xù)進行下去的可能5. 過去完成時還可用在hardly when , no soonerthan, it was the first time 等固定句型中。e.g ：hardly had h

9、e begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講 , 聽眾就打斷了他。no sooner had he arrivedthan he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。. . 3 / 5 it was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時 表示的動作發(fā)生在過去 , 但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響,與現(xiàn)在有關 , 其結(jié)構為 助動詞 have + 過去分詞 ；過去完成時 則

10、是一個相對的時態(tài) , 它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去, 更強調(diào) 過去的過去 , 只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時 , 才用到它。試比較：i have learned 1000 english words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學會了 1000 個英語單詞。i had learned 1000 english words till then. 到那時為止我已經(jīng)學會了 1000 個英語單詞。 im sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起 , 讓你久等了。 oh, not at all. i have been here only a few minutes. 沒什么 ,

11、 我只等了幾分鐘。等的動作從過去某一時間點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 john returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。 where had he been? 他去哪兒了？答語中使用過去完成時是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方 , 即 過去的過去 練習一單項選擇1he asked me _ during the summer holidays. a. where i had been b. where i had gone c. where had i been d. where had i gone 2. what _ jane _ by the time

12、he was sever? a. did, do b. has, done c did, did. d. had, done 3. i _ 900 english words by the time i was ten。a. learned b. was learning c. had learned d. learnt 4. she _ lived here for _ years. a. had, a few b. has, several c. had, a lot of d. has, a great deal of 5. by the time my parents reached

13、home yesterday, i _ the dinner already. a had cooked b. cooked c. have cooked d. was cooked 6. she said she _ the principle already a .has seen b. saw c. will see d. had seen 7. she said her family_ themselves _ the army during the war. a. has hidden, from b. had hidden, from c. has hidden, with d.

14、had hidden, with 8. by the time he was ten years old, he _. a. has completed university b. has completed the university . . 4 / 5 b. had completed an university d. had completed university 9. she had written a number of books _ the end of last year. a. for b. in c. by d. at 10. he _ to play _ before

15、 he was 11 years old. a had learned, piano b. had learned, the piano c. has learned, the piano d. learns ,piano. 11. what _ annie _ by the time he was ten? a. did, do b. did, did c. has, done d. had done 12 .he _ in the factory for three years before he joined the army. a. has worked b. works c. had

16、 worked d. will work 13. by the end of last week, they _ the bridge. a. has completed b. completed c. will complete d. had completed 14. ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football. a. a the b. the the c. / the d. the/15. by the time he was 4, he _ a lot of german words. a. had learn

17、ed b. has learned c. learned d. learns 16 .jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom. a. was left b. had left c. has left d. left 17.they _ in guangzhou since 2000. a. lived b. had lived c. have lived d. were living 18. the train from beijing_ ten minutes ago. a. has arrived b. was arriving

18、 c. arrived d. had arrived 19. the students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived. a . have cleaned b. had cleaned c. was cleaned d. have been cleaned 20. fergie _ the project in one hour. a. have finished b. will finish c. finishes d. has finished 21. the man _ his coat and went out. a. put o

19、n b. had put on c. will put on d. was putting on 二用動詞的適當形式填空1. we _ the house before we _ in. 2. that rich old man _ a will before he _ . 3. they _ the map of the country before they _ . 4. the robbers _ before the policemen_ . 5. i _ all the lights before i _ to bed. 6. paul _ out with jane after h

20、e _ a phone call. 7. tom _ he _ the book twice. 8. our plan _ because we _ a bad mistake. 9. when the chairman _ speaking, he _ the hall. 10.the reads _ _ lunch when i _ to their house. 11.when i _ at the station, he _ . 12.we _ about 4000 english words by the end of last term. . . 5 / 5 13. i waite

21、d until he _ his homework. 14. we were surprised at what she _already _ 15.she _ to qingdao because she _ there before. 三句型轉(zhuǎn)換1i had sold the ticket when she came.改否定句2.she had sung a song to us before she danced.改否定句3.they began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.否定4.by 10:00 a.m, i had been very h