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1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載定義:用于表達(dá)命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令,因此在學(xué)校文法中也常稱為命令句。祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z)是第二人稱,所以通常都省略。祈使句的動詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時,句末則使用句號來表示結(jié)束。祈使句主要有以下幾種:i. 肯定結(jié)構(gòu):1. do 型(行為動詞原形+ 其他)stand up! close the door, please. 祈使句中如有呼語,一定要用逗號隔開,放在句首或句尾。sally, put it on.= put it on, sally. 有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動詞可省略。如:this way, please. = go
2、this way, please. 請這邊走。2. be 型( be+形容詞 /副詞 /名詞 +其他)試譯 : 1)請安靜 ! be quiet,please./please be quiet. 2)對你的表弟要友好. be friendly to your cousin. 3)明天上午六點到這兒. be here at six tomorrow morning. 4)要做一個好孩子. be a good boy. 3. let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+ 動詞原形試譯: 1) 讓我來幫幫你。let me help you. 2) 讓她馬上就試一試吧。let her tr
3、y it at once. 【注意】有時,為了加強語氣,可以在動詞之前加do 或加 be sure to, 可譯作 “ 務(wù)必 ” , “ 一定 ”試譯 : 1) 務(wù)必再來。do come again. 2) 一定要寫信告訴我所有的消息。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載be sure to write and give me all the news. ii. 否定形式:1. do 型和 be 型的否定式都是在句首加dont 構(gòu)成。如: 不要忘記我 ! dont forget me! 上學(xué)不要遲到! dont be late for school! 2. let 型的否定式有兩種: let +us(me/him
4、/her/it/them)+ not+ 動詞原形don t let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+動詞原形e.g let s not say anything about it. don t let him go alone.iii. 其他形式的祈使句:1.用 no 開頭 ,用來表示禁止性的祈使句,尤其用于告示。1). no+v.-ing 禁止釣魚no fishing 禁止吸煙no smoking 2). no+ 名詞禁止拍照no photos 2.以 may 為句首的表示祝愿的祈使句may you + 動詞原形1) 祝你成功 ! may you succeed! 2) 祝你
5、一路平安! may you have a safe journey! iv. 使祈使句語氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)的方法: 請把你的字典借給我. please lend me your dictionary. = lend me your dictionary, please. v. 把祈使句變成反意疑問句. 1) 請開門吧 . open the door, will you/won t you? 2) 不要摸它 , 行嗎 ? don t touch it, will you? 學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3) 我們?nèi)ゴ蚧@球,行嗎 ? let s go and play basketball, shall we? 4)
6、我們晚飯后去散步,好嗎 ? let us have a walk after dinner, will you? vi. 祈使句有時相當(dāng)于一個引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句1) 把藥服了 , 你就會感覺好一些。take this medicine and you will feel better. =if you take the medicine, you will feel better. 2) 努力學(xué)習(xí) , 否則你就會不及格。work hard, or you will fail in the exam. =if you don t work hard, you will fail in the e
7、xam. 練習(xí)i. 將下列漢語翻譯成英語。1. 請照看好您的包。_. 2. 讓我們?nèi)W(xué)校吧! _! 3. 親愛的 ,高興點兒 ! _! 4. 不要把書放這兒。_. 5. 不要讓貓進來。_. ii. 單項選擇1. _ stand too close to north americans. give them more personal space. a. arent b. didnt c. wont d. dont 2. -is there a no. 2 bus stop near here? -yes, there is. _ at the second crossing, and you
8、will find it. a. turning left b. turn left c. to turn left d. turns left 3. _. the baby is sleeping. im sorry. a. not talk b. not talking c. dont talk d. cant talk 4. if the green light isn t on, _ a minute.a. wait b. waits c. will wait d. waiting 5. _ late for school again, tim! sorry, i promise th
9、at i _. a. don t; wontb. don t be; wontc. don t be; dontd. don t; will6. don t _ shy. everyone may make mistakes at the beginning.a. am b. is c. be d. are 學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載7. please . the boy is studying. a. not noisy b. don t noisy c. not to be noisy d. don t be noisy8. i m leaving now. _ you turn off the l
10、ights and the computer. a. to make sure b. make sure c. made sure d. making sure 9. tony, _, or you will get heavier. a. doesnt play sports any more b. doesnt eat so much meat c. dont play sports any more d. dont eat so much meat 10. don t _ too much t v. it s bad for your eyes.a. watching b. to wat
11、ch c. watch d. watches 11. would you please _ near the river? oh, sorry, i won t.a. not play b.don t playc. not to play 12. please don t make a noise. _ . i ll be as quiet as a mouse.a. yes, i do b. no, i dontc. yes, i will d. no, i wont13. _, please. k-e-y. a. what s thisb. spell it c. can you spel
12、l it d. what is it 14. _ play in the street. it s very dangerous. a. do b. not c. don t d. doesnt15. climb the tree! it s too small. come down quickly!a. dontb. isn tc. aren td. do 16. don t forget to close the door after school. _. a.ok, i wontb.ok, i will. c.yes, i do. d.no, i don t.18. -sorry for
13、 being late again. -_here on time next time, or you ll be punished.a. be b. being c. to be d. been 19. _ drive too fast .we have enough (足夠的) time to get there. a. not b. dontc. doesn t 20. boys and girls, _in bed. it s bad for your eyesa. not read b. doesn t read c. no readd. don t read學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載keys 1. please look after your bag2. lets go to school 3
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