八年級(jí)上英語(yǔ)第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)Where did you go on vacation?1.主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)：復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)復(fù)合不定代詞的用法反身代詞的用法近義詞的區(qū)別系動(dòng)詞的用法動(dòng)詞后的to do和doing的區(qū)別ed形容詞和ing形容詞的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成及不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)和連詞的選擇2.復(fù)合不定代詞用法：1） something, anything, nothing, everything是指物的不定代詞。2） somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, everybody, everyone是指人 的 不 定代詞。3） somewhere

2、, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere 是指地點(diǎn)的不定副 詞。4）當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞、不定副詞時(shí)，放于其后；something special; somewhere wonderful; anything interesting5）不定代詞、不定副詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如：Iseverybody here?大家都到齊了嗎？6） something, somebody, someone somewhere用干肯岸句及表示請(qǐng) 求或建議的疑問句中 .Why don't you visit someone with me?你為什么不跟我一起去拜訪下某個(gè)人

3、呢？（表建議）I bought something for my father侑定句）7） anything, anybody, anyone, anywhere用于否定句、疑問句及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。如：Did you do anything interesting?你做了有趣的事嗎？（表疑問）3 . ed形容詞與 ing 形容詞的區(qū)另U eg. Bored and boring; interested and interesting; excited and exciting ed 形容詞修飾的是人，而 ing 形容詞修飾的是物bored （adj）,意為 感到厭倦的、無(wú)聊的”某主語(yǔ)是某人；b

4、oring（adj）,意為 泠人厭倦的、無(wú)聊的”其主語(yǔ)是某物。如：I got bored with the boring work.我對(duì)這無(wú)聊的工作感到厭倦。4 .系動(dòng)詞的用法：1） seem to do sth.好像做某事如：They seem to wait for you.他們似乎在等你。2） seem （to be） +adj. 似乎如：He seemed （ to be） ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。3） It seems that + 從句似乎如：It seems that he was illyesterday.昨天他似乎病了。其他的系動(dòng)詞（后面直接加形容詞）有:

5、be ; feel（覺得）；keep （保 持）;stay（保持）;100k （看來(lái).）;smell （聞起來(lái)）sound（聽起來(lái) ） taste （嘗起來(lái)）Eg: keep/stay healthy; taste good .5 .反身代詞的用法：myself , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself, herself, itself,themselves.1) 作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)：經(jīng)常在 enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce,dress, kill等動(dòng)詞和 by, for, to, of等介詞后作賓語(yǔ)。He is

6、 teaching himself English她在 自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。She was talking to herself 自言 自語(yǔ)。He lives by himself in the country他獨(dú)自住在鄉(xiāng)下。2)有關(guān)反身代詞的短語(yǔ)：1) Help yourself!請(qǐng)隨便吃吧！ /請(qǐng)自己去取吧！2) Make yourself at home!別客氣！3) make yourself heard /understood.使你的話被人聽得見/理解4) teach oneself 自學(xué)=learn by oneself5) by oneself 獨(dú)自6) for oneself為自己； 替

7、自己7) enjoy oneself 玩的愉快8) dress oneself給自 己穿衣9) 近義詞的區(qū)別1) get to/reach/arrive 都是到達(dá)的意思get to+地點(diǎn)=reach+地點(diǎn)=arrive at+地點(diǎn)(小)=arrive in+地點(diǎn)(大) 注意：若他們后面要加地點(diǎn)副詞here, there, home等，則不需要加介 詞。2) few與little的區(qū)別:肯定否定許多可數(shù)A fewfewQuite a few不可數(shù)A littlelittleQuite a littlequite a few 與 quite a littlequite a few意為 很多;不少”

8、，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；quite a little意為 很多;不少”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。a. He stays here for days.b.There is water in the bottl 子).3) because of +名詞/代詞/名短I had to move because of my job.因?yàn)楣ぷ鞯脑騜ecause + 從句I do it because I like it.我做這件事是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g4) so - .that; suchthat (如此 以至于)so+形/副+that 從句:She is so popular that everyone likes her

9、.such+名短 + that 從句:She is such a popular girl that everyone likes her.5) too mamy; too much; much tootoo many +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 意為 太多”He always has too many questions to ask me.too much +不可數(shù)名詞意為 太多.”I have too much homework to do today.much too + 形容詞意為太This book is much too useful.7. 一般過去時(shí)1） .和一般過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Ye

10、sterday morning/afternoon/ evening, just now, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last month/ week/ night/year/ summer/Thursday, a moment/half an hour/three years ago, in 19992）如何判定一般過去時(shí) 句中有“介詞+表示過去時(shí)間的數(shù)詞或名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，如in 1949, on March5,1920 等Therewas only one school in our hometownin 1982. 句中有“一段時(shí)間+ag

11、o”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，如five years ago, two years ago 等。He came to the school three years ago. 句中有“ last +表示時(shí)間的名詞”，如;last year, last month等We visited the Great Walllast Sunday. 句中有表示“過去”的詞語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)，如once（曾經(jīng)），at that time, just now（剛才）I went to your classroom just now. 倆個(gè)或倆個(gè)以上的詞用and連接，如果前一個(gè)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)， 后面動(dòng)詞也用一般過去時(shí)They talk

12、ed,laughed, and walked to the v川age.如果句子中找不到明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷How long did you live here?I lived here for about one year.8. 一般過去時(shí)的規(guī)則詞和不規(guī)則詞的變化1）.直接力口 ed,如：work-worked .2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，加d.如live-lived3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，把y變i ,力口 ed.如study-studied4）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的,直接加ed, enjoy-enjoyed不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)中文意思Is , amwas是Arewere是be

13、ginbegan開始buildbuilt建筑buybought買cancould能catchcaught抓comecame來(lái)cutcut切digdug挖Do,doesdid做drivedrove開車winwon贏telltold告訴maymight可能meanmeant意味著meetmet見面putput放readread讀riderode騎runran跑saysaid說(shuō)seesaw看sellsold賣sendsent發(fā)送shakeshook搖singsang唱sleepslept睡覺smellsmelt聞eatate吃feelfelt感覺到fightfought打斗findfound找flyflew飛speakspoke說(shuō)sitsat坐9.感嘆句常用的感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：1) What+adj.+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！2) What+a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！3) How +adj. +a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！4) How+adj./adv. + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)！eg: I.What an interesting book it is! = How interesting a book is! 刃 B 本書多么有趣?。? .a clever girl she is!A.Who B.Wha