高三英語 復習與訓練五動詞

1、高三英語復習與訓練五動詞5. 動詞 1） 表示動作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞。2） 根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是：實義動詞、系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞。說明：有些情況下，有些動詞是兼類詞。例如： we are having a meeting. 我們正在開會。（have是實義動詞。） he has gone to new york.他已去紐約。（have是助動詞。）3） 動詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動詞、不及物動詞，英語縮寫形式分別為vt. 和vi.。說明：同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞，有時可用作不及物動詞。例如： she can dance and sing. 她能唱

2、歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動詞。） she can sing many english songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動詞。）4） 動詞根據(jù)是否受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，可分兩類，分別是：限定動詞、非限定動詞例如： she sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主語she的限制，故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。） she wants to learn english well. 她想學好英語。（to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動詞。） 說明：英語中共有三種非限定動詞，分別是：動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞。5） 根據(jù)動詞

3、的組成形式，可分為三類，分別是：單字詞、短語動詞、動詞短語例如： the english language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英語里有許多短語動詞和動詞短語。（contains是單字動詞。） students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 學生們學會查字典。（look up是短語動詞。） the young ought to take care of the old. 年輕人應照料老人。（take care of是動詞短語。）6） 動詞有五種形態(tài)

4、，分別是：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞。 5.1 系動詞 系動詞亦稱聯(lián)系動詞（link verb），作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補語），構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說明：有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語。例如： he fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系動詞，后跟補足語，說明主語情況。） he fell off the ladder. 他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。例如：he is a tea

5、cher.他是一名教師。（is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。）2）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如：he always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。this matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。3）表像系動詞用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。例如：he looks tired. 他看起來很累。he seems （to be） very sad. 他看起來很傷心。4）感官系

6、動詞感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如： this kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。 this flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。5）變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如： he became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。 she grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止

7、動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達"證實"，"變成"之意。例如： the rumor proved false.這謠言證實有假。 the search proved difficult.搜查證實很難。 his plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結果） 5.2 助動詞 1）協(xié)助主要動詞構成謂語動詞的詞叫助動詞。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞。助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用。例如： he doesn't like english.他不喜歡英語。（doesn'

8、;t是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義）2） 助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來： a. 表示時態(tài)。例如：he is singing.他在唱歌。he has got married.他已結婚。 b. 表示語態(tài)。例如：he was sent to england.他被派往英國。 c. 構成疑問句。例如：do you like college life?你喜歡大學生活嗎？did you study english before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎？ d. 與否定副詞not合用，構成否定句。例如：i don't like him. 我不喜歡他。

9、 e. 加強語氣。例如：do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。he did know that. 他的確知道那件事。3） 最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。 5.3 助動詞be的用法 1） be +現(xiàn)在分詞，構成進行時態(tài)。例如：they are having a meeting.他們正在開會。english is becoming more and more important. 英語現(xiàn)在越來越重要。2）be + 過去分詞，構成被動語態(tài)。例如：the window

10、 was broken by tom.窗戶是湯姆打碎的。english is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英語。3） be + 動詞不定式，可表示下列內(nèi)容： a. 表示最近、未來的計劃或安排。例如： he is to go to new york next week.他下周要去紐約。 we are to teach the freshmen.我們要教新生。 說明： 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時態(tài)表達法。 b. 表示命令。例如： you are to explain this.對此你要做出解釋。 he is to come to the office t

11、his afternoon.要他今天下午來辦公室。 c.征求意見。例如： how am i to answer him?我該怎樣答復他？ who is to go there?誰該去那兒呢？ d. 表示相約、商定。例如： we are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。 5.4 助動詞have的用法 1）have +過去分詞，構成完成時態(tài)。例如： he has left for london.他已去了倫敦。 by the end of last month, they had finished

12、 half of their work. 上月未為止，他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半。2）have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞，構成完成進行時。例如： i have been studying english for ten years. 我一直在學英語，已達十年之久。 3）have +been +過去分詞，構成完成式被動語態(tài)。例如： english has been taught in china for many years. 中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。 5.5 助動詞do 的用法 1）構成一般疑問句。例如： do you want to pass the cet?你想通過大學英語測試嗎？ did you

13、 study german?你們學過德語嗎？2）do + not 構成否定句。例如： i do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批評。 he doesn't like to study. 他不想學習。 in the past, many students did not know the importance of english.過去，好多學生不知道英語的重要性。3） 構成否定祈使句。例如： don't go there.不要去那里。 don't be so absent-minded.不要這么心不在焉。說明： 構成否定祈使句只用do，不

14、用did和does。4）放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。例如： do come to my birthday party.一定來參加我的生日宴會。 i did go there.我確實去那兒了。 i do miss you.我確實想你。5）用于倒裝句。例如： never did i hear of such a thing. 我從未聽說過這樣的事情。 only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of english. 進了大學以后，我們才認識到英語的重要性。說明： 引導此類倒裝句的副詞有never, sel

15、dom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。6）用作代動詞。例如： - do you like beijing?-你喜歡北京嗎？ - yes, i do.-是的，喜歡。（do用作代動詞，代替like beijing.） he knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何開車，對吧？ 5.6 助動詞shall和will的用法 shall和will作為助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構成一般將來時。例如：i shall study harder at english. 我將更加努力地學習英語。he will go to sha

16、nghai.他要去上海。說明：在過去的語法中，語法學家說shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱?，F(xiàn)在，尤其是在口語中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動詞，試比較: he shall come.他必須來。（shall有命令的意味。） he will come.他要來。（will只與動詞原形構成一般將來時。） 5.7 助動詞should, would的用法 1）should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，只用于第一人稱。例如： i telephoned him yeste

17、rday to ask what i should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周干什么。 比較："what shall i do next week?" i asked. "我下周干什么？"我問道。 可以說，shall變成間接引語時，變成了should。2） would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，用于第二、第三人稱。例如： he said he would come. 他說他要來。比較："i will go," he said. 他說："我要去那兒。"變成間

18、接引語，就成了he said he would come。原來的will變成would，go變成了come.。 5.8 短語動詞 動詞加小品構成的起動詞作用的短語叫短語動詞。例如：turn off the radio.把收音機關上。（turn off是短語動詞）短語動詞的構成基本有下列幾種：1）動詞+副詞，如：black out；2）動詞+介詞，如：look into；3）動詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構成短語動詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞。 5.9 非謂語動詞 在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式，動名詞，

19、和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。1）不定式時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done 2）動名詞時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done 3）分詞時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定形式： not +不定式，not + 動名詞，not + 現(xiàn)在分詞 5.10 助動詞練習1.if it is fine tomorrow, we _ a f

20、ootball match.a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has2.when he was at school, he _ early and take a walk before breakfast.a. will rise b. shall rise b. should rise would rise3.in the past 30 years china _ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.a. has made b. have made

21、 c. had made d. having made4.i _ go to bed until i _ finished my work.a. dont/had b. didnt/have c. didnt/had d. dont/have5._ you think he _ back by dinner time?a. do/have come b. did/will have come c. does/will come d. do/will have come6.he said that he dropped his bag when he _ for the bus.a. was r

22、uning b. was running c. were running d. is running7.no sooner _ he arrived home than he _ to start on another journey.a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked8.“_ you give me a room for the night?” i asked on arriving at the hotel.a. should b. can c. might d. may9.there a

23、re nine of them, so _ get into the car at the same time.a. they may not at all b. all they may not c. they cant all d. all they cant10.“we didnt see him at the lecture yesterday.” “he _ it.”a. mustnt attend b. cannot have attended c. would have not attended d. neednt have attended11.“you realize tha

24、t you were driving at 100 mph, dont you?”“no, officer. i _. this car cant do more than 80.”a. didnt need to be b. may not have been c. couldnt have been d. neednt have been12.he was a good runner so he _ escape from the police.a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able to13.if they _, our plan wi

25、ll fall flat.a.are co-operating b. had not co-operated c. wont co-operate d. didnt co-operate14.i hoped _ my letter.a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answers d. her answering15.he _ live in the country than in the city.a. prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather16._ to s

26、ee a film with us today?a. did you like b. would you like c. will you like d. have you liked17.im sorry, but i had no alternative. i simply _ what i did.a. must do b. had to do c. ought to have done d. have to do18.“time is running out,_?”a. hadnt we better got start b. hadnt we better get startb. h

27、adnt we better get started d. hadnt we better not started19.no one _ that to his face.a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say20.the students in the classroom _ not to make so much noise.a. need b. ought c. must d. dare21.you _ last week if you were really serious about your work.a. o

28、ught to come b. ought to be coming c. ought have come d. ought to have come22.the elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers.a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed23.“i wonder why theyre late.” “they _ the train.”a. can have missed b. could miss c. may have missed d. might miss2

29、4.“tom graduated from college at a very young age.” “he _ have been an outstanding student.”a.       must b. could c. should d. might25.you _ the examination again since you had already passed it.a. neednt have taken b. didnt need to take c. neednt take d. mustnt take26.he i

30、s really incompetent! the letter _ yesterday.a.       should be finished typing b. must be finished typingb.      must have finished typing c. should have been finished typing27.the boy told his father that he would rather _ an astronaut.a. become b. to b

31、ecome c. becoming d. became28.when we reached the station, the train had still not arrived; so we _.a. needed not to hurry b. neednt have hurried c.need not to have hurried d. didnt need to hurry29.since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend,_ you like to have dinner with us tonight?a. w

32、ill b. wont c. wouldnt d. do30.he was afraid what he had done _ a disastrous effect on his career.a. might have b. could be c. have been d. shall be31.he _ hardly say anything more, since you know about it.a. dont need to b. neednt c. needs d. need32.you _ the look on his face when he won the prize.

33、a. would have seen b. should have seen c. must see d. can be seeing33.some people think the stock market will crash, but _.a.       i wonder if it happens b. i doubt if it will happenc. i am afraid it wouldnt happen d. i doubt if it does happen34.“whatever has happened to ge

34、orge?” “i dont know. he _ lost.”a. can have got b. may have got c. might get d. could get35.he has no idea what the book is about. he _read the book.a. couldnt b. couldnt have c. mightnt have d. shouldnt have36.new studies show that two of saturns rings _ longer than the 4.5 billion years since the

35、birth of the solar system.a. could have lasted b. should have lasted c. would have lasted d. must be lasting37.take the telescope with you in case you _ it in your expedition.a. will need b. would need c. should need d. could need38.need he come at once? yes, he _.a. must b. must not c. need d. may3

36、9.please answer the phone. it _ be by your father. if it is, would you tell that i want to see him?a. will b. should c. would d. could40.well never give in whatever they _ say or do.a. may b. will c. shall d. should41.with all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night.a. mustnt go b. wouldnt

37、go c. oughtnt go d. shouldnt have gone42.everyone _ the cake because there wasnt even a small piece left.a. must like b. must have liked c. must have been liking d. had liked43.i wish to recollect where i met her, _?a. would i b. may i c. may not i d. can i44.i _ think he will _ dare the risk.a. not

38、/ . b. do/not c. ./not d. dont/.45.if reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it _ be active.a. may not b. must c. might d. is not46.you _ your seats today if you want to go to the game.a. had better to reserve b. had better reserve c. had to better reserve d. had to reserve better

39、47.i _ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.a. would rather not have b. would not rather hadb. rather would not have d. rather not would have48.many scientists _ their own eyes and ears than the theories of the ancients.a. would rather to believe b. would rather believe c. rather would be

40、lieve d. will rather believe49.to travel from england to scotland you _ a passport.a. havent got b. mustnt have c. neednt d. dont need50.one of the statements _ to be untrue.a. is turned out b. has turned out c. have been turned out d. have turned out51.i dont know whether it will rain or not, but i

41、f it _ rain, i shall stay at home.a. will b. did c. does d. shall52.“youd like some tea,_?”a. wouldnt you b. shouldnt you c. hadnt you d. didnt you53.“may we take the books out?”a. no, you may not b. no, you can not c. no, you cant d. please dont54.“i would have come sooner, but i _ that you were wa

42、iting.”a. didnt know b. hasnt known c. hadnt know d. havent known55.if you dont want to, you _ to get there with us.a. mustnt b. cant c. dont have d. have not56.i would go to visit them but i _ think they are anxious to see me.a. havent b. dont c. doesnt d. didnt57.whatever you can do,_.a. i can do

43、so as well b. i can do this as wellb.i can do it as well d. i can do as well58._- i realized the consequences i would never have contemplated getting involved.a. had b. have c. having d. has59.“perhaps she is working for john.” “yes, she _ for him.”a.need have been working b. may be working b.ought

44、have been working d. ought be working60.“i know she was in because i heard her radio, but she didnt open the door.” “she _ the bell.”a. may not be hearing b. may not have heard b.must not have heard d. must not be hearing61. “he was smoking.” “then he _ .”a.ought to have been not smoking b. ought to

45、 have not been smokingb.ought not to have been smoking d. ought to not have been smoking62.you _ out yesterday without a coat. no wonder you caught cold.a. oughtnt have gone b. shouldnt have gone c. mustnt have gone d. cant have gone63.“paul was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by

46、 the trailer of a lorry.”“he _ a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed.”a. shouldnt have been riding b. couldnt have been ridingc.oughtnt have been riding d. cant have been riding64.i am listening. but you _.a. need be listening b. should be listening c. need have been listening d. ou

47、ght be listening65.he _ with us last night.a.would have liked to go b. should like to be goingb.should be liked to go d. would like to go66.i _ his face when he opened the letter.a. should like you to see b. would have liked you to be seenb.should like you to have seen d. would like you to see67.you say you _ do it, but i say you _ do it.a. ought not/could b. will not/shall c. could not/need d. shall not/ought68.we _ put the meeting off for a week.a. can as well b. wi