[精選]初一、初二英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)--資料

1、初一、初二英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞的變化來(lái)表現(xiàn)的，通過(guò)觀察一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的不同形式可以看出句子的時(shí)態(tài)，表明發(fā)生的時(shí)間。有些時(shí)態(tài)可以通過(guò)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)確定，有些則根據(jù)常識(shí)來(lái)確定。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示方法： 主語(yǔ)除了三單以外的人稱用動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)是三單 （ he, she, it,人名、 物名）時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的表示方法與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是一樣的，即動(dòng)詞的三單。動(dòng)詞的三單變化： 一般在動(dòng)詞后加 -s; 以 s, x, o, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加es;以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的，變 y 為 i,再加 es; 以 f, fe 結(jié)尾的變 f, fe 為 v, 再加 es。2. 哪些情況下用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1） 表示

2、經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually,always, seldom,every，sometimes,every day/morning/Sunday, on Sunday等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：a. He goes to school every day.他每天去上學(xué)。b. He is very happy.他很開(kāi)心。c. The earth moves around the sun.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 （特性）2) 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, we ll h

3、ave如a果meeting你今天下.午過(guò)來(lái)，我們將開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。b. When I graduate, I ll go to countryside畢業(yè)后.我要去鄉(xiāng)下。3) 有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、 規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 （句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） ，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如： begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如：a. The meeting begins at seven.會(huì)議七點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。b. The rain starts at nine in the morning.上午九點(diǎn)開(kāi)始下雨。4) 表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的

4、動(dòng)詞(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound等) 常用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。a. I like English very much.我非常喜歡英語(yǔ)。b. The story sounds very interesting.這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。總的說(shuō)：表示習(xí)慣、愛(ài)好、頻率（經(jīng)常、總是、偶爾）、規(guī)律、事實(shí)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3. 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句1 ） be 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am, is, are否定句：在am, is, are加 not一般疑問(wèn)句：把a(bǔ)m, is, are提到句首I am a teacher.I m not a

5、teacher .Are you a teacher?She is a beautiful girl.She isn ta beautiful.Is she a beautiful girl?They are careful students.They aren tcareful students.Are they careful students?2 ）實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句：主語(yǔ)除了三單以外的人稱用動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)是三單（動(dòng)詞的表示方法與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是一樣的，即動(dòng)詞的三單。否定句：三單在動(dòng)詞原形前加doesn t, 其余人稱加don t疑問(wèn)句：一般在句首加Do, 三單在句首加Does

6、后動(dòng)詞還原。he, she, it,人名、物名）時(shí)，I like English.I dontlike English.Do you like English?My mother teaches English.My mother doesntteach EnglishDoes your mother teach English?二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法1. 表示方法：用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的表示方法：be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：was, were實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：一般在動(dòng)詞后加-ed;以 e 結(jié)尾的加 -d,為 i 加 ed, 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母加ed.特殊的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式如tak

7、e-took等要記憶。以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的，變y2.哪些情況下用一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now, once例如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： yesterday, last week,等。例如：Where did you go just now?剛才你上哪兒去了？2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。Whenever the

8、Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那時(shí)，布朗一家無(wú)論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。3）在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由 when 引導(dǎo)從句的瞬間性動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。I was watching TV when the rainstorm suddenly came.(瞬間性動(dòng)詞 )Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.( 瞬間性動(dòng)詞 )4）注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

9、用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。例如：Could you lend me your bike?你的自行車(chē)，能借用一些嗎？could, would重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)一下，used to / be used toused to + do： "過(guò)去常常 " 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例如：Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過(guò)去沒(méi)那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫過(guò)去常常散步。be used to + doing ：對(duì) 已感到習(xí)慣，或 "習(xí)慣于 "，to 是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞

10、。例如：He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。典型例題- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- It's 69568442.A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't答案 A. 本句雖沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但從語(yǔ)意上看出，在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句was, were的否定句直接在后面加not,實(shí)意動(dòng)

11、詞的否定句在動(dòng)詞原形的前面加疑問(wèn)句把was, were提前。didn t, 疑問(wèn)句在句首加Did后動(dòng)詞還原。She was a teacher three years ago.She was not a teacher three years ago.Was she a teacher three years ago?I watched TV yesterday evening.I didn twatch TV yesterday evening.Did you watch TV yesterday evening?三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式“ will

12、或 shall +動(dòng)詞原形”；表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事，或某種跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事，其表達(dá)形式“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”。 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow (morning/afternoon/evening)； next year/month/weeka. Look at the clouds in the sky! It is going to rain.要下雨了。 ( 跡象 )b. We are going to have a meeting today.我們今天要開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。 （打算）C. We will have a meeting next Sunday.(將來(lái) )2

13、. 在 When, as soon as, if 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，時(shí)態(tài)是主將從現(xiàn)。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, we ll have如a果meeting你今天下.午過(guò)來(lái)，我們將開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。 b. When I graduate, I ll go to countryside畢業(yè)后.我要去鄉(xiāng)下。 C. I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示方法： am/is/are （助動(dòng)詞）否定句：am/is/are +not+v-ing疑問(wèn)句：把a(bǔ)m/is/are提到句首2

14、. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成+v-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞 )一般在動(dòng)詞后加-ing如： work - working ， sleep - sleeping ， study -studying ;以 e 結(jié)尾的去 e 加 ing take -taking ， make -making ， dance -dancing;重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母，再加-ing cut - cutting put - putting begin -beginning以-ie 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把變成 y 再加 -ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying 3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)

15、間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now,其它詞如： look, listen 等。She is watering the flowers.Are they working now?They are listening to the teacher.2) always 用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中，表示表?yè)P(yáng)、批評(píng)、抱怨、責(zé)備等口吻。They are always comparing them with other children.He is always helping others when they are in trouble.3) 有些動(dòng)詞即趨向性動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。這些動(dòng)詞是：

16、 come, go, leave, plan, 等。 I am leaving tomorrow.I am going to Singapore next week.五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示方法： was/were （助動(dòng)詞） +v-ing否定句： was/were+not+v-ing疑問(wèn)句：把 was/were 提到句首1.過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)his time yesterday，at ten o'clockyesterday，at that time ， when he came back 等。.We were reading in class this

17、 time yesterday2. 用于 when, while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中.I was drawing a picture when the teacher came in.Aron s arm was caught under a 2000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himselfin the mountains.(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 )While you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.Bens dad was putting pieces of

18、wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的表示方法：have/has（助動(dòng)詞） +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞否定句： have/has（助動(dòng)詞） +not+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞疑問(wèn)句：把have/has 提到句首。2. 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成方法一般的和動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的變化是一樣的，特殊的需要記憶。1. 過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)already， just ， before， never ， ever

19、, for three years，since 1990，these days2. 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)I've already posted the letter.We have known each other for ten years.They lived here since 1997.Have you ever been to Beijing?2.have been to與 have gone to的區(qū)別have been to表示去了某地已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，have gone to表示去了某地還沒(méi)有回來(lái)I m very tired because I have

20、 just been to London.-Where is Miss Smith?-She has gone to the library.練習(xí)一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1 He_swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)2. It_you are right. ( seem )3. Look, the children _ basketball on the playground. ( play )4 .He_to the radio when I came in, ( listen )5 .It is very cold .I thi

21、nk it _. ( rain )6. I need some paper .I _some for you . ( bring )7. I can t find my pen . Whoit? ( take )8. I_my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose ) 9.He_down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )10.I_with you if I have time . ( go )11.We will go to the cinema if it_tomorrow . (rain )12.

22、I will tell her the news when she_to see me next week. (come)14.I will tell her the news when she_to see me next week. (come)15.“ When_ you_the car ?”“ In 1998 .” ( buy )16.We_good friends since we met at school .（ be）17.What_you_ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)18.The bike is nice . How much _it_

23、? (cost)二、選擇最佳答案填空（ ） 1.Well go swimming if the weather _fine tomorrow.（ ） 2. It_five years since he has left for Beijing.（ ） 3. Please don t leave the office until your friend_back.A. cameB. comesC. have comeD. will come()4. I will tell him as soon as he _ backA. comeB. comesC. will comeD. came() 5

24、. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them.A. tries buys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trysbuies（ ） 6. Listen ! Someone_in the next room .（ ） 7.You must tell him the news as soon as youhim.（ ） 8.We_to the Great Wall several times.（ ） 9. As she_the newspaper, Granny_asleep.A. read , was fallingB. fellC. was

25、reading , was fallingD. read , fell()10. He usually _ TV on Sunday evening.A. watchB. watchesC. watchingD. is watching()11. We'll go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow.A. snowB. snowsC. will snowD. snowed() 12. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day.A. carryB. bringC. takesD. carrie

26、s() 13. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games.A. swimming playingB. swimming plaiingC. swimming I playingD. swimming plaing()14. Look ! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ .A. playing danceB. playing dancingC. play dancingD. play dance() 15. He _ to do his lessons at eight e

27、very evening.A. is beginningB. is beginningC. beginD. begins()16. _ he _ on well with his friends this term ?A. Does getsB. Does getC. Is gettingD. Is geting()17. Mr Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days.A. is wr iting is writingB. is writing writesC. writes is writingD. writes writes

28、()18. _ you _out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I _.A. Did went wentB. Did go wentC. Did went didD. Did go did()19. _ Jack _ on with his work or _ to have a rest?A. Did went stoppedB. Did go stopC. Did went stop D.Did go stoppe()20. He _ some cooking at that time, so _ me.A. did heard B. did didn't hearC. was doing heard D. was do