過去完成時講解及練習(xí)

1、過去完成時講解及練習(xí)一、過去完成時的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點 概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|- |-|->那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 構(gòu)成：過去完成時由“助動詞 had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中 had 通用于各種人稱。 如：They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù)

2、 1. 由時間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時間點。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時間點。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過去的時間點。如： They had planted six hundred trees be

3、fore last Wednesday. 2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。 過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： （1）賓語從句中 當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. （2）狀語從句中 在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的

4、，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如： Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left

5、the classroom. （3）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本，未能"如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過去完成時的主要用法 1. 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去

6、某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”） 2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ，

7、before ， never 等時間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of

8、last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進行下去的可能）四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞 have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。試比較： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 10

9、00 個英語單詞。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。 I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動作從過去某一時間點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪兒了？（答語中使用過去完成時是指約翰在 returned

10、 home 之前去了哪些地方，即“過去的過去”） 五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。試比較： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。如： She

11、 was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.例題解析： 1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing. A. studied, had gone     B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes   

12、60;  D. had studied, had gone解析："他去北京之前在上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了4年 "。在上海學(xué)習(xí)的動作發(fā)生在去北京之前，因此第一個空應(yīng)用過去完成時。此題選B。2. Mary said it was at least five years since he _ a good drink. A. enjoyed     B. was enjoying   C. had enjoyed   D. would enjoy解析：It was + 時間段+since 引導(dǎo)的從句中用

13、過去完成時。應(yīng)選C。3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months. A. has been in    B. had been in   C. had been to   D. had gone to解析："小培說她去了海南三個月  "。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暫性的動詞短語。所以適應(yīng)表示狀態(tài)的have been in. 應(yīng)選B.鞏固練習(xí)一. 單項選擇1 He asked me _ during the summer h

14、olidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _

15、 years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her fa

16、mily _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the university C. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had writte

17、n a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .H

18、e _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the t

19、he C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were

20、living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finis

21、h C. finishes D. has finished21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23. Dad _ while he _ TV.A .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatched C. fell aslee

22、pwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched二. 用動詞的適當形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) a

23、ll the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get

24、) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before.16. He _(not tell)

25、 you the news yet. 17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing).3句型轉(zhuǎn)換1I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）_2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改

26、否定句）_.3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定）_4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑問）_5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑問）_6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑問）_7.He had broken his arm w

27、hen I saw him.（對劃線部分提問）_8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （對劃線部分提問）_9.Jack didnt go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （對劃線部分提問）_10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （對劃線部分提問）_.11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. （對劃線部分提問）_12.We cooked the

28、 dumplings. We ate them up. （用過去完成時連接兩句）_13.Jims father mended the car. It was broken. （用過去完成時連接兩句）_14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用過去完成時連接兩句)After we _, we _ 15.He showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用過去完成時連接兩句)Before he _, he_.1. 單項選擇1 A2. D3. C4. A5. A6. D7

29、. B8. D9. C10. B 11. D 12 . C13. D14. D15. A 16 . D 17. C18. C19. B20. B21. A22C23. C2.用動詞的適當形式填空1. had painted， moved2. had made， died3. had studyed，left4. had run away ，arrived 5. turned of，fwent6. Went，made7. Said， had read8. Failed，had made9. Finished，left10. were having ，got11. Arrived，had left12.