生物質(zhì)能利用技術(shù)PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1生物質(zhì)能利用技術(shù)生物質(zhì)能利用技術(shù)第1頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第2頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第3頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第4頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第5頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第6頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第7頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第8頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第9頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第10頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)流態(tài)化過(guò)程流態(tài)化過(guò)程 第11頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)（ a ）密度小的物體浮起；（）密度小的物體浮起；（ b ）表面保持水平；（）表面保持水平；（ c ）小孔噴出；）小孔噴出；（ e ）床面自動(dòng)找平；（）床面自動(dòng)找平；（ f ）床層靜比差）床層靜比差 氣體流化床類似液體性質(zhì)的示意圖氣體流化床類似液體性質(zhì)的示意圖第12頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第13頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第14頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第15頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第16頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第17頁(yè)

2、/共54頁(yè)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)有機(jī)有機(jī)污染物污染物沼氣沼氣技術(shù)技術(shù)肥料肥料沼氣沼氣第18頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第19頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第20頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)三農(nóng)問(wèn)題生態(tài)家園富民計(jì)劃西部開(kāi)發(fā)第21頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第22頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)BiochemicalBCombustionGasificationDEthanolElectricityElectricityAlt. Liquid fuelsBagasse, Trashadvanced technology options第23頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)P(yáng)retreatmentFermentationRecovery &DistillationEnzymeproductionSol

3、idsseparationSteam & powergenerationEthanolProcess steam & electricity Raw BiomassHydrolysisCombining of two steps proposed: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation SSFCombining of three steps proposed: consolidated bioprocessing CBPMay 2009 study from U.S. National Academy of Science

4、s:Ethanol yield with current known technology: 260 liters/dry t biomassFuture-technology yield: 330 liters/dry t biomass第24頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)Air, O2, and/or steamBagasse, TrashGasification(1 to 30 bar)Drying SizingGas cleaningGas TurbineHeat RecoverySteam TurbineElectricityProcess steamBGCCWater Gas Shift(CO+H2

5、O H2+CO2)CatalyticSynthesisDistillation or RefiningCO2 RemovalSteam & PowerGenerationProcess steam/elec. LiquidFuelCO, H2, CH4, CO2Biomass to LiquidsFermentationDistillation or RefiningSteam & PowerGenerationProcess steam/elec. AlcoholsHybrid thermochem/biochem fuels production (one example)

6、第25頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第26頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第27頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第28頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)年份年份谷物價(jià)格谷物價(jià)格（美元（美元/蒲式耳）蒲式耳）石油價(jià)格石油價(jià)格（美元（美元/桶）桶）石油石油-谷物價(jià)格比谷物價(jià)格比（蒲式耳（蒲式耳/桶）桶）19501.891.71119804.7035.71819903.0922.99719954.8217.20420003.1028.20920053.9052.2013注：注：1 1蒲式耳（蒲式耳（BUBU）=8=8加侖加侖(gal)=35.24(gal)=35.24升（美制）升（美制） 第29頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第30頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第31頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第32頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第33頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)

7、第34頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第35頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第36頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第37頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)產(chǎn)出品產(chǎn)出品植物植物平均生產(chǎn)量平均生產(chǎn)量（升（升/ /公頃）公頃）當(dāng)量汽油當(dāng)量汽油（升（升/ /公頃）公頃）比例系數(shù)比例系數(shù)乙醇乙醇（熱值是汽（熱值是汽油的油的67%67%）甜菜甜菜67036703449144911.081.08甘蔗甘蔗62136213416241621 1木薯木薯38453845257625760.620.62甜高粱甜高粱35113511235223520.5650.565玉米（美國(guó)）玉米（美國(guó)）33213321222522250.5350.535小麥（德國(guó)）小麥（德國(guó)）25992599174117410.4180.418生物生物柴油柴油（熱值是柴（熱值是柴油的油的90%90%）棕櫚油棕櫚油47094709423842381 1可可籽可可籽25182518220622060.4520.452油菜籽油菜籽9589588628620.20.2花生花生8448447607600.1770.177向日葵向日葵7687686916910.160.16大豆大豆5245244724720.110.11多種植物的乙醇和生物柴油單位面積產(chǎn)出比較 第38頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第39頁(yè)/共54頁(yè)第40