外文翻譯--城市道路線位選擇之要點(diǎn)

1、.Main Points of Choice of the Urban Road Line1. The overviewAs one of the products of social development and one of the main component elements of modern cities, the urban road has respect to the coordination and sustainable development of cities and shows the cities potential of economical and cult

2、ural development. The original network of urban road needs to be programed and adjusted again , especially owning to the rapid expansion of cities and the great increase of the number of cars in recent years. The urban road is not a seperated object any more, and its development is increasingly rest

3、ricted by other factors of city develpoement. Therefore, the line-bit choice should show the coordination and integration between roads and the environment. The reasonable line-bits will have a positive impact on the economy,society, environment and peoples life. On the contrary, the unreasonable li

4、ne-bits will influence the surroundings of them and bring some side effects.2. The comparison and selection of line-bitsWith the increasing importance attached on such issues as sustainable develpoement, environment protection and land usage, the thinking modes of road design should be changed, from

5、 only emphasizing the cost of initial construction stage to considering the cost of both construction and operation, only the safety and interest of the users to the feelings of other residents and the public, only the visible terrain and objects on the ground to the construction conditions such as

6、geology, historical relics and mineral resources, only the coordinative design among the roads themselves to the coordinative reseach between roads and their such surroundings as natrue, ecology, society and humanity. The comparison and selection of line-bits means that the designer, in his day-to-d

7、ay job, compares the different lines in different aspects and chooses the most economical, practical,and reasonable one which also meets the countrys relevent standards and policies. However, the selection is made with the designers overall consideration of the economy, cultrue, environment, pedestr

8、ian, safety and road-intersection, and under the premise of not having influence on the publics life and economic develpement.3. The main points.At present, the line selection in the design of urban road is not only a purely technical proof process of the line-bit comparison and selection, but also

9、a process of implementing the pre-planning.At the same time,it needs the respect for natural environment,the adoption of public opinion,the prudence of demolition works and the consideration of economic interests of the parties, especially the protection for water resources and cultural relics. Only

10、 the above points having been finished, the selected road line could receive broad supports,reflect the planning intention, promote local economic development, and improve the function of urban road network. 3.1. The implementation of the pre-planningThe choice of urban road lines should be based on

11、 the reasonable plan of urban land usage and urban road network.And it is necessary to consider both the urban land usage and urban road network. In recent years, with the rapid development of urban construction,the phenomenon that urban planning can not keep up with urban construction frequently ap

12、pears, which also has led to many reconstruction and waste of resources. How to find a better mode of operation to minimize the losses, is the first issue worthwhile exploring in the urban construction planning. Only having the full knowlegde of pre-planning intention and understanding of the funtio

13、n of project planning, can people imlpement the planning better.3.2. Respect for natural environmentAccording to "the report on China's ecological problems ",ecological damage caused by the construction of road transportation and developing of mineral resources has become one of the ma

14、in reasons for the deterioration of ecological environment, and intends to be more and more serious. General designers are accustomed to "dig roads in mountains and build bridge over waters". This has resulted in that it will take a long time for the completion of infrastructure projects,t

15、he large tracts of vegetation and Original topography to recover or not resume, or even resulted in a series of environmental disasters . The awareness which the designers need to establish is that road is a part of the whole environment of its location,so when we select and design the road lines,we

16、 should attach importance to the protection of and respect for the environment so as to make the environment better ,but rather damage the surroundings. Therefore, as a responsibile designer,one needs to tirelessly and repeatedly optimize the line programs.Line selection embodies respect for the nat

17、ural environment at the following points:1.Take up less arable land; keep away the basic protected farmland;2.Evaluate on the basis of environment;keep away the sore piont of environment;3.Conform to the topography and geomorphology; reduce the high filling and deep digging.3.4. Prudence of demoliti

18、on works According to the previous experience on engineering, the problem of removal and compensation is often an important factor influencing the project advancement. Therefore, we should pay attention to the road line-bit as much as possible to avoid dense building areas and to reduce the cost of

19、demolition and resettlementthe. When we have to demolish some buildings,we should try our best to carry on the country's resettlement subsidy policy, and we need to not only safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the demolition parties, but also guarantee the smooth progress of constructio

20、n projects. "The Property Law of People's Republic of China " was put in practice on October 1, 2007.Later on, the demolition for urban road construction or land development should be considered more carefully. 3.5 The consideration of economic interests of the partiesIn the process of

21、 selecting road lines scheme, on the premise of standard meeting, if the alignment of road is bad, its investment is small; if the alignment is good, the investment is large; if the investment is small, its enforceability is poor;if the investment is large, its operability is high. All these make it

22、 difficult to set down which one is better. “The Guide for New Concept of Highway Design” which is compiled by the Ministry of Transportation has proposed to establish a design concept of “the cost of full life-cycle”,thats to say, the road lines should be intercompared in such stages as constructio

23、n, maintenance, operation and management,and both the construction cost and operating cost should be taken into account. In addition,we need to carry out the economic analysis in the feasibility study for the roads construction,and to carry out the analysis in terms of economy and social benefits wh

24、en comparing the schemes of parts of the road, so that the line-bit and its technical indicators could be settled down by its service level and the benefits for economy and society. .3.6 The protection for water resources At present, our countrys intensity of controlling water pollution is increasin

25、g year after year, and people have realized that the seriousness of ecological deterioration caused by water pollution. So when reservoirs, lakes and other water bodies get involved in the process of line selection, we should pay special attention to whether these water bodies are the residentsdrink

26、ing water sources or not. Because the water on the pavement will cause contamination, direct discharging the above water bodies will damage the water resources and threat the lives of urban residents. Therefore,when setting down the lines,we must give priority to protecting the water resources,set t

27、hem down at the lower reaches of water bodies or beside the protection line of water resources.Under some special circumstances such as having to build a bridge over the water or set down the line at the upper reaches,we should carry out especial drainage design, make the water on pavement be discha

28、rged and disposed seperately ,and arrange the preplans for the accidents caused by the hazardous chemicals,in order to ensure the water safety.3.7. The protection for cultural relics If there is a cultural relic in the area going to be used for road constrution or within the demolition site,we have

29、to evaluate the level of the cultural relic according to Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics, decide whether adjust the line-bit or not ,because the cultrual relics can not be randomly dismantled or demolished,and appearance be destroyed. Only with the appr

30、oval of relevant departments,the licensing authorities can issue the permits for construction or demolition.3.8.Other factors In the process of choosing the urban road lines, we may come across some other factors. On that conditon, we must considerate comprehensively and emphasize some point, and se

31、lect the best line, on the premise that the project is practical, as the recommended line to advance the project . 4. Conclusion The line-bit seems simple, but in fact there are a lot of knowledge storing up in it. Not all the points mentioned above may arise in the process of choosing the urban roa

32、d lines , but it is likely to encounter more problems that are more complicated.And these problems are always contradictary:if you intend to protect the water resources,the range of demolition may increase;if you try to protect the environment, the investment may raise. Therefore, after so many cpmp

33、arisions and various opinions of the natives being taken into account, setting down the final practical program is a hard and complicated process of selecting. as a responsible road designer, we must consider all these factors and choose the best and use it.城市道路線位選擇之要點(diǎn)1、概述城市道路是社會(huì)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，是現(xiàn)代城市的重要組成部分，關(guān)

34、系到一個(gè)城市的協(xié)調(diào)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，也體現(xiàn)出一個(gè)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化發(fā)展的潛力。特別是由于近年來國(guó)內(nèi)許多城市規(guī)模的快速擴(kuò)張，汽車保有量的大幅增長(zhǎng)，原有的城市路網(wǎng)需要重新規(guī)劃、調(diào)整。城市道路已不是一個(gè)孤立的客體，它的發(fā)展越來越受到城市發(fā)展中的其他因素的制約。線位選擇應(yīng)能體現(xiàn)道路與環(huán)境的相互協(xié)調(diào)、相互統(tǒng)一。合理的線位對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、生活和環(huán)境都會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極的影響；反之，線位不合理將對(duì)道路周邊環(huán)境產(chǎn)生干擾，帶來一些負(fù)面影響1。2、線位比選隨著對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、環(huán)境保護(hù)和土地資源利用等問題的日益重視，道路設(shè)計(jì)思路需進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)變：由以往的只注重工程初期建設(shè)成本，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻y(tǒng)籌考慮建設(shè)成本和運(yùn)營(yíng)成本；由只注重道路使用者的安全和利益

35、，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橥瑫r(shí)兼顧考慮路外居民和公眾的感受；由只注重地面可見地形地物的控制，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)地面以下的地質(zhì)、文物、礦藏等建設(shè)條件的重視；由只注重道路自身各專業(yè)間的協(xié)調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽⒅貙?duì)道路與沿線自然、生態(tài)、社會(huì)、人文等周邊環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)研究。線位比選是指在日常設(shè)計(jì)工作中，綜合考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、環(huán)境、行人、安全、道路交叉等各方面因素，結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際情況，在不影響當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娚睢⒔?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的前提下，多線位比選、多方面比較，得出一個(gè)最經(jīng)濟(jì)、最可行、最合理同時(shí)滿足國(guó)家相關(guān)規(guī)范、政策的線位。3、要點(diǎn)目前城市道路設(shè)計(jì)中進(jìn)行的線位比選不僅是一個(gè)純技術(shù)線位論證比選的過程，更是一個(gè)對(duì)前期規(guī)劃落實(shí)的過程，同時(shí)需要對(duì)自然環(huán)境的尊重、對(duì)公

36、眾意見的采納、對(duì)拆遷工程的慎重、對(duì)各方經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的斟酌，更需要對(duì)水資源和文物古跡的保護(hù)。只有做到以上幾點(diǎn)，比選出來的道路線位才能得到廣泛的支持，才能體現(xiàn)規(guī)劃意圖，促進(jìn)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，完善城市路網(wǎng)功能。3.1、對(duì)前期規(guī)劃的落實(shí)城市道路線位應(yīng)以合理的城市土地利用規(guī)劃和城市路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃為前提，要把城市土地利用和城市路網(wǎng)有機(jī)結(jié)合起來考慮。近年來，隨著城市建設(shè)的突飛猛進(jìn)，城市規(guī)劃趕不上城市建設(shè)的現(xiàn)象頻頻出現(xiàn)，由此也造成了大量的重復(fù)建設(shè)和資源浪費(fèi)。如何尋找更好的操作模式，將損失降到最小，是城市建設(shè)規(guī)劃中值得探討的問題。只有充分了解前期規(guī)劃意圖，理解項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃功能，才能更好地結(jié)合現(xiàn)狀來落實(shí)規(guī)劃方案。3.2、對(duì)自然環(huán)

37、境的尊重根據(jù)中國(guó)生態(tài)問題報(bào)告：道路交通工程建設(shè)、礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)等引起的生態(tài)破壞已成為生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化的主要原因之一，并且呈加重和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。一般設(shè)計(jì)者的習(xí)慣思維是“逢山開路，遇水架橋”，這就造成基建工程完成后，大片的植被和原生地貌需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能恢復(fù)或根本無法恢復(fù)，甚至造成一系列的環(huán)境災(zāi)害。設(shè)計(jì)者始終要確立的意識(shí)是：道路是所在地區(qū)整個(gè)環(huán)境的一個(gè)組成部分，道路的線位選擇和設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)重視對(duì)環(huán)境的保護(hù)和尊重，使環(huán)境更為完美而不應(yīng)破壞周圍的環(huán)境。因此作為有責(zé)任心的設(shè)計(jì)者，需要不辭辛勞地反復(fù)優(yōu)化路線方案。路線選擇對(duì)自然環(huán)境的尊重體現(xiàn)在以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)、少占耕地，避繞基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)區(qū)；(2)、根據(jù)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)，避繞環(huán)境敏感點(diǎn)；(3)、順應(yīng)地形、地貌走向，減少高填深挖。3.3、對(duì)公眾意見的采納由于城市建設(shè)越來越與老百姓的切身利益相關(guān)，城市道路建設(shè)也應(yīng)該在線位比選過程（方案階段）對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娺M(jìn)行公示，廣泛采納公眾意見，做到中等以上