專題教案高考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題五動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)學(xué)生版

1、 小升初 中高考 高二會(huì)考 藝考生文化課 一對(duì)一輔導(dǎo) （學(xué)生版） 學(xué)生姓名： 年級(jí)：任教學(xué)科：英語(yǔ) 教學(xué)次數(shù)： 教學(xué)時(shí)間： 指導(dǎo)教師：江洪 教學(xué)模式：教學(xué)地點(diǎn)：濱湖聯(lián)創(chuàng) 新區(qū)寶龍 胡埭校區(qū) 高考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題總匯（五）動(dòng)詞用法與辨析典型陷阱題分析1. If you want to sell your product you must _ it.A. advertiseB. advertise forC. advertise onD. advertise to比較： advertise for sth (sb) 登廣告征求或?qū)ふ夷澄锘蚰橙?(此時(shí) advertise 不及物)advertise st

2、h 為登廣告，登廣告宣傳(此時(shí) advertise 是及物動(dòng)詞，其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語(yǔ))People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人們?yōu)橐u的東西登廣告。The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 經(jīng)理想登廣告招聘一位新秘書。再比較以下用例：advertise jobs 登廣告招人advertise for jobs 登廣告求職2. No matter how much youve learned and how high a standard of education y

3、ou have had, you must _ the people heart and soul.A. serveB. serve forC. serve toD. serve on請(qǐng)看以下類似例子：(1) I _ you yesterday, but you werent in. A. rangB. rang toC. rang withD. rang to(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _ her cousin.A. marryB. marry toC. marry withD. marry for(3) How can I _ you,

4、 Mr. Green?A. contactB. contact withC. contact toD. contact for3. According to the rules, students must not _ their books during examinations.A. readB. watchC. noticeD. look at一般說來，漢語(yǔ)的“看書”至少有兩層意思，一是指閱讀性地看書，即看書讀書，此時(shí)通常用動(dòng)詞read；另一種看書則不是指閱讀性地看書，而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看，比如看看書的封面、定價(jià)、內(nèi)容提要等，或者回答問題時(shí)看看書的某些章節(jié)或字句以及考試時(shí)偷看書本等

5、等，此時(shí)通常都不宜用動(dòng)詞read，而應(yīng)根據(jù)情況選用其他動(dòng)詞(如 look at)。又如：Let me have a look at the book. 讓我看看或翻翻這本書。Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 請(qǐng)不看書回答我的問題。4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _ you to go?”A. letB. agreeC. allowD. promise不能選A是因?yàn)?let 后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的

6、不定式不能帶 to；不能選B是因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞 agree 習(xí)慣上不用于 agree sb to do sth 這一句式；不能選D是因?yàn)樵?promise sb to do sth 這一句式中，to do sth 的邏輯主語(yǔ)是 promise 的主語(yǔ)而不其是賓語(yǔ)，比如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答應(yīng)我，他去”，而不是“他答應(yīng)我讓我去”。之所以能選C，是因?yàn)?allow sb to do sth（允許某人做某事）與上文語(yǔ)境剛好吻合。5. If they _ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an a

7、ction against them.A. disagreedB. refusedC. agreedD. hoped事實(shí)上，語(yǔ)言有很多問題是不能類推的，如上面這一例，英語(yǔ)可說 agree to do sth，但習(xí)慣上卻不說 disagree to do sth。類似地，英語(yǔ)中可說 like doing to do sth，但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣上說 dislike doing sth，卻不說dislike to do sth。6. They own two cars, not to _ a motorbike.A. speakB. sayC. talkD. mentionnot to say 和

8、not to mention 均為習(xí)語(yǔ)，但其含義區(qū)別甚大：not to mention更不用說，此外還有not to say雖不能說，即使不能說It is warm, not to say hot. 天氣雖說不上熱，但也夠暖了。He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗魯，至少也是沒有禮貌。Therere ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我們有10個(gè)人愿意幫忙，還不算小孩。They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the

9、cat and the bird. 他們有三只狗要照顧，更別提那只貓和鳥了。7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that?” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always _ me to try something new.”A. hopeB. suggestC. supportD. encourage 因?yàn)樵谝陨纤膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有encourage 可后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，即可用于 encourage sb to do sth，而其余三者均不可后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，即英語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣上不說 hope sb to d

10、o sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth。順便說一句，以下英漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)也有類似差別，請(qǐng)注意：漢語(yǔ)說“希望某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 hope sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“同意某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 agree sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“不同意某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說disagree sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“害怕某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 fear sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“拒絕某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 refuse sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“懲罰某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 punish sb to do

11、 sth。漢語(yǔ)說“建議某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 suggest sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“建議某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 propose sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“贊成某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 approve sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“安排某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 arrange sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“要求某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 demand sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“感謝某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 thank sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“指導(dǎo)某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 guide sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“祝賀某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 c

12、ongratulate sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“阻止某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 prevent sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“通知某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 inform sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“歡迎某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 welcome sb to do sth。漢語(yǔ)說“陪伴某人做某事”，但英語(yǔ)不說 accompany sb to do sth。要表示以上漢語(yǔ)意思，英語(yǔ)需改用其他說法。如：advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事arrnage for sb t

13、o do sth 安排某人做某事demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事thank sb for doing sth 感謝某人做了某事congratulate sb on doing sth 祝賀某人做了某事prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事等等。8. Nowadays everyone hopes to _ good education so as to get a good job in the future.A. acceptB. accept aC. receiveD. receive a因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)中習(xí)慣說 receive a good

14、 education，而不說 accept a good education。另外，education 表示抽象意義的“教育”時(shí)，不可數(shù)，但表示“一種教育”或“一段教育”時(shí)，可與不定冠詞連用。9. Wearing dark glasses can _ your eyes from the sun.A. careB. preventC. defendD. protect10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he _ $2 000 for his car. A. paidB. tookC. costD. spent若單獨(dú)說 He paid $2

15、000 for the car (他付了2 000美元買這車)是完全可以的，但問題是，本句前面有這樣一句He was in great need of money (他急需要錢)，既然是“急需要錢”，又怎么還會(huì)花2000美元去買車呢？尤其還需注意的是 car 前的物主代詞 his，這說明是為自己的車花2000美元錢，不合情理。take 在此表示“獲得”、“得到”，句意為“他急需要錢，把自己的車以2000美元給賣掉了”。11. There are many kinds _, but I dont know which to buy.A. to be chosenB. to choose from

16、C. to chooseD. for choosingchoose 表示“選擇”，其實(shí)是指“選擇出來”(pick out)，而不是指“從選擇”，要表示后者的意思，要用 choose from，有時(shí)也用 choose among。同樣地，下面兩例中的介詞 from 也不可省略：Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 這些詞典可供你選擇。In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事實(shí)上，有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。比較：He chose a red one. 他選了一個(gè)紅色的。He ch

17、ose from some red ones. 他從一些紅色的當(dāng)中去選。He didnt know which to choose. 他不知道選哪個(gè)。He didnt know which to choose from. 他不知道從哪個(gè)當(dāng)中去選。(1) “We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few _, Id say.”A. chosenB. to chooseC. to be chosenD. to choose from(2) “Id l

18、ike to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models _.”A. to pick upB. to pickC. to chooseD. to choose from12. I _ him not to go abroad, but he wouldnt listen.A. persuadedB. tried to persuadeC. have persuadedD. was persuadedpersuade 的真正意思是“說服”，而不是“設(shè)法說服”，要表示后者的意思英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用 try to persuade (當(dāng)然也可用

19、其他詞，如 advise 等)。類似地：(1) kill 的意思是“殺死”，不表示“設(shè)法殺死”，要表示后者的意思英語(yǔ)用 try to kill。(2) prevent 的意思是“阻止”，不表示“設(shè)法阻止”，要表示后者的意思英語(yǔ)用 try to prevent。13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _ where she had _ them. A. lay; laidB. laid; laidC. lay; lainD. lying; lain第一空填lay，它是lie(位于，在)的過去式 l

20、ay；第二空 laid，它是 lay(放，置)的過去分詞，句意為“她發(fā)現(xiàn)所有東西還在她當(dāng)時(shí)放它們的地方”。請(qǐng)注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及詞形變換：(1) lay 有兩個(gè)常見意思：一是表示“放”、“擺”(及物)，二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如：Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。Are your hens laying yet? 你的母雞下蛋了嗎？ Will you please lay the table for dinner? 請(qǐng)你擺好餐具準(zhǔn)備吃飯好嗎?(2) lie 有三個(gè)主要意思：一是表示“躺”或“平放”，二是表示“位于”，三是表示“

21、說謊”。用于以上三義時(shí)，均為不及物動(dòng)詞。如：Dont lie in bed all morning. 別一個(gè)上午都躺在床上。The book lay open on the desk. 那本書攤開著放在桌上。Dont lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。The small town lies among the mountains. 小鎮(zhèn)位于群山之中。Im sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了謊。(3) 這兩個(gè)詞經(jīng)常被混淆的有時(shí)不是其意思，而是其詞形。注意下表所示：意 思現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去分詞lie躺，平放，位于(vi.) lyin

22、g lay lainlie說謊(vi.) lying lied liedlay放(vt.)，下蛋(vi.&vt.) laying laid laid請(qǐng)做下題：(1) The hens _ 50 eggs last week, but this week they arent _.A. lay, lyingB. laid, layingC. lay, layingD. lied, lying(2) The girl _ on the ground _ to me that had _ the purse on the desk.A. lying, lay, laidB. lying, l

23、ied, laidC. lie, lied, layD. lay, lied, lain 14. He _ a visit to the factory and was warmly _ by the workers there.A. took, welcomeB. took, welcomedC. paid, welcomeD. paid, welcomed15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted _.A. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be well原因是用作連系動(dòng)詞的 taste

24、 后習(xí)慣上不接to be。如：這棵樹上的蘋果味道很好。正：The apples from this tree taste delicious. 誤：The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.類似地，feel, smell, sound 等連系動(dòng)詞后習(xí)慣上也不接不定式 to be。如：你的想法聽起來很好。正：Your idea sounds a good one.誤：Your idea sounds to be a good one.玫瑰發(fā)出香氣。正：Roses smell sweet.誤：Roses smell to be sweet.比較

25、：seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等連系動(dòng)詞后可以接不定式 to be，也可省略 to be。如：She seems (to be) a little tired. 她似乎有點(diǎn)累。He appears (to be) quite young. 他顯得年輕。The examination turned out (to be) quite easy. 結(jié)果考試相當(dāng)容易。The weather continued (to be ) fine. 天氣仍然很好。注：用作連系動(dòng)詞的 look 后能否接 to be，各語(yǔ)法家意見不一：有的認(rèn)為可接to be，有

26、的認(rèn)為不能接 to be。為此，建議同學(xué)們以不接 to be 為宜。精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練1. Were so busy that no one in the office can _ for any other work. A. spareB. be sparedC. shareD. be shared2. He regards that book _ one of the worst that hes _ read. A. to be, everB. to be, neverC. as, everD. as, never 3. “Did you get a job?” “No, I _, but

27、its no use.”A. expectedB. tried toC. managed toD. planned4. “Do you know that Jack _ a postman for about six years?” “Yes, I see.”A. has becomeB. has turnedC. has changedD. has been5. The thing that _ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not. A. mattersB. caresC. considersD. minds6

28、. I dont want the green coat. It is red and black colours that _ me very well.A. suitB. fitC. suitsD. fits7. “Will another fifty be enough?” “Just twenty will _.”A. workB. doC. suitD. fit8. Goodbye, Mr Carter my secretary will _ you to the door. A. sendB. leadC. driveD. show 9. This kind of cancer c

29、an be cured, provided it is _ early.A. gotB. gainedC. seenD. caught 10. We havent enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _.A. helpB. enjoyC. shareD. spare11. He asked her to marry him and she _ him. A. answeredB. receivedC. acceptedD. agreed12. My worst fears were _ when I saw what the

30、exam questions were. A. doneB. seenC. finishedD. realized13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _? A. workB. passC. agreeD. does14. Whats the matter with the radio? Why isnt it _? A. broadcastingB. workingC. doingD. sounding15. High unemployment _ the government billions of pounds in lost tax

31、es. A. spendsB. takesC. usesD. costs16. Its hard to rescue drowning people because they _ so much. A. sinkB. swimC. jumpD. struggle17. She went to the station to meet her husband, but _ him in the crowd. A. passedB. recognizedC. missedD. lost18. I missed what was happening because I wasnt _ very clo

32、sely.A. noticingB. runningC. watchingD. glancing19. If you lend me a pound, it will _ me having to go to the bank. A. saveB. shareC. serveD. help20. Dont _ your breath trying to persuade them; theyll never listen.A. useB. wasteC. spendD. put21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so h

33、e _ to fail the exam. A. expectsB. hopesC. wishesD. requires22. He will never _ anything if he doesnt work hard. A. hopeB. wishC. achieveD. succeed短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)典型陷阱題分析1. When he realized the police had seen him, the man _ the exit as quickly as possible.A. made offB. made forC. made outD. made upmake for 意

34、為“移向，走向”。最具干擾性的選項(xiàng)是A，因?yàn)閙ake off 的意思是“匆匆逃走”。之所以不能選A，是因?yàn)?make off 不及物，其后不能接賓語(yǔ)；而 make for 是及物的，其后可以接賓語(yǔ)。另外兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思是：make out 指“勉強(qiáng)了解，開出(支票等)，成功”；make up 指“彌補(bǔ)，虛構(gòu)，整理，編輯，化妝”。2. Now and then they would  _ our house and have a talk with us.A. call onB. drop in atC. drop in onD. drop indrop in 意為“順便走訪，

35、不預(yù)先通知的拜訪”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不接賓語(yǔ)，若要接賓語(yǔ)，遵循以下原則：表示拜訪某人，后接介詞on；表示拜訪某地，后接介詞at。call 表示“拜訪”時(shí)也遵循以上原則，即 call at 后接地點(diǎn)，call on 后接人。3. “Why didnt you write?” “My ink has _.” A. used upB. run out ofC. given awayD. given outgive out 有很多意思，如表示“分發(fā)，發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)，發(fā)表，用盡，精疲力竭”等，此題取其“用盡”之義。選項(xiàng)A和B很具干擾性，它們均可表示“用完，用盡”，但是它們是及物的，其后應(yīng)接賓語(yǔ)。假

36、若將選項(xiàng)A改為been used up 也可以選。4. I think your health will soon _ if you have a holiday on the seaside.A. give upB. pick upC. take upD. get uppick up 的意思很多，其中一個(gè)用法是表示“恢復(fù)，改進(jìn)，改善”。如：The weather may pick up. 天氣會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的。Business is picking up again. 生意又有所好轉(zhuǎn)。除此之處還可表示“拿起，撿起；收拾，整理；學(xué)會(huì)，獲得；(用車)來接，去?。恢匦麻_始，繼續(xù)；感染(疾病、壞習(xí)慣等)”等

37、。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：give up 意為“放棄”；take up 意為“開始(學(xué)習(xí)或從事等)，繼續(xù)，占去，接納，提出”；get up 意為“起床”。精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練1. To our surprise the stranger _ to be an old friend of my mothers.A. turned outB. turned upC. set outD. set up2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _ halfway. A. gave offB. gave upC. gave awayD. gave o

38、ut3. If the new arrangement doesnt _, well go back to the old one.A. work overB. work outC. work upD. work in4. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new school was _ in the village last year.”A. held upB. set upC. sent upD. brought up 5. I had to _ because someone else wanted to

39、 use the phone. A. give upB. put upC. hang upD. ring up6. Elephants would _ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.A. die downB. die outC. die awayD. die off7. My study of biology has _C_ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment. A. taken offB. taken downC. t

40、aken upD. taken away8. The plan _ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作).A. broke downB. pulled downC. turned downD. put down9. The government has _ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.A. asked forB. called forC. looked forD. paid for10. John has put on

41、 so much weight recently that his mother has to _ all his trousers to his measure.A. let outB. give awayC. bring inD. make up11. I can _ some noise while Im studying, but I cant stand very loud noise.A. put up withB. get rid ofC. have effect onD. keep away from12. The mother often tells her son to b

42、e a good boy, warning him to _ trouble.A. hold back fromB. keep out ofC. break away fromD. get rid of13. To my surprise, the manager _ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.A. cut offB. held upC. brought downD. kept back14. Steven has a lot of work to _ in the office since he has been aw

43、ay for quite a few days. A. take upB. make upC. work outD. carry out15. Although Jane agrees with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to _.A. give outB. give inC. give awayD. give off 16. You should _ what your parents expect of you. A. live up toB. stand up toC. look up toD.

44、 run up to 17. I can hardly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _. There are so many wrong spellings in it. A. turned intoB. turned offC. turned toD. turned in 18. “Why dont we go for a picnic this weekend?” “Good idea! I would _ the car and youll prepare the food.”A. look afterB. take

45、 care ofC. see aboutD get down to 19. How I wish that I could _ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A. set outB. set offC. set overD. set up20. Some kinds of animals can _ the colour of their surroundings.A. take onB. dress upC. put onD. get into動(dòng)詞詞組專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)一、give 詞組1. In t

46、hose days, he used to give _ a part of his income to help his friend.2. Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give _.3. If they are burned, they give _ poisonous gases.4. When they made ready to climb the next ridge（山脊）， they found that their  oxygen had given _.5. Both the man and h

47、orse gave _ after the long ride.6. All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given _ and the search stopped.7. Mary had to give _ her job after her marriage.8. 舉行音樂會(huì)9. 演講，做報(bào)告10.  給.上課11. 給某人關(guān)于. 的忠告Answers: 咨詢電話: 400-696-1369 每個(gè)孩子都是潛力無限的天才 網(wǎng)站：1. give away     贈(zèng)送，給予2. give

48、in    投降，讓步，屈服3. give off    發(fā)出，放出4. give out     用完，耗盡5. give out     力竭6. give up     放棄7. give up     辭去8. give a concert9. give a talk10. give lessons to11. give sb. some advice on .二、 g

49、o  詞組1. Please don't go _  _ it till you've seen me again.2. He has been in this class only a few weeks and he is already going _.3. Many years have gone _ since we first met.4. The parade （游行）went _ us.5. The crocodile went _ under the water.6. Let's go _ by the lift(elevator)

50、.7. The war went _ until 1918.8. If you never read the newspapers, you'll never know what's going _    in the world.9. After he had given an account （說明）of the difficulties he went _    to suggest ways of overcoming them.10. They went _  _  their open-

51、air performance in spite of the rain.11. Put more wood on the fire, otherwise it will go _.12. The mechanic（技師）went _ the engine but found nothing wrong.13. They went _ their lessons together at night.14. The bullet（子彈）went _ the wall.15. The police went _ very room of the building.16. 去釣魚17. 去買東西18

52、. 去游泳19. 回家20. 出去散步21. 入睡22. 全力以赴23. 上大學(xué)24. 去醫(yī)院25. 上學(xué)26. 上床睡覺27. 去電影院看電影Answers:1. go ahead with       繼續(xù)進(jìn)行， 推進(jìn)，前進(jìn) 2. go ahead     取得進(jìn)展3. go by     時(shí)間過去4. go by     經(jīng)過5. go down      下去

53、，下沉6. go down     下去7.go on     繼續(xù)8. go on     發(fā)生，進(jìn)行9. go on     繼續(xù)10. go on with     繼續(xù)11. go out     燈，火熄滅12. go over     檢查13. go over    

54、; 復(fù)習(xí)14. go through     穿過，通過15. go through     仔細(xì)檢查，查看16. go fishing17. go shopping18. go swimming19. go home20. go out for a walk21. go to sleep22. go all out23. go to college24. go to hospital25. go to school26. go to bed27. go to the cinema三、look  詞組1.

55、 The boy is old enough to look _ himself.2. He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking _ the city.3. We are looking _  _ hearing from you soon.4. Join us.  Don't just look _.5. They all looked _ him _ a member of their family.6. Look _!  There is danger ahead.7. I shall look _ that I

56、 don't trust him again.8. He looked _ his notes before writing the report.9. Look _ these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.10. I must look _ the time of your train.11. A fox came to the tree and looked _ at the cock.Answers:1. look after      照顧，照料2. look

57、around/about     四處看看，四下環(huán)顧3. look forward to     盼望，期待4. look on   旁觀，觀望5. look on . as .     把.看作.6. look out   當(dāng)心，小心，留神7. look out     警惕8. look through   瀏覽，翻閱，溫習(xí)9. look through   仔細(xì)查看10. look up     查尋，查閱11. look up     仰視四、make  詞組1