初中時間狀語從句語法及練習(xí)(2)

1、精品資料歡迎下載英語時間狀語從句講解與練習(xí)（一） when, while 和 as 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的用法一、 when 的用法如果只從現(xiàn)象來看， when 從句用的最多的是一般過去時，而主句的時態(tài)沒有限制 , 根據(jù)具體情況而定。1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小時候就常常試驗一些新的設(shè)想。2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走進我房間時，我正在看書。3. Were you writing when the teacher ca

2、me in?老師進來的時候，你在寫信嗎？4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 對不起，你打電話來的時候我出去了。5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.他正要走，這時有人敲門。6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要說話的時候，我也想到了。7. I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我剛一閉

3、上眼，就有人在敲門了。根據(jù)以上的例句，我們可以總結(jié)出一點： when 從句的 A 事件，相當(dāng)于另一個事件 B 發(fā)生的時間點。也就是說， when 從句的重點不在動作本身發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，而只是把它作為一個時間點，所以 when 多數(shù)情況下用的是一般過去時，則不用正在進行時。因為如果用正在進行時，它表示的就是一段時間而不是一個時間點了。根據(jù)這一點，有的文章補充說： when 從句的動詞大多是瞬時動詞。這種說法也可以參照。實際上， when 從句也可以有其它的時態(tài)，但幾乎也不用進行時，因為它也只是作為一個時間參照點。例如：1. When I got to the airport, the guests

4、had left. 當(dāng)我趕到飛機場時，客人們已經(jīng)離開了。2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會兒。3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書后，你可以借閱。5. When the manager comes her

5、e for a visit next week, Ill talk with him about this.下周，經(jīng)理來這參觀時，我會和他談?wù)劥耸隆６?while 的用法相比于 when 來說， while 從句的側(cè)重點就不一樣了。 while 從句的側(cè)重點在于描述動作正在發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，它的意思是：當(dāng) while 事件正在發(fā)生的時候，另一件事如何如何。所以， while 從句一般用的是正在進行時。而另一件事的狀態(tài)沒有硬性的要求，根據(jù)具體情況而定。例如：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.當(dāng)妻子正在看報紙的時

6、候，我正在看電視。2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.正當(dāng)吉姆修自行車時，林濤來看他。3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他們談話的時候，上課鈴響了。精品資料歡迎下載4. You can t do your homework while youregwatchinTV.你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us ho

7、me.約翰坐在那里咬指甲時，我正在制定一個回家的計劃。從時間的角度來看， while 表示的是一段時間， 是一個過程。 這是 while 的側(cè)重點。因此，如果含有 “一段時間 ”的含義的時候，就可以用while。6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。這句話中，是說趁著鐵是熱的這段時間，趕緊打鐵。如果換成when意思就變了，相當(dāng)于說鐵只熱了一下，打一下，然后鐵就冷了。這顯然不符合文意。再例：I'm going to the post office.While you're there, can you get me some stamps?三

8、、 as 的用法as 從句表示的也是一件事情正在發(fā)生，另一件事也正在進行當(dāng)中。但與句不同的是， as 從句用的一般不用正在進行時，而只是一般過去時。as翻譯成 “邊 邊”。例如：while 從從句一般可以1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.當(dāng)我媽媽唱起那些老歌時，眼淚順著她的臉頰流了下來。2. The students took notes as they listened學(xué).生們邊聽課邊做筆記。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited.我們繼續(xù)往

9、下談的時候，他越來越興奮。4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.當(dāng)他抓住球的時候，有一種撕裂的聲音。as 表達的事件，往往只是主句動作發(fā)生的背景或條件時， as 只是一個次要的時間說明，不像 while 從句有強調(diào) while 動作本身的意思。 因此，as 常常翻譯成 “隨著 ” 之意。例如：1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 隨著時間的推移，氣候更加糟糕。2.

10、The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.隨著高度的增加，大氣越來越稀薄。3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.隨著時間一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強了。少數(shù)情況下，如果強調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生， as 從句也可以用正在進行時。這只能算是特例了。1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying.傷心的媽媽坐在路邊，邊哭邊叫喊。2. As we were going

11、 out, it began to snow. 正當(dāng)我們出門時，雪開始下起來。3. He came in as I was going to bed.我正要上床睡覺，他進來了。四、 when, while, as 的互換如果從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生，并且從句動作為延續(xù)性動詞時， when，while ， as 可以互換使用。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.當(dāng)我們跳舞時，一位陌生人走了進來。 dance 為延續(xù)性動詞 2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I

12、was writing a letter.精品資料歡迎下載當(dāng)她在打電話時，我正在寫信。make 為延續(xù)性動詞 3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我順著馬路往前走時，發(fā)現(xiàn)銀行門前停著一輛警車。五、比較 while, when, as1） as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動作的動詞。例如： Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.我剎車后，有一個人向我走來。2）當(dāng)

13、從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when引導(dǎo)這個從句，不可用as或while 。例如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.干完活后，你可以休息一下。3）從句表示 “隨時間推移 ”連詞能用 as，不用 when 或 while 。例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去， 天氣越變越壞。（二） before 和 after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句1Before 是主句動作發(fā)生在從句的前面。 注意 before 引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當(dāng) befo

14、re 引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才” 。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關(guān)系。當(dāng)主句用將來時，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時；如果 before 引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生的先后。2After 表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關(guān)系正好與 before 引導(dǎo)的從句相反。例如：It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me愛.因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father h

15、ad left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他們結(jié)婚還不到四個月就離婚了。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide你.仔細(xì)考慮過以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我們回家了。 （從句用過去完成時，主句用一般

16、過去時）（三）比較 until 和 till 的用法此兩個連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际?“做某事直至某時 ”，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達的意思是 “直至某時才做某事 ”。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before 代替。例如： Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets）.否定句： She didn't ar

17、rive until 6 o'clock. 她直到 6 點才到。Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會做。區(qū)別： 1） until 可用于句首，而 till 通常不用于句首。精品資料歡迎下載例如： Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點也不知道。3） until wh

18、en 疑問句中， until 要放在句首。例如：-Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時候？- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。4） Not until在句首，主句用倒裝。例如： Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到 19 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱為何物。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到工作，才認(rèn)識到我已

19、蹉跎了許多歲月。5） It is not until that .例如： It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.（四）巧辨 before 和 until在日常英語教學(xué)中，我們遇到學(xué)生問這樣的一些問題：1.He will spend six hours at his desk_he finishes his composition.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when2.The bike hit the tree_I could get off.A.whenB.b

20、eforeC.whileD.until3.I knocked at the door for more than five minutes_Mrs white answered it.A.untilB.whenC.afterD.before4.It was_yesterday_be_the secret.A.not until ；that；knewB.until ；when；knewC.not before；that；foundD.before； that；didn't find怎樣才能清楚地解釋其選擇的原因，這就涉及到until 與 before 的區(qū)別問題。實際上，只要我們把握住兩

21、者使用時本身的含義及主句動詞是終止性的，還是延續(xù)性的，肯定式，還是否定式兩大點，就能容易地解決這類問題?，F(xiàn)詳細(xì)闡明如下：一、在下列情況下，兩者可互換用，但含義略有不同。 before 表示 “在 之前 ”的意思，強 調(diào)時間先后關(guān)系； 而 until 表示 “直到 才”的意思，主句是肯定句則表示主句動作的終 止時間；主句是否定句則強調(diào)主句動作的起始時間。1.主句為否定式終止性謂語動詞。常見的動詞是 open,start,leave,arrive,finish, stop 等。例如：(1)The noise of the street didn't stop until/before it

22、 was midnight.(2)The children won't come back until/before it is dark.(3)I didn't leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home.2.主句為肯定式、延續(xù)性謂語詞，這類動詞用stand,stay,talk,be,wait等。例如：(1)He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school.(2)I will wait until/before he comes to

23、 my help.(3)I shall stay heer until/before you come back.二、在下列情況下，用before 不用 until 。1.主句這肯定式、終止性謂語動詞，只用before。例：(1)He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.(2)We arrived there before it atarted to rain.(3)The holiday came to the end befor I knew it.精品資料歡迎下載(4)He almost knocked me down befo

24、re he saw me.2.主句謂語動詞強調(diào)動詞的遲緩性，只用 before，常伴有時間段狀語或時間段暗示。例：(1)It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.(2)We had walked a long way before we found some water.(3)We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.(4)The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could countro

25、l it.(5)It was midnight before my brother came home.(6)It was three months before they met again.3.如果強調(diào)從句謂語動作未發(fā)生，就發(fā)生主句謂語動作，只用 before。常譯為 “未及 ”，“不”或“不等 就”。例：(1)We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.(2)I must write it down before I forget it.(3)We do want to buy something now before

26、 prices go up.4.表“與其說 倒不如 ”，“與其 毋寧 ”只用 before。例：(1)I would give up my job before I'd agree to be dismissed.(2)He will die of hunger before he will steal.5.在某些特定句型中用before。例如：(1)It was not long before the whole country rose up.(2)It will probably not be long before they understand each other.三、下列

27、情況一般區(qū)別用until 。1.主句是持續(xù)性謂語動詞時，肯定、否定都可以，但意義完全不同。肯定表動作終止，而否定表動作開始。例如：(1)We discussed the problem until/before he came back我.們一直討論到他回來。(2)We didn't discuss the problem until he came back.我們一直等到他回來后才討論問題。2.not until 句型盡管在某些情況下可與before 互換用，但在強調(diào)句中一般仍用until 。例如：(1)It was not until he told me that I knew

28、it.(2)It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.綜上所述，前面的 4 條選擇題中，第 1、3 題強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的遲緩性應(yīng)選before。第 2 題表動作未及發(fā)生就發(fā)生主句動作也應(yīng)選before。第 4 題為強調(diào)句應(yīng)選A 項。（五）其他時間狀語從句的用法1.由 since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。since 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時， 而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。 但在 It is 時間 since 從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：I ha

29、ve been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you?自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？ It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開北京有五個月了。精品資料歡迎下載知識擴展1. It is since 從。以來多長時間了 (因為 since +從句或名詞，表示一段時間 )

30、It is five years since we met last time從.我們上次見面已經(jīng)五年了。2. It is +before(。才 )It was a long time before I went to sleep again.過了很長時間我才睡著。It was an hour before(until) the police arrived.過了一個小時，警察才來。2.由 as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。這些連詞都表示“一就

31、” 。例如：I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot我.一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。3.由 by the time 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。注意時態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果主句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句的謂語動詞用將

32、來完成時。例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this book到.你回來時，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。注意： when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time在時間狀語從句中，要注意時態(tài)一致。一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。六、練習(xí)：在下列各句的空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞

33、1 _ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.2 _ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.3 I saw her just _ she was getting off the train.4 Have a good look at that man _ you pass him.5 It was already eight o'clock _ we got there.6. I was about to go out _ a visitor came.7We'll

34、 go to the country at the beginning of June, _ the summer harvest will start.8. He learned to speak German _ he was in Berlin.9. Henry is in charge of the office _ Mr. Smith is away.10. I listen to the recorder _ I have time.11. He had learned Chinese _ he came to China.12. _ the work was done, we s

35、at down to sum up experience.13. I haven't seen him _ he moved to the other side of the town.14. I waited _ he came back.15. It was not _ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.16. She likes everything to be in place _ she starts to work.17. The thieves ran away _ they caught sight of the police.18. They decided to go back home _ their money ran out.19. We played outside till sunset, _ it began to rain。精品資料歡迎下載20. _ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up.21. They were about to leave _ it began to rain.22. He always stay in bed _ lu