定語從句 (2)ppt課件

1、.1.21. 定語從句考點定語從句考點 1、關系代詞、關系代詞 that which; whose; which as 的用的用 法比較；法比較；2、關系代詞和關系副詞的用法比較；、關系代詞和關系副詞的用法比較；3、介詞加關系代詞引導的定語從句；、介詞加關系代詞引導的定語從句；4、定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別。、定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別。.31、關系代詞的用法比較、關系代詞的用法比較問題問題1：1、Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. （05浙江卷） AwhichBthat Cthis Dit 2、Lucki

2、ly, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. （04北京春季） A. itB. that C. thisD. which A A當先行詞為物時，關系代詞可以用 that 也可用 which，但在介詞后面以及在非限制性定語從句中，只能用 which，不能用 that。D D.4但在下列情況中，只能用但在下列情況中，只能用 that，不用，不用 which： 當先行詞是當先行詞是 all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everyt

3、hing, nothing 等詞時等詞時。如： All that can be done has been done. In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours. 當先行詞被當先行詞被 all, any, no, much, little, few, every 等限定詞所修飾時。等限定詞所修飾時。如： We heard clearly every word that he said.5 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。如： The first thing that s

4、hould be done is to get the tickets. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake. 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級同時修飾時和形容詞最高級同時修飾時，如： Is that the best that you can do? Thats the most expensive hotel that weve ever stayed in.

5、This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.6 當先行詞被當先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時。等所修飾時。如： This is the very book that I want to find. 當先行詞為指人和指物的兩個并列名詞詞組時。當先行詞為指人和指物的兩個并列名詞詞組時。如： The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Childr

6、ens Palace. She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. 當主句是以當主句是以 which 開頭的特殊疑問句時。開頭的特殊疑問句時。如：Which is the car that killed the boy?.7問題問題2：1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _effects the people are still suffering. （05天津卷） A. that B

7、. whose C. those D. what2) George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (04北京） A. the real nameB. what his real name C. his real nameD. whose real nameB BD D “whose +名詞中心詞”這一結構在定語從句中既能作主語（如題2），又能作賓語（如題1）。whose 的先行詞常用來指人（如題2），但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念（如題1），這時可以與of which 結構互換，詞序是

8、：“名詞+of which” 。題1可變?yōu)椋篺rom the effects of which .8問題問題3：1、_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （04江蘇） A. Which B. When C. What D. As 2、John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. （01北京春季） Ahe Bthis Cwhich DwhoD D非限制性定語從句一般采用 which 或 as 來引導。使用這兩個詞時要注意三點：

9、（1）as 引導的從句可以放在主句之前，而which 引導的從句只能放在主句之后。（2）從意義上講，which 指前面主句的內容；而 as 指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識性的東西，因此常譯成“就象就象那樣、正如所那樣、正如所的的”。 （3）如果定語從句的內容對主句的內容起消極消極作用，則用 which，而不用 as，C C.9問題問題4：What surprised me was not what he said but he said it. （04湖北） Athe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way whichA A該句的意思是“使我感到驚奇

10、的不是他說了些什么，而是他表達的方法?！本渲小皐hat he said”和“the way he said it”是并列結構作表語。假如 the way 在從句中作狀語，其中的關系詞有三種不同的表達方式。1) the way + that; 2) the way 后省略關系詞; 3) the way + in which。根據(jù)句意可以排除B、C；答案D which 前缺少介詞 in，所以答案為A。.10 2、關系代詞和關系副詞的比較、關系代詞和關系副詞的比較問題問題1：1、Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three mon

11、ths ago? （05北京春季） A. where B. when C. that D. what 2、There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. （04全國II） A. whereB. which C. when D. thatC CA A當先行詞是表時間時間的 time, day 等和表地點的 place, house 等時，一定要注意分析從句的結構。如果缺少主語或賓語主語或賓語，關系詞應該用 which 或或 that, 缺少時間狀時間狀語或地點狀語語或地點狀語時，才能用 when 或或 where

12、。題1中的 farm 作 visited 的賓語，故選C；題2中的 trousers 作 wiped 的地點狀語，故選A。.11使用關系副詞應注意下列幾點：使用關系副詞應注意下列幾點：1、關系副詞在意義上都相當于一定的介詞介詞 + which結構： when = on (in, at, during) + which; where = in (at, on) + which; why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (= on which) he arrived.The office where (= in which) he w

13、orks is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (= for which) we did it.122、當先行詞是表時間時間和表地點地點的 詞詞時，一定要注意分析從句的結構，如果缺少缺少主語或賓語主語或賓語時，關系詞應該用 which 或或 that, 缺少時間狀語或地點狀語時，才能用 when 或或 where，試比較： Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which / that we spent

14、together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which / that makes radio parts.3、 when 和 where 既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。而 why 只能引導限制性定語從句。.133、介詞加關系代詞引導定語從句、介詞加關系代詞引導定語從句問題問題1： 1、The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be

15、_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江蘇卷) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 2、He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. （05山東卷） A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this C CC C題1中 the place 在定語從句中作 to be built

16、的地點狀語，此處的 at which 相當于 where; 后面是表語從句，表示建在某地。題2表示讀完當?shù)氐恼Z法學校后去劍橋深造，故選C。.14 介詞加關系代詞引導定語從句是近幾年高考中介詞加關系代詞引導定語從句是近幾年高考中的熱點，復習中需注意以下幾個問題：的熱點，復習中需注意以下幾個問題：關系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句關系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當介詞前置時，只能用中，當介詞前置時，只能用 whom 指人，指人，which 指物；但如果介詞后置，則不指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關系代詞還可以省去，特

17、別是在口語中。如：受這種限制，關系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語中。如： Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to? The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke.2. 要確認關系代詞前用什么介詞，需根據(jù)從句中的動詞與先行詞的關系來確定。所以解題時需分析從句與主句之間的關系。.15鞏固練習：鞏固練習： American women usually identify their bes

18、t friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. （04上海）上海） A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 2. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. （04全國全國I） A for whichB at whichC in whichD on which3. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _ five are mine

19、. （04全國全國IV） A on which B in which C of which D from which4. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. （04廣西）廣西） A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for whichA AD DC CC C.164. 非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別問題問題1： There are two buildings,

20、stands nearly a hundred feet high. （04湖北） Athe larger Bthe larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which 要區(qū)別是并列句還是非限制性定語從句，關鍵是看兩個句子之間是否有連詞，若有表示并列關系的連詞或分號破折號，那就是并列句；如果兩句之間沒有這些連接符號，那就是非限制性定語從句，此時就需考慮使用適當?shù)年P系代詞或關系副詞了。D D.17鞏固練習：鞏固練習：The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every yea

21、r, 80% are sold abroad. （04遼寧） Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that 2. I have many friends, some are businessmen. （05全國卷1） Aof them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom A AD D題2也可以改為：some of whom are businessmen. 如果在之前加上連詞 and，就只能用 some of them，而且不能倒裝。.185、注意、注意 the same as / such as 的使用問題的使用問題 當先行詞被 the s

22、ame 所修飾時，關系詞既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具體事物時，有時兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說來，表示同一種類多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 這就是我昨天用過的那臺儀器。 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 這臺儀器跟我昨天用過的那臺一樣。 在抽象概念抽象概念上，同種類和同一事物是沒有絕對區(qū)別的，所以兩個詞可換用： I have the same opinion as / that you have. .1

23、9 這里要注意的是：這里要注意的是： (1) 使用 as 時，它引導的定語從句中的動詞可以省略，但使用 that 時，定語從句中的動詞不可省略。如： Women received the same pay as men. Women received the same pay that men received. (2) 在 “the samethat” 結構中，that只是用來加強語氣，強調“相同”。that可以省去而不改變句子原意，甚至連名詞前的 same 也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. = This is the same instrument I used yesterday. = This is the instrument I used yesterday. 但在 “the sameas” 結構中，same 和 as 都不能省略。.20 (3)當 “the samethat”