情態(tài)動詞表虛擬和推測-已整理

1、情態(tài)動詞+ have done動詞 + 動詞完成式即“情態(tài)動詞 + have + done”，表示對過去行為或動作進行推測、評論或判斷。這個結(jié)構(gòu)是近幾年高考情態(tài)動詞的重點和難點。一、在虛擬語氣中的用法1. should have done 表示“過去本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做?！逼浞穸ńY(jié)構(gòu)shouldn't have done 表示 “過去本不該做某事卻做了?！?. ought to have done 表示“過去本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做。 ”其否定結(jié)構(gòu) oughtn't to have done 表示 “過去本不該做某事卻做了?！?. need have done 表示“過去本有必要做某事

2、卻未做?！?其否定結(jié)構(gòu) needn't have done 表示“過去本沒必要做某事卻做了?！?. could ( 不能用can) have done 表示“過去本能夠做某事卻未做?！弊⒁猓浩浞穸ㄐ问絚ouldn'thave done 沒有虛擬語氣的用法，couldn't have done只能表推測，相當(dāng)于can't have done ，意為：“過去不可能做了某事。”5. might (不能用 may) have done 表示“過去本可以做某事卻未做?！弊⒁猓浩浞穸ㄐ问絤ight not have done 沒有虛擬語氣的用法， might not hav

3、e done 只能表推測， 相當(dāng)于 may not have done，意為：“過去可能沒有做某事?！倍⒈硗茰y的用法1. must have done表示對過去某事的肯定猜測，譯為：過去肯定做了某事。不存在mustn't have done 的形式。其否定或疑問形式須用can(could) 來表示 . 例如：Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.既然路是濕的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。He can't have missed the way. I drew him a map.他不可能迷路。我（當(dāng)時）給他畫了張

4、圖。“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it? ” 詞典不見了，（過去）誰可能把它拿走了？2. may / might have donemay / might have done 表示“過去可能做了某事”。 may 比 might 表示的可能性在說話人看來稍大些。 may/might not have done 表示“過去可能沒有做某事?！崩纾篒 can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.我找不到我的鑰匙了。

5、精選文庫我可能昨天把他們落在學(xué)校了。John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad. 約翰可能沒有通過考試。 他看起來很憂傷。注意： may/might have done 表推測不能用于疑問句中。3. can/could have done 表推測一般用在否定句和疑問句中，表示不相信或懷疑的態(tài)度。Can/Could he have passed the exam?他可能通過了考試嗎？I think that he couldn t/can't have gone abroad. I saw him just now

6、. 我認為他不可能出國了。我剛才還看見他了。注：表示推測過去某動作發(fā)生的可能性時，就表示的可能性程度而言，must 最大， could 其次， may 更次之， might 最小。例如：“I wonder how Tom knew about your past. ” “我想知道湯姆是怎么知道你的過去的?！薄癏e must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary. ” “他肯定 /很可能 /可能 /興許（沒準兒）已從瑪麗那兒聽說此事了?！比⒏呖祭?. Sorry I'm late. I _ have turned off t

7、he alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.（2000北京春季）A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will答案為 A 。表推測的用法。句意：對不起，我遲到了。我（當(dāng)時）興許是關(guān)了鬧鐘又回去睡覺了。 might 相當(dāng)于 may, 但語氣更加不肯定。2. I was really anxious about you. You_ home without a word.（ 01 全國）A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. n

8、eedn't leave答案為 B 。虛擬語氣用法。句意：我（那時）真地很擔(dān)心你。你本不應(yīng)該不留個話就離開家。3. I ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. （04 福建）A ought to tell B would have told C must tell D should have told-2精選文庫答案為D。虛擬語氣用法。句意：-我明天要告訴她我的新工作的情況。- 你本應(yīng)該上周告訴她。4. Tom graduated from college at a very young age. Oh,

9、 he _ have been a very smart boy then. （ 04 全國 IV ）A. could B. should C. might D. must答案為 D 。表推測的用法。句意：湯姆很年輕的時候就大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。哦，他肯定是一個很聰明的男孩兒。5. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05 北京卷 )A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't答案為B。用法同4 題。句意：

10、他肯定做完了工作，不然他就不會在海邊痛快地玩兒了。6. Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere. Well. He have gone far his coat's still here. （ 05 湖北卷）A shouldn't B mustn't C can't D wouldn't答案為C。表推測的用法。句意：你知道大衛(wèi)在哪兒嗎？我哪兒也找不到他。瞧，他不可能走遠他的上衣還在這兒呢。can't 相當(dāng)與couldn't ，但后者語氣更加委婉。四、練習(xí)1.

11、 The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties! (05江蘇卷 )A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through2. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. （ 05 北京春季）A. mus

12、t drop B. must have dropped-3精選文庫C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped3. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.（ 04 廣西）A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving4. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. （ 05 山東卷）A. could B. would C. must D. need5. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? Something _ to him. (05江西卷 )A must happen B should have happenedC could have happened D must have happened6.I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （ 05天津卷