動詞不定式-動名詞在句中充當?shù)某煞?

1、2021/8/141本節(jié)課講述動詞不定式，動名詞動詞不定式，動名詞w主語主語 w To learn English well is not easy.w 當主語表達動作時，我們須將動詞變性。既能表當主語表達動作時，我們須將動詞變性。既能表達出動詞的意思，還又不能再是動詞的詞性。達出動詞的意思，還又不能再是動詞的詞性。因此因此英語中出現(xiàn)動詞不定式與動名詞的用法。英語中出現(xiàn)動詞不定式與動名詞的用法。w 動詞不定式強調：目的，將要動詞不定式強調：目的，將要w 動名詞強調：狀態(tài)，陳述事實，結果動名詞強調：狀態(tài)，陳述事實，結果1. 2021/8/142動詞不定式作主語的重點句型 It is + adj

2、+ （for sb ） to do sth （of sb ） to do sth 遇到你真高興：It is very happy to meet you. 真正的主語是： to do sth To meet you is very happy. it 只是形式主語保持句子平衡。 再看一些例句：2021/8/143wIt isnt right to say so.wIt is wrong to give up the chance.wIt isnt an easy thing to master English.wIt took us a year to complete this projec

3、t.wIt cost you 10 yuan to post a book.w注意：當給你一個動詞不定式，說”某某做某事.“，這時必然產(chǎn)生一個動詞不定式的復合結構，即：動詞不定式的復合結構，即：it is +adj+ for/of sb to do sth. 用用for 還是用還是用of要看前要看前面的形容詞，若形容詞是形容人的品質，特征的，就面的形容詞，若形容詞是形容人的品質，特征的，就要用要用of,例如例如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right , foolish, stupid, careless, con

4、siderate, rude ,naughty, impolite.2021/8/144而別的adj時，則用for. 例如：1. It is wrong of you to say so.2. It is important for you to say so.用of, 還是for 還可以這么判斷：1句說成you are wrong，是合理的?！澳闶清e的”與句子想表達的意思相符。2 句說成 you are important， 不合理。“你是重要的”。這與本句想表達的“你這么說是重要的”不相符。2021/8/145繼續(xù)看繼續(xù)看It is + adj + to do sth 的句型的句型-動詞動

5、詞不定式做主語不定式做主語：It isnt right to say so.It took us a year to complete this project.to do sth 是句子中的真正主語，并且是句子中的真正主語，并且say, complete后面還都有自己的賓語。因此動詞不后面還都有自己的賓語。因此動詞不定式內部保持了定式內部保持了“動賓關系動賓關系”。而且是必須保持。而且是必須保持動賓關系：動賓關系： It is comfortable to live in the room.The room is comfortable to live in.2021/8/146動名詞做主語

6、：動名詞做主語：動名詞做主語在下列常見句型中：It is no use doing sth. 做沒有好處/用處 It is no good doing sth. 做某事無益/無用It is no harm doing sth. 做并無害處 It is a waste of time/money doing sth.若給你一個動名詞，然后說“某某做某事”，這時會產(chǎn)生一個“動名詞復合結構動名詞復合結構”，即：ones doing sth. (ones 為形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格)It is no use saying so.It is no use your/Toms saying so.20

7、21/8/147動名詞做表語動名詞做表語表陳述事實：試比較My job is teaching.My job is to protect you.I am to go shopping.做表語的肯定不能是動詞，因此。涉及保留動詞意思，但需改變動詞詞性的方法，即doing 或 to do. 前者側重事實陳述，后者側重目的和將要2021/8/148動詞不定式做賓語動詞不定式做賓語w動詞不定式做動詞的賓語w動詞不定式做介詞的賓語wA以下動詞只能接動詞不定式做賓語：w agree, decide, expect, hope, long, manage, want, plan, pretend, wis

8、h, would like, seem, happen, learn, promise, used to, take trouble(不辭辛勞)，set out, make up ones mind, fail, arrange, hurry, prepare, mean (打算)2021/8/149B.B.以下動詞既可接不定式做賓語，又可接動名詞以下動詞既可接不定式做賓語，又可接動名詞做賓語，做賓語， 注意意思上的區(qū)別：注意意思上的區(qū)別： remember forget regret like stop mean prefer hate continue remember to do sth

9、 記得去做某事 remember doing sth 記得做過某事 forget to do sth 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth 忘記做過/做了而又忘了 regret to do sth 很遺憾要去做 某事 I regret to tell you a bad news 我很遺憾要告訴你一個 regret doing sth 后悔做了 I regret having said that. mean to do 打算想做某事. mean doing 意味著2021/8/1410動名詞充當賓語：w以下動詞只能用動名詞作賓語：w cant help, cant stand, fe

10、el like, give up, put off, admit, advise, avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, practice, risk, suggest, bear, stand.w keep doing sth keep on doing sthw consider doing 考慮做某事w consider to be 認為w to be doingw to have donew to have been doneA. 2021/8/1411動名詞做介詞的賓語：動名詞做介詞的賓語： pr

11、ep + doing 介詞后面加動詞介詞后面加動詞-ing形式形式 句型：句型： have difficulty/trouble/ problem/ fun/ pleasure/ a good time/ a hard time/ in doing sth 但是但是 take trouble to do sth費心費心費勁做某事做某事 be / get used to doing sth 習慣做某事 devote to/ stick to / lead to/ get down to / look forward to +doing sth2021/8/1412Thank you for th

12、e trouble _.A. you have made to help meB. you have had to help meC. you have taken to help meD. you have paid to help me2021/8/1413The worker and the artist, who _ in the town _ want to move to village.A. was used to living, dont B. were used to living, doesntC. used to live, dontD. used to live, do

13、esnt2021/8/1414動詞不定式做定語動詞不定式做定語動詞不定式可以跟在名詞后面做定語。動詞不定式可以跟在名詞后面做定語。例如：例如：I have nothing ( to say). I have nothing (to write). Find me a room ( to live in). Find me a room in which to live. Give me a piece of paper to write on. Give me a piece of paper on which to write. He is a man to depend on. He is

14、 a man on whom to depend.注意：當動詞不定式作定語的時候，它和所修飾的名詞有注意：當動詞不定式作定語的時候，它和所修飾的名詞有 邏輯上的邏輯上的動賓關系動賓關系，即，即”做某事做某事“，因此要用主動形式，因此要用主動形式表被動表被動2021/8/1415動詞不定式做定語，常跟在下面這些名詞詞后面，起到定動詞不定式做定語，常跟在下面這些名詞詞后面，起到定語修飾這些名詞的作用：語修飾這些名詞的作用：A. effort failure promise desire B. way, pleasure, plan, time, chance, powerC. idea, meth

15、od, habit, purpose A組名詞，后面如果有動詞做定語，要用組名詞，后面如果有動詞做定語，要用動詞不定式動詞不定式B組名詞，后面如果有動詞做定語，要用組名詞，后面如果有動詞做定語，要用動詞不定式動詞不定式或或of doing sth形式形式C組名詞，組名詞， 后面如果有動詞做定語，要將動詞使用后面如果有動詞做定語，要將動詞使用of doing sth的形式的形式2021/8/1416Please make an effort _.A. of arriving earlyB. in arriving earlyC. to arrive early D. early to arriv

16、eHis effort _ the college made him quite happy. A. to enter B. in entering C. to enter toD. to enter for E. entering F. of enteringTell me the effort _.A. you have paid for helping meB. you have taken to help meC. you have made to help meD. you have spent to help me2021/8/1417The chance we are looki

17、ng forward _ has come here.A. to speaking EnglishB. to to speak EnglishC. to of speaking EnglishD. of speaking EnglishE. to speak English2021/8/14182 -Why arent you happy?- I dont like the idea _.A. in getting up earlyB. of getting up earlyC. for getting up earlyD. to get up early3. Lily has a habit

18、 of asking questions, wBut then not to listen to the answers.wBut then not listen to the answers.wAnd then not listening to the answers.wAnd then doesnt listen to the answers.2021/8/1419動名詞做動名詞做定語定語，與現(xiàn)在分詞做，與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語定語的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： 動名詞做定語，表功能，用途表功能，用途 a sleeping car a car for sleeping a swimming pool a poo

19、l for swimming walking stick - stick for walking 現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示被修飾名詞本身的動作、行為，表示被修飾名詞本身的動作、行為，它和名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。它和名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。 a crying boy a sleeping child working people a swimming boy 2021/8/1420動詞不定式做狀語：動詞不定式做狀語：動名詞不能做狀語，做狀語的是現(xiàn)在分詞。動名詞不能做狀語，做狀語的是現(xiàn)在分詞。to do 做狀語：做狀語：1. 表目的表目的 so as to do sth in order to

20、 do sth to do sth on purpose to do sth with the purpose of doing sth 2021/8/1421 so that can 主句主句+ in order that +主語主語+ could + V so as that would may 目的狀語從句目的狀語從句 might should not She studies very hard so that he can go to college. She studies very hard to go to college. in order to go to college.

21、so as to go to college. with the purpose of going to college. on purpose to go to college. 2021/8/1422The teacher spoke very slowly in order that all the Ss could follow him.將此句變?yōu)楹唵尉洌簩⒋司渥優(yōu)楹唵尉洌捍鸢福捍鸢福篿n order to be followed by all the Ss.in order for all the Ss to follow him.so as to be followed by al

22、l the Ss.so as for all the students to follow him.to be followed by all the Ss.for all the students to follow him.on purpose to be followed by all the Ss.on purpose for all the Ss to follow him. with the purpose of all the students following him.2021/8/1423We got up early so as that we should not mi

23、ss the bus.- 將此句改為簡單句，即：用動詞不定式引導目將此句改為簡單句，即：用動詞不定式引導目的狀語從句的狀語從句Keys:in order not to miss the bus.so as not to miss the bus.not to miss the bus.with the purpose of not missing the bus.on the purpose not to miss the bus.2021/8/14242. 動詞不定式做結果狀語動詞不定式做結果狀語 c. .enough to do sth He is old enough to go to

24、school. d. . not enough to do sth He is not old enough to go to school. e. . too.to do sth He is too young to go to school. He is not tall enough to reach the apples. He is too short to reach the apples. f. . only to do sth 結果狀語結果狀語 I am here only to point out your faults. He said these words only t

25、o show that he had known nothing about it. g. . just to do sth 只是只是 He left the stone just to hit his feet.2021/8/1425 a+名詞 an+名詞1. 主語+ such adj + 名詞單 +that結果狀語從句 adj +名詞復上述復合句改為簡單句是：上述復合句改為簡單句是：a. .such.that such.as to do sthWei is such an honest boy that all the Ss like him.- Wei is such an honest

26、 boy as to be liked by all the Ss.- Wei is such an honest boy as for all the students to like him. 2. 主語主語 + so + adj/adv + that 從句 b. .so . that so as to do sth2021/8/1426I spoke in such a loud voice that I frightened him.請將本句改為簡單句，即：動詞不定式做結果狀請將本句改為簡單句，即：動詞不定式做結果狀語從句語從句Keys: as to frightened him. as for him to be frightened.2021/8/1427The earth turns around the sun so slowly that it cant break away from the sun.請將本句改為簡單句，即用動詞不定式充當結果請將本句改為簡單句，即用動詞不定式充當結果狀語從句：狀語從句：Keys:as not to break away from the sun.as for the earth not to break away from the sun.2021/8/14