語法虛擬語氣講解實(shí)用教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1語法語法(yf) 虛擬語氣講解虛擬語氣講解第一頁，共18頁。語氣(yq)英語的動(dòng)詞一般(ybn)可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。第1頁/共18頁第二頁，共18頁。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣的概念(ginin)第2頁/共18頁第三頁，共18頁。 一、虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與過去過去相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)與與將來將來相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)If+主語+動(dòng)詞(dngc)的過去式（動(dòng)詞(dngc)be用were)主語+should,would,might,could動(dòng)詞

2、(dngc)原形If+主語(zhy)+had +過去分詞主語should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式2、If+主語+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語+should +動(dòng)詞原形主語should, would might, could動(dòng)詞原形第3頁/共18頁第四頁，共18頁。如果(rgu)我是你，我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我知道(zh do)他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了如果明天下雨的話，我們(w men)會(huì)取消比賽If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.If I had known

3、 his telephone number, I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.More practice:第4頁/共18頁第五頁，共18頁。使用(shyng)虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示(biosh)的行為和主句表示(biosh)的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句“，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示(biosh)的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If

4、you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你聽我的建議(jiny)，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了第5頁/共18頁第六頁，共18頁。省略(shngl)句 在條件句中，可省略(shngl) if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlie

5、r, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 第6頁/共18頁第七頁，共18頁。二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句(cn j)中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語(bny)從句、wish 后面(hu mian)的賓語從句中。 一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)表過去過去完成時(shí)表將來w

6、ould, might, could動(dòng)詞原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.第7頁/共18頁第八頁，共18頁。2.用于表示命令、建議、要求(yoqi)等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the meeting (should)

7、be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist 表示”堅(jiān)持(jinch)認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作(gngzu)很滿意那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢第8頁/共18頁第九頁，共18頁。 在suggesti

8、on / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形(yunxng)”should可以省略（2）用于表語(bioy)從句和同位語從句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the

9、 meeting (should) be put off.第9頁/共18頁第十頁，共18頁。（3）虛擬語氣在 在主語(zhy)從句中第10頁/共18頁第十一頁，共18頁。B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中從句(cn j)用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中從句也常用(chn yn)(should )+動(dòng)詞原型 Its a pity th

10、at you (should) miss a good chance.第11頁/共18頁第十二頁，共18頁。 1. It is (high / about ) time that從句(cn j)中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略三、虛擬語氣在其他(qt)從句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引導(dǎo)(yndo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài) If only I knew the answer!If only I ha

11、d seen the film yesterday!第12頁/共18頁第十三頁，共18頁。3. would rather + 從句動(dòng)詞(dngc)用過去式或過去完成時(shí)I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起來常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去(guq)式；與過去(guq)事實(shí)相反用過去(guq)完成式 (had done).He treats /treated the boy as if he were his

12、own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it第13頁/共18頁第十四頁，共18頁。5. even if ( even though)即使(jsh)Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.第14頁/共18頁第十五頁，共18頁。四 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(dngc)+ have donecould have done 本來可以- - -might have done 本來可能 -

13、- -should / ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做 - - 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本來會(huì)去做-我沒有足夠(zgu)的錢否則

14、我會(huì)買那本書的I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.第15頁/共18頁第十六頁，共18頁。Choose the best answer:1.It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish

15、 C. must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.wasCAAA第16頁/共18頁第十七頁，共18頁。5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B. has been C. was D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do