動(dòng)名詞的用法

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之動(dòng)名詞、含義v-ing,動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的動(dòng)名詞兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?；拘问綖?性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式：（以write為例）語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)writi nghaving written被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)being writtenhaving been written注意：動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是：n ot writ ing、動(dòng)名詞的基本用法1用作主語(yǔ)-常表抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Smok ing is bad for your health.Play ing with fire is dan

2、 gerous.Swimmi ng is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜歡的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。Lear ning is importa nt to moder n life.學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活很重要。 不定式也可以做主語(yǔ)。不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示具體的、一次性動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。Gett ing up early is a good habit.To get up early this morning made me sleepy. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末。It is no use/ good do

3、ing.（ 做。沒有用）;It is fun doing.（做。很有趣）;It is a waste of time doing.（做。是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間）等句型中。例如：It ' no use crying over spilt milk.（ 覆水難收）It is fun playi ng with childre n.和孩子們一起玩真好。1It is a waste of time persuad ing such a pers on to join us.說服這樣一個(gè)人加入我們當(dāng)中來是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。2. 作賓語(yǔ) 作某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)常見的動(dòng)詞有：advise，avoid，delay，esca

4、pe，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy， keep， mind （在乎）postp one， pardon ， practise， suggest， imagi ne 等。 need，want， require 后接動(dòng)名詞，表示被動(dòng)意義。女口： Would you mind ope ning the door ?請(qǐng)你把門打開好嗎？Fancy meeti ng you here. 真想不到在這里遇見你。 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)He left without sayi ng good-bye to us.他沒有和我們道別就離開了。On arriving at t

5、he airport ， I saw my mother standing in the crowd ， waving to me. 一到機(jī)場(chǎng)，我就看見我母親站在人群中，向我招手。 作某些詞組的賓語(yǔ)常見的詞組有：give up , go on，put off，can't help，can't stand ，be worth ，be devoted to，be accustomed to，be used to，object to ； insist on，look forward to ，be sure of，be keen on，be fond of， be good at， b

6、e tired of， be interested in，be afraid of, cannot help 情不自禁 be tired of 厭煩做某事 insist on 堅(jiān)持 depend on/upon 指望，依賴 set about著手做 get down to 著手做 feel like 想要 lead to 導(dǎo)致等。pay attention to例:I'm looking forward to having the summer holiday in Kun-ming.我盼望去昆明度暑假。He gave up smok ing several mon ths ago.幾

7、個(gè)月前，他戒煙了。 某些詞組后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略詞組中的介詞。常見的詞組如下：He spends hours （ in） reading newspapers everyday.他每天花數(shù)小時(shí)閱讀報(bào)紙。We must n't waste time（ in） argui ng.我們不能浪費(fèi)時(shí)間爭(zhēng)論。The young doctor lacks experienee（ in） doing such kind of operation.那年輕的醫(yī)生在動(dòng)這種手術(shù)上缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。We must stop/preve nt the tee ns （from） smok ing.2我們必須阻止這些

8、十多歲的孩子吸煙。We had a hard time (in) fin di ng jobs. 我們一度找工作找得很苦。They earn a living ( by) doing housework for other families.他們?yōu)閯e的家庭做家務(wù)來謀生計(jì)。speaking English.trouble (in) They have (no)difficulty他們講英語(yǔ)（沒）有困難。注意: 不定式也可以做賓語(yǔ)I want to study En glish.I hope to have a cha nee to go abroad. 有些動(dòng)詞后即可加動(dòng)名詞也可加不定式，區(qū)別不

9、大在begin ，start ， continue 后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以，一般情況下意義相同。playing basketball last year.女口： They started去年他們開始打籃球。to play basketball last year.但如果碰到以下情況，begin和start后須用動(dòng)詞不定式：（a）主語(yǔ)是物：The milk began to boil. 牛奶開始煮沸了。（b ）后接心理活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：They bega n to kn ow the dan ger ahead of them.他們開始意識(shí)到他們有危險(xiǎn)。（c）begin和start用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

10、：They were starti ng to have dinner whe n 1 went in.我進(jìn)去時(shí)他們剛要吃飯。（d）后接被動(dòng)式：The TV tower started to be built several years ago.電視塔是在幾年前開始建造的。 在need，want， require后接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式，意義相同，都表示被動(dòng)，表示需要被的意思。如：repairing.The TV set needs這電視機(jī)需要修理。to be repaired.3looking after.The child wants這小孩需要照顧。to be looked afte

11、r.check ing.The washing machine requires這臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)需要檢查。to be checked. 在hate, like , love, prefer后可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式，但意義不同，接動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而接動(dòng)詞不定式則表示某一具體的動(dòng)作。如：I like travelling .我喜歡旅游.I like to travel to Suzhou with you.我喜歡和你一起去蘇州游玩.I hate swimming.我不喜歡游泳I hate to swim in that swimming pool.我不喜歡在那個(gè)游泳池游泳在remember，

12、 forget， regret后接動(dòng)名詞表示已做過的事，而接動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生。如：I still remember being taken to the park.我仍記得被帶去那個(gè)公園Please remember to teleph one me whe n you havearrived.當(dāng)你到后,記得給我打個(gè)電話.I regret telling him the truth.我后悔告訴他事實(shí)真相I regret to tell you that you have n't passed the exam.我很抱歉地告訴你，你沒有通過考試. mean，try，go on,

13、 stop后接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式，意義完全不同：Mean doing 意味著例如： His breaking the arm meant his doing things carelessly.丫 他摔壞了手臂意味著他做事粗心。mean to do 打算做例如：I meant to say I was sorry.我想說聲對(duì)不起。rtry doing試試看（用某種方法）例如：If you can't work out the problem this way , try doing it in that way.J如你用這種方法做不出這道題，試用那種方法。4try to do設(shè)法、試圖

14、例如：rm trying to open the door , but I don't think I can.我正設(shè)法打開門，但我想我是徒勞的。廠go on doing 繼續(xù)干某事例如： He was reading when he beard the door bell. He opened the door and we nt on readi ng.他在看書時(shí)聽到門鈴響。他開了門又繼續(xù)看書。go on to do接著又去干另外一件事。例如：When he finished doing his homework ， he went on to practise playing t

15、he piano.他做完作業(yè)后，接著又練習(xí)彈鋼琴了。stop doi ng sth. 停止做某事。(例如：Would you please stop talking ？ Let's listen to the story.請(qǐng)你們停止說話，我們來聽故事。stop to do sth.停下來去做某事。如：例如：rm tired. I want to stop to have a rest.我很累。我想停下來休息一會(huì)。3. 作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。Your tas

16、k is clea ning the wi ndows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Clea ning the win dows is your task.)What I hate most is bei ng laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(Be ing laughed at is what I hate most.)Teach ing is my job.= My job is teach ing.我的工作是教書。 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，特別要注意：不要與正在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表達(dá)的是“某件事”等。例如：his part-time job is promoti ng ne

17、w products for the compa ny.(動(dòng)名詞)他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產(chǎn)品。Readi ng is for sure lear ning, but appl ying is also lear ning to a greater exte nt.(動(dòng)名詞)5讀書當(dāng)然是學(xué)習(xí)，然而運(yùn)用在很大程度上更是學(xué)習(xí)。Their task is explori ng oil mines in the west. （動(dòng)名詞）4、作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的情況并不是很普遍，一般表示被修飾的詞的用途和性能。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 閱讀材料 wa

18、lking stick 手杖a walk ing stick=a stick for walk in g=a stick which is used for walk inga wash ing mach in e=a mach ine for wash in g=a mach ine which is used for wash inga readi ng room=a room for readi ng=a room which is used for read ing三、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)（動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者）一般用名詞所有格 （XX' S）或物主代詞（my ,your , his, her, our, their）充當(dāng)。這種用名詞所有格或物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成的 形式叫復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Would you mind my opening the door ?我開門，你介意嗎？Would you mind ope ning the do