動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、 一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：1一般體：表示狀態(tài)存在，擁有，感情，感覺等或瞬間結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞常用一般體。心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate。瞬間動(dòng)詞：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. 系動(dòng)詞：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, fe

2、el, taste, get, become, turn11一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：（1）表示人或物現(xiàn)在的狀況或習(xí)慣性，經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。He usually goes to work by bus everyday.（2）表客觀規(guī)律，真理。（3）在時(shí)間，讓步，方式或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間。 Tell me where she is as soon as you find her.12一般過(guò)去時(shí)：（1）表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，句中常有yesterday, last week等。 At that time, he worked as an assistant in a shoe

3、shop.（2）Used to do表過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再維持的動(dòng)作。 He used to smoke a lot, but he gave it up after the operation.（3）注意區(qū)分：It is time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的時(shí)間了It is time (that)sb. did sth. 時(shí)間已遲了；早該了It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。13一般將來(lái)時(shí)：表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與tomorrow, next

4、 year, in 2030連用。2進(jìn)行體：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未結(jié)束。21現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：（1）表目前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。 Were having a grammar lesson now.（2）表贊嘆，抱怨的強(qiáng)烈感情，與always, continually, again連用。 Why are we always having chicken and rice? Its boring!（3）短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作，如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow by tra

5、in.22過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：（1）表過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 What were you doing at nine last night?（2）描述一個(gè)延續(xù)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，被一個(gè)短暫動(dòng)作打斷，前者用進(jìn)行時(shí)，后者用一般時(shí)。 He was walking by the lake when he heard someone crying for help. 3完成體： 31現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：（1）表動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去并已經(jīng)完成，但強(qiáng)調(diào)其后果及影響，常見時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為just, already, yet, ever, never. This is the best movie I have ever seen. （

6、2）表過(guò)去開始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)。 He is an actor. He has been in 8 films so far. 32過(guò)去完成時(shí)：（1）表在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，“過(guò)去的過(guò)去。” There had been 125 parks up till 2000. （2）用于hardlywhen和no soonerthan句型中。 No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（3）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等

7、，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本，未能”。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 4. 混合體： 41過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：表過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用與主句為過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 He was sure he would win the game. 42現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能已終止，也可能還在進(jìn)行。強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程中動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行，未曾中斷。 He has been teaching English for 30 years. 比較下面句子： She has been writing a love story

8、and she hopes to finish it next month. 動(dòng)作未完成，還在延續(xù)。 She has written a love story and she hopes it will sell well. 動(dòng)作已完成。二動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)：語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be+過(guò)去分詞。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be done （一般時(shí)） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have been done （完成時(shí)） 2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用途：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，無(wú)需指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 常見的報(bào)道句型：It is said

9、/reported/believed/expected that 3. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 動(dòng)詞不定式可表示被動(dòng)含義，當(dāng)使用不定式的被動(dòng)形式時(shí)，含義不同： I have a lot of clothes to wash. （主語(yǔ)I是WASH動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）I have a lot of clothes to be washed. (wash的動(dòng)作由另外一個(gè)人來(lái)執(zhí)行)。Need/want/require doing sth=need/want/require to be doneBe worth doing=be worthy of being done動(dòng)詞lock, sell, read, w

10、rite, ride等用于描述事物本身特性，多用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)含義。The book sells well./ The pen writes smoothly. 4不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況：不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：appear, die disappear, end (vi.結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：fit, have, h

11、old, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 一練習(xí)題：1(2011年濟(jì)南一中階段測(cè)試)The teacher told us that light _faster than sound.Atraveled Bhad traveledCis traveling Dtravels2(2011年山東東營(yíng)勝利一中模擬)What w

12、ere you doing when Lucy _in yesterday?I had just finished my homework and _to take a shower.Adropping；start Bhad dropped；startedCdropped；have started Ddropped；was starting3(2011年高考預(yù)測(cè)卷)I _to go for a walk，but someone called and I couldn't get away.Awas planning BplannedChad planned Dwould plan4(2

13、011年高考預(yù)測(cè)卷)Thank God！It's a fine day.The rain _！But I don't know how long it will stay fine.Ais stopping Bhas stoppedCstopped Dwill stop5(2011年?yáng)|北四市聯(lián)考)Mom，where is my lunch pack?Just where it _.Ahas been Bhad beenCwas Dbe6As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. （05

14、北京）Ayou will come     Bwill you come     Cyou come      Ddo you come7They_on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we_ it as no good results have come out so far. （05江蘇）Ahad been working; are still wor

15、king     Bhad worked; were still workingChave worked; were still working       Dhave worked; are still working8- What would you do if it_ tomorrow? （05全國(guó)）- We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready .Arain    

16、60;   Brains       Cwill rain         Dis raining9(2011年西安五大名校模擬)The places of interest in Xi'an attract my family all the time，and I hope we _ourselves this time next year.Aare enjoying Bare to enjoyCwill enjoy Dwil

17、l be enjoying10(2011年河北唐山二模)Better not throw waste paper here and there.I'm so sorry，but I _the waste paper basket.Awon't see Bwasn't seeingCdidn't see Ddon't see11-_David and Vicky _married?-For about three years(2003北京)AHow long were；being    BHow long have；gotCH

18、ow long have；been     DHow long did；get12(2011年長(zhǎng)沙模擬)A killer whale at Sea World Orlando jumped out of its tank on Wednesday and fatally attacked a worker as horrified visitors_.Ahas been looking up Blooked onChad looked off Dwas looking in13(2011年全國(guó)大聯(lián)考)Mum，you really need to have

19、 a rest！You _in the kitchen ever since you came back home three hours ago.Ahad worked Bwere workingChave been working Dworked14(2011年湖南師中附中)Who do you think _the book here?It may be John. He was sitting here all the morning.Awas leaving BleavesChad left Dhas left15(2011年石家莊質(zhì)檢)Tom is so joyful that h

20、e smiles at everyone.So_you if you get the first in the exam.Ado BareCwould Dwill16Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science_ that people who dont sleep well will soon get ill.（05廣東）Ashowed    Bwill show    Chas shown   Dis showing17The coffee is wonder

21、ful! It doesnt taste like anything I _before. （05全國(guó)卷II）Awas having   Bhave   Chave ever had         Dhad ever had 18. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. (04北京)Ahad considered  

22、  Bhas been consideringCconsidered        Dis going to consider19With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth_ each year. （05山東）Ais washing away               &

23、#160;      Bis being washed awayCare washing away                     Dare being washed away 20-The window is dirty.- I know. It _ for  weeks. (04全國(guó)卷III)Ahasnt clean 

24、;  Bdidnt cleanCwasnt cleaned   Dhasnt been cleaned參考答案： DDCBC AABDC CBCDD CCBDD二易錯(cuò)題：1(2011年江蘇南通二次調(diào)研)Will you be able to see Jennifer's parents when the first class is over?I'm afraid not.I _a lecture on British literature in the hall.Awill attend Bam attendingCwill be attendi

25、ng Dam going to attend意：第一節(jié)課后你能去見Jennifer的父母嗎？恐怕不行。我那時(shí)將正在大廳聽一場(chǎng)英國(guó)文學(xué)的講座。will be doing是將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)。故選C。2(2011年江西九江六校二次聯(lián)考)We _for cheap houses but haven't found _we like yet.Aare looking；one Bhave looked；itChave been looking；one Dlooked；them句意：我們一直在找便宜房子但是(到現(xiàn)在)仍未找到我們喜歡的(一所房子)。根

26、據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，找房子這一動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指過(guò)去開始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；第二空：one指代a前面提到的名詞，即：a house。 答案：C。3(2011年海南瓊海一模)When did you move to Qionghai?In 2009.But I _in Haikou for many years.Ahave worked Bwould workChave been working Dworked句意：你什么時(shí)候搬到瓊海的？在2009年。但是我在?？诠ぷ髁撕芏嗄?。根據(jù)句意可知說(shuō)話者說(shuō)的是過(guò)去的事情，故用過(guò)去時(shí)，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)，也被排除。D項(xiàng)表示過(guò)去的

27、動(dòng)作，符合句意。答案D。4(2011年全國(guó)大聯(lián)考)I have called the station and they told me the next train for Dalian _at 310.Awill leave BleftChas left Dleaves句意：我給車站打了電話，他們告訴我下一班去大連的火車310發(fā)車。英語(yǔ)中表示輪船、飛機(jī)、火車的出發(fā)或到達(dá)時(shí)間時(shí)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案D。5When the old man_ to walk back to his house, the sun       its

28、elf behind the mountain. （05湖北）Astarted; had already hidden        Bhad started; had already hiddenChad started; was hiding            Dwas starting; hid答案：A 此題考查的是時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。此題句意為“當(dāng)老人開始往家走時(shí)，太陽(yáng)已經(jīng)下山了”。太陽(yáng)落山的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在開

29、始往家走之前，即從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故選A。三填空題：1. The machine _(repair)at this time of yesterday.2. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. He_(prepare)for it for months.3. Because the shop _(close)down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.4. In the US, people over that age of 65 _(call)senior

30、 citizens.5. She _(change)her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Guangzhou for a better job.6. We cant use the bridge now, because _(rebuild). 7. By the time Jenny gets home, her aunt _(leave)for London to attend a meeting. 8. I arrived late, I _(not, expect)the road to be so icy. 9. The h

31、eros story _(report)differently in the newspaper last year.10. I am still busy. I _(just,finish)my work, and it_(not,take)long.11. I _(stay)with my aunt and uncle because my parents have gone abroad.12. My brother is an actor. He_(appear)in several films so far.13. Look at the clouds! It _(rain), an

32、d I forgot to take the umbrella.14. The little girl _(reach) for a candy when her mother came in.15. It is said that a new hospital_(build)next year in this area.16. The unemployment rate in this district _(fall)from 6% to 5% in the past two years.17. Today Swiss watches_(sell)in stores all over the

33、 world.18. In the West, pointing with a single finger at a person while talking usually _(mean)that the person who is speaking is criticizing the person who _(point)at.19. All phone calls must _(answer) in time.20. Finally the boysheep _(eat)by the wolf. He cried and _(say)that he _(tell) a lie any more.參考答案：was being repaired; has been preparing; is closing; are called; had changed; it is being rebuilt; would have left; had n