動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、 一動詞的時態(tài)：1一般體：表示狀態(tài)存在，擁有，感情，感覺等或瞬間結束的動詞常用一般體。心理狀態(tài)動詞：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate。瞬間動詞：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. 系動詞：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, fe

2、el, taste, get, become, turn11一般現(xiàn)在時：（1）表示人或物現(xiàn)在的狀況或習慣性，經(jīng)常性動作。He usually goes to work by bus everyday.（2）表客觀規(guī)律，真理。（3）在時間，讓步，方式或條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時表示將來時間。 Tell me where she is as soon as you find her.12一般過去時：（1）表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作，句中常有yesterday, last week等。 At that time, he worked as an assistant in a shoe

3、shop.（2）Used to do表過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再維持的動作。 He used to smoke a lot, but he gave it up after the operation.（3）注意區(qū)分：It is time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的時間了It is time (that)sb. did sth. 時間已遲了；早該了It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。13一般將來時：表將來某個時間會發(fā)生的動作，常與tomorrow, next

4、 year, in 2030連用。2進行體：強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性，表動作正在進行，尚未結束。21現(xiàn)在進行時：（1）表目前一段時間正在進行的活動。 Were having a grammar lesson now.（2）表贊嘆，抱怨的強烈感情，與always, continually, again連用。 Why are we always having chicken and rice? Its boring!（3）短暫性動作的動作，如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow by tra

5、in.22過去進行時：（1）表過去某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作。 What were you doing at nine last night?（2）描述一個延續(xù)動作正在進行中，被一個短暫動作打斷，前者用進行時，后者用一般時。 He was walking by the lake when he heard someone crying for help. 3完成體： 31現(xiàn)在完成時：（1）表動作發(fā)生在過去并已經(jīng)完成，但強調(diào)其后果及影響，常見時間狀語為just, already, yet, ever, never. This is the best movie I have ever seen. （

6、2）表過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會繼續(xù)持續(xù)。 He is an actor. He has been in 8 films so far. 32過去完成時：（1）表在過去某個時間或動作前已經(jīng)完成的動作，“過去的過去?！?There had been 125 parks up till 2000. （2）用于hardlywhen和no soonerthan句型中。 No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（3）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等

7、，用過去完成時表示“原本，未能”。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 4. 混合體： 41過去將來時：表過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常用與主句為過去時的賓語從句中。 He was sure he would win the game. 42現(xiàn)在完成進行時：表動作從過去某一時間發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能已終止，也可能還在進行。強調(diào)過程中動作一直進行，未曾中斷。 He has been teaching English for 30 years. 比較下面句子： She has been writing a love story

8、and she hopes to finish it next month. 動作未完成，還在延續(xù)。 She has written a love story and she hopes it will sell well. 動作已完成。二動詞的語態(tài)：語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。 1被動語態(tài)的構成：be+過去分詞。 情態(tài)動詞的被動形式：情態(tài)動詞 + be done （一般時） 情態(tài)動詞 + have been done （完成時） 2被動語態(tài)的用途：強調(diào)動作的承受者，無需指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 常見的報道句型：It is said

9、/reported/believed/expected that 3. 主動形式表被動語態(tài)： 動詞不定式可表示被動含義，當使用不定式的被動形式時，含義不同： I have a lot of clothes to wash. （主語I是WASH動作的執(zhí)行者）I have a lot of clothes to be washed. (wash的動作由另外一個人來執(zhí)行)。Need/want/require doing sth=need/want/require to be doneBe worth doing=be worthy of being done動詞lock, sell, read, w

10、rite, ride等用于描述事物本身特性，多用主動語態(tài)表被動含義。The book sells well./ The pen writes smoothly. 4不用被動語態(tài)的情況：不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)：appear, die disappear, end (vi.結束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit, have, h

11、old, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 一練習題：1(2011年濟南一中階段測試)The teacher told us that light _faster than sound.Atraveled Bhad traveledCis traveling Dtravels2(2011年山東東營勝利一中模擬)What w

12、ere you doing when Lucy _in yesterday?I had just finished my homework and _to take a shower.Adropping；start Bhad dropped；startedCdropped；have started Ddropped；was starting3(2011年高考預測卷)I _to go for a walk，but someone called and I couldn't get away.Awas planning BplannedChad planned Dwould plan4(2

13、011年高考預測卷)Thank God！It's a fine day.The rain _！But I don't know how long it will stay fine.Ais stopping Bhas stoppedCstopped Dwill stop5(2011年東北四市聯(lián)考)Mom，where is my lunch pack?Just where it _.Ahas been Bhad beenCwas Dbe6As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. （05

14、北京）Ayou will come     Bwill you come     Cyou come      Ddo you come7They_on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we_ it as no good results have come out so far. （05江蘇）Ahad been working; are still wor

15、king     Bhad worked; were still workingChave worked; were still working       Dhave worked; are still working8- What would you do if it_ tomorrow? （05全國）- We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready .Arain    

16、60;   Brains       Cwill rain         Dis raining9(2011年西安五大名校模擬)The places of interest in Xi'an attract my family all the time，and I hope we _ourselves this time next year.Aare enjoying Bare to enjoyCwill enjoy Dwil

17、l be enjoying10(2011年河北唐山二模)Better not throw waste paper here and there.I'm so sorry，but I _the waste paper basket.Awon't see Bwasn't seeingCdidn't see Ddon't see11-_David and Vicky _married?-For about three years(2003北京)AHow long were；being    BHow long have；gotCH

18、ow long have；been     DHow long did；get12(2011年長沙模擬)A killer whale at Sea World Orlando jumped out of its tank on Wednesday and fatally attacked a worker as horrified visitors_.Ahas been looking up Blooked onChad looked off Dwas looking in13(2011年全國大聯(lián)考)Mum，you really need to have

19、 a rest！You _in the kitchen ever since you came back home three hours ago.Ahad worked Bwere workingChave been working Dworked14(2011年湖南師中附中)Who do you think _the book here?It may be John. He was sitting here all the morning.Awas leaving BleavesChad left Dhas left15(2011年石家莊質(zhì)檢)Tom is so joyful that h

20、e smiles at everyone.So_you if you get the first in the exam.Ado BareCwould Dwill16Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science_ that people who dont sleep well will soon get ill.（05廣東）Ashowed    Bwill show    Chas shown   Dis showing17The coffee is wonder

21、ful! It doesnt taste like anything I _before. （05全國卷II）Awas having   Bhave   Chave ever had         Dhad ever had 18. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. (04北京)Ahad considered  

22、  Bhas been consideringCconsidered        Dis going to consider19With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth_ each year. （05山東）Ais washing away               &

23、#160;      Bis being washed awayCare washing away                     Dare being washed away 20-The window is dirty.- I know. It _ for  weeks. (04全國卷III)Ahasnt clean 

24、;  Bdidnt cleanCwasnt cleaned   Dhasnt been cleaned參考答案： DDCBC AABDC CBCDD CCBDD二易錯題：1(2011年江蘇南通二次調(diào)研)Will you be able to see Jennifer's parents when the first class is over?I'm afraid not.I _a lecture on British literature in the hall.Awill attend Bam attendingCwill be attendi

25、ng Dam going to attend意：第一節(jié)課后你能去見Jennifer的父母嗎？恐怕不行。我那時將正在大廳聽一場英國文學的講座。will be doing是將來進行時，表示將來某一時刻或某段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)。故選C。2(2011年江西九江六校二次聯(lián)考)We _for cheap houses but haven't found _we like yet.Aare looking；one Bhave looked；itChave been looking；one Dlooked；them句意：我們一直在找便宜房子但是(到現(xiàn)在)仍未找到我們喜歡的(一所房子)。根

26、據(jù)語境可知，找房子這一動作一直在進行，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時指過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；第二空：one指代a前面提到的名詞，即：a house。 答案：C。3(2011年海南瓊海一模)When did you move to Qionghai?In 2009.But I _in Haikou for many years.Ahave worked Bwould workChave been working Dworked句意：你什么時候搬到瓊海的？在2009年。但是我在?？诠ぷ髁撕芏嗄?。根據(jù)句意可知說話者說的是過去的事情，故用過去時，排除A、C兩項；B項表示過去將來，也被排除。D項表示過去的

27、動作，符合句意。答案D。4(2011年全國大聯(lián)考)I have called the station and they told me the next train for Dalian _at 310.Awill leave BleftChas left Dleaves句意：我給車站打了電話，他們告訴我下一班去大連的火車310發(fā)車。英語中表示輪船、飛機、火車的出發(fā)或到達時間時常用一般現(xiàn)在時。答案D。5When the old man_ to walk back to his house, the sun       its

28、elf behind the mountain. （05湖北）Astarted; had already hidden        Bhad started; had already hiddenChad started; was hiding            Dwas starting; hid答案：A 此題考查的是時態(tài)問題。此題句意為“當老人開始往家走時，太陽已經(jīng)下山了”。太陽落山的動作發(fā)生在開

29、始往家走之前，即從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。故選A。三填空題：1. The machine _(repair)at this time of yesterday.2. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. He_(prepare)for it for months.3. Because the shop _(close)down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.4. In the US, people over that age of 65 _(call)senior

30、 citizens.5. She _(change)her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Guangzhou for a better job.6. We cant use the bridge now, because _(rebuild). 7. By the time Jenny gets home, her aunt _(leave)for London to attend a meeting. 8. I arrived late, I _(not, expect)the road to be so icy. 9. The h

31、eros story _(report)differently in the newspaper last year.10. I am still busy. I _(just,finish)my work, and it_(not,take)long.11. I _(stay)with my aunt and uncle because my parents have gone abroad.12. My brother is an actor. He_(appear)in several films so far.13. Look at the clouds! It _(rain), an

32、d I forgot to take the umbrella.14. The little girl _(reach) for a candy when her mother came in.15. It is said that a new hospital_(build)next year in this area.16. The unemployment rate in this district _(fall)from 6% to 5% in the past two years.17. Today Swiss watches_(sell)in stores all over the

33、 world.18. In the West, pointing with a single finger at a person while talking usually _(mean)that the person who is speaking is criticizing the person who _(point)at.19. All phone calls must _(answer) in time.20. Finally the boysheep _(eat)by the wolf. He cried and _(say)that he _(tell) a lie any more.參考答案：was being repaired; has been preparing; is closing; are called; had changed; it is being rebuilt; would have left; had n