物流專業(yè)英語版本ppt課件

1、2021-12-16Logistics EnglishSchool of Management, Tianjin UniversityLibo0410yahooSchool of ManagementHomework-explaningMinimax=public departmentsMinsumMinmaxSchool of ManagementTest yourselfnGoods yardnStereoscopic warehousenGoods shednHanding/carryingnPalletizingnsortingnGoods collectionnStorage/Ret

2、rievalnFork (lift) trucknconveyornAutomatic guided vehiclenBox carnPallet JacksnContainer Shelves/Bins/Drawers)nSwingmastnGoods shelfnPallet RacknStackingnGoods stackSchool of ManagementLecture ThreenPart 1: What is Warehouse Management?nPart 2: what is Inventory Management?School of ManagementConte

3、nts: Warehouse-InventorynThe definition and differencenThe goals (management levels)nThe professional words in warehousenWhat does we study in warehouse management?nExample: cross docking in warehousenThe professional words in InventorynWhat does we study in inventory management?nThe methods of Inve

4、ntory managementSchool of ManagementThe Definitions and DifferencenWarehouse: the facility designed for temporary storage; nInventory: the materials/goods in the warehouse;nWarehouse management: the related shipping, sorting, picking and inbound, outbound processes are managed to realize the efficie

5、ncy.nInventory management: all functions relate to the stock decisions, that is, monitor the quantity, location and status of inventory to realize the rapid inventory turnover.nSee the text.School of ManagementThe goals (management levels)locationInventory ManagementWarehouse schedulingSchool of Man

6、agementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnStackingnGoods stacknHanding/carryingnLoading and unloadingnUnit loading and unloading nPackage/packaging nPalletizing School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnsortingnGoods collectionnAutomatic warehousenStereoscopic warehousenRe

7、ceiving space /nShipping space nGoods yard School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnGoods shelfnpalletnFork (lift) trucknconveyornAutomatic guided vehiclenBox carnGoods shedSchool of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and Expressionsn月臺(Dock) n板臺起重機(Pallet Jacks) n道(Lane)/深度(De

8、pth) n貨架(rack);托盤貨架(Pallet Rack) n集裝箱/容器(Container) 架子/箱子/抽屜(Shelves/Bins/Drawers) n條形碼(Barcode) n轉(zhuǎn)柱式堆高機(Swingmast)n存貯和揀取(Storage/Retrieval) School of ManagementExamples: Cross dockingnWhat is crossdocking?nCross docking is a warehouse management concept in which items delivered to a warehouse by in

9、bound trucks are immediately sorted out, reorganized based on customer demands, routed and loaded into outbound trucks for delivery to customers without the items being actually held in inventory at the warehouse. nIf any item is held in storage, it is usually for a brief period of time that is gene

10、rally less than 24/48 hours.School of ManagementnThe highest level in warehouse management:n stock on wheelsndifficulties:n(1) coordination;n(2) The types of goods.Part 1 CrossdockingSchool of ManagementPart 3 CrossdockingDown“Cross Docking翻譯為“直接換裝”，定義為：“物品在物流環(huán)節(jié)中，不經(jīng)過中間倉庫或者站點，直接從一個交通工具換載到另一個運輸工具的物流銜接

11、方式;n接駁式轉(zhuǎn)運 （Cross Docking）/交叉配送;n將商品由工廠通過配銷系統(tǒng)，配送至用戶而不將商品儲存入庫的一種方法是cross docking。School of ManagementJIT and CrossdockingnThe “just-in-time” (JIT) inventory management (or kanban) principle requires that there is just enough inventory that arrives to replace what has been used. nThe implementation of

12、crossdock operations repositions the focus from warehousing inventory to one of managing inventory through-flow in transit from suppliers to customers. School of ManagementPush planning/productionwipOperation AwipOperation BwipOperation CwipAplanningBplanningCplanningschedulingSchool of ManagementPu

13、ll productionOperation AOperation BOperation CMaterials requirementMaterials requirementGive planning based on operation BGive planning based on operation CGive planning based on operation DSchool of ManagementJIT and CrossdockingnCrossdocks are transformed from inventory repositories to points of d

14、elivery, consolidation and pickup. nAdvantages of crossdocking:n accrue from the reduction of warehousing costs, inventory-holding costs, service cycle times and transportation costs.School of ManagementCrossdocking propertiesncrossdocking as the “JIT in the distribution arena” ;n(1) rapidly: The us

15、e of “crossdocking” has become synonymous with rapid consolidation and processing ;n(2) Complex: crossdocks are complex, requiring a high degree of coordination between suppliers, customers and distributors to create shipments based on anticipated supplies and demands;n(3) Timing performance: In all

16、 crossdocking situations, the timing of delivery and pickup is crucial to effective operations.School of ManagementCrossdocking in supply chainnThere are three methods of crossdockingn(1)Manufacturing croossdocking: “current” (finished goods move right off production line to a waiting truck) or “fut

17、ure” (items produced are staged for later shipment) are the categories.School of ManagementCrossdocking in supply chain(2) Distribution center crossdocking: distinguish between “current/active”, “current/same day”, and “future”. In the first, items are loaded immediately on a vehicle; current/same d

18、ay products are staged on a conveyor for release later that day. Future crossdocking involves the holding of items until they become current/same day.School of ManagementCrossdocking in supply chainn(3)Terminal crossdocking: products from various DCs are sent to a break-bulk terminal for shipment of

19、 mixed loads to customers. n Gue 2019 refers to a similar method as Retailer crossdocking: Items from different origins are sorted and dispatched to particular stores.School of ManagementUS Postal Service ApplicationsEx: A network of crossdocks for the US Postal Service where 148area Distribution Ce

20、nters ; (1) Serve as crossdocks, each receiving, sorting, packing and dispatching mail according to operating schedules. (2) Mail not processed on time must be shipped by air, incurring additional costs and “critical-entry” times, when mail must arrive at the destination center, must be coordinated

21、with transportation schedules to avoid overshooting specified cut off times. (3) Each distribution center serves as an origin as well as destination node where schedules were driven by mail delivery standards. School of ManagementWalMart ApplicationsEx:The well-known success of WalMart in crossdocki

22、ng;(1) It requires coordinating 2000 dedicated trucks over a large network of warehouses, and retail points;(2) Maytag, a large distributor of household appliances maintains 41 crossdock facilities where “no inventory is held” .School of ManagementSummary nWhat is Warehouse?nWhat is Warehouse Manage

23、ment?nWhat does we study in warehouse management?School of ManagementInventory DefinitonnReview?nWhat do we study in inventory management?n(1)How many items do we have in inventory?n(2)When do we give an order to the suppliers?n(3) How much does the ordering Quantity?我們應(yīng)該在存貨中包含那些產(chǎn)品？School of Managem

24、entInventory Contents(1)The classical inventory management also called Independent requirement model (the beginning of 20 century to 1960s)(2)The Modern inventory management also called Dependent requirement model (1960s to now)School of ManagementThe classical inventory managementnSuppose:nThe requ

25、irement of an item is independent on that of others;nThe total need can be added by that of each items;nWe can forecast the trend of the requirement of an item based on the history data;nThe inventory control can be obtained by the models with the aid of the need predicting, cost, and other variable

26、s,etc.School of ManagementThe Modern inventory managementnEach item with the others has some relationship;nJust considering the need forecasting of some item is not enough;nGenerally, the need of some item must be connected with the production planning. School of ManagementSummayInventoryModernClass

27、icalmethodsMrpEOQJitSOQErp DrpSee the text P34School of ManagementEOQ principal reorder point safety inventory Lead time lead timeThe reorder point=need in unit period *lead time + safety inventorySee the text P32School of ManagementPeriodic Inventory systemsnPeriodic inventory is a system of invent

28、ory in which updates are made on a periodic basis. School of ManagementPerpetual Inventory systemsnPerpetual inventory systems: /continuous inventory n describes systems of inventory where information on inventory quantity and availability is updated on a continuous basis as a function of doing busi

29、ness. nGenerally, this is accomplished by connecting the inventory system with order entry and in retail the point of sale system. nIn this case, would be exactly the same as, or almost the same, as the real inventory. School of ManagementPerpetual Inventory systemsnStarting in the 1970s digital com

30、puters made possible the ability to implement a perpetual inventory system. nBar coding and radio frequency identification (RFID) labeling are necessary.School of ManagementThe differencenUnder the periodic inventory system a stocktake is essential in order to make accurate calculations of gross pro

31、fit;nBut a stocktake merely provides a check on the continues records maintained by a firm.School of ManagementOne gas retailer;Four times to buy gasFour prices to buy gas and store them in same oilcan，How much does the total gas cost?Problems Inventory Costing MethodsSchool of ManagementInventory C

32、osting MethodsnSpecific identification Methods P57n( not considering the market)nFIFO method P36 (the influence of market)nLIFO method P36 (avoiding the taxes)nThe weighted average method P36n (best methods)School of ManagementExamplesThe total cost of procurement =(110*22)+(60*26)+(70*30) +(50*28)

33、+(80*24)+(40*32)=10680(Euro)Sale-earning =35*354=12390Euro), supposing the unit price=35;gross profit=earning-cost of inventory which be for sale=-(cost in procurement -cost in rest inventory)Unit profit=profit/quantity to be for sale in inventorySchool of ManagementExamplesThe first method:(7*22)+(

34、6*26)+(8*30)+(11*28)+(17*24)+(7*32)=1490(Euro)Profit=12390-(10680-1490)=3200(Euro)Unit profit=3200/354=9.04(Euro/unit)School of ManagementExamples:FIFO method:Suppose the rest 56 units are purchased finally.(40*32)+(16*24)=1664(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1664)=3374(Euro)Unit profit=3374/354=9.53(Euro/

35、unit)LIFO method: Suppose the rest 56 units are purchased firstly 56*22=1232(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1232)=2942(Euro)Unit profit=2942/354=8.31(Euro/unit)School of ManagementExampleThe weighted average method:The value of unit inventory=The total procurement cost/the total quantity=(110*22)+(60*26)+

36、(70*30)+(50*28)+(80*24)+(40*32)/(110+60+70+50+80+40)=10680/410=1459 (Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1459)=3169(Euro)Unit profit=3169/354=8.95(Euro/unit)School of ManagementAnalysisThe real value of inventory=1490The result of FIFO is higher than the first one, that is higher than 12%;The result of LIFO is

37、 lower than the first one, that is lower than 17%;The result of the last one is nearly equal to the first one , that is 2% difference.School of ManagementThe kinds of cost(1)Material cost(2)Reordering cost(3) Holding cost(4) Missing costSchool of ManagementThe kinds of costSchool of ManagementInvent

38、ory turnovernturnover=nQuantity of Product units in some period/average storage quantity；nexample：n（1汽車裝配廠和煉油廠的平均存貨數(shù)量通常保持在一周的供給，則他們的存貨周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)通常在一年50次左右；n（2零售商店的存貨周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)一般在20次左右。School of ManagementInventorynseasonal fluctuations 季節(jié)波動ncrude measure 粗略計算ncoupon 配給票npreceding 前面的，先前的nFIFO 先進先出nHolding cost

39、庫存保持成本n Gross Margin Return on Inventory or GMROI庫存總利潤回報School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and Expressionsninbound trucksnOutbound trucksnthe turnaround times for customer ordersn(卸貨加油檢修及再裝貨所需時間)nReceiving, sorting, storing, retrievingn and shippingndelivery and pickupnThroughput(吞吐量）Scho

40、ol of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnProduct damagesnProduct obsolescencenLane/ the path in one way/directionnTrailernImplication/meaningnLever/杠桿,途經(jīng),工具,手段School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnConsolidation /the places that pickup items togethernConsolida

41、tion warehouse 拼貨倉庫nLiterature/papersnOverlooknPaybacknWhereby 靠什么? 靠那個nLess than truck-load(LTL)nTruck-load(TL)School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnReshipmentnTactical/nSkeleton/structurenStage for /plan fornTerminal nBreak-bulk terminal nDispatch 分發(fā)School of ManagementProfessional Vocabularies and ExpressionsnConstant demandnForecastnThird-party logistics provider3PL）nLease/出租nPack/PackagenHassle 混亂，激戰(zhàn)School of Manageme