2019高考英語時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)李仕才英語高考專題之時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 課程目標(biāo)：正確的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是一個(gè)簡單句的重要組成部分；時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是高中語法教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，是學(xué)好英語的關(guān)鍵；尤其重要的是其在高考試題中所占的比重非常大，無論是單選、 完形填空、閱讀表達(dá)和寫作，甚至閱讀能力都和時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的理解有關(guān)系，所以要求學(xué)生務(wù)必在英語學(xué)習(xí)中重視該語法的學(xué)習(xí)。一、 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握不同時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法。二、 重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)掌握不同時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法以及每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的常用時(shí)間表達(dá)。三、考情分析時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的分值比很大，學(xué)生掌握起來有難度，所以必須重視該語法的學(xué)習(xí)，及其基本用法，研究歷年關(guān)于該語法的高考題。有些學(xué)生在單選方面還可以，但是體現(xiàn)在書面表達(dá)中就差

2、強(qiáng)人意了，這說明學(xué)生的該語法比較薄弱，務(wù)必加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)。知識梳理：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法】1.表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作；2.表示當(dāng)前時(shí)間存在的特征或狀態(tài)；3.表示客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)；4.少數(shù)用于表示起止的動詞，如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin,ope n, close, end, stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。5.由if, uni ess, as long as等弓丨導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，whe n, before, as soon as, once等弓丨導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

3、及no matter when/how或however, wherever, even if等弓丨導(dǎo)的讓 步狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。【特別提示】特別注意主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)謂語動詞的變化?！纠洹縏he geography teacher told us the earthmoves around the sun.地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。If it is fine tomorrow, we shall visit the Great Wall.如果明天天晴，我們就去游覽長城。【考題鏈接】I often_ all the cooking for my family, but

4、 rece- ntly Ive been too busy to doit.A. will doB. doC. am doing D. had done22答案：B3解題思路：句意：平時(shí)都是我為家人做飯，但最近我太忙了，不能做了。此題考查一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作這一用法，其他時(shí)態(tài)均不合題意?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法】 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：is/am/are+doi ng否定句：is/am/are+ not+ doi ng1.說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動作。2.說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行，但目前的時(shí)間背景下正在發(fā)生的動作。3.某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示計(jì)劃或安排好了的將來動作。常見的動詞有：go, come,le

5、ave, arrive, start, stay, return, take off等。4. always, ofte n, con sta ntly, freque ntly, forever等副詞和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用，表達(dá)說話人的某種情感，即“贊揚(yáng)”或“厭惡”等，可譯為“老是、總是”。【注意】有些動詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)a.示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞：mind, wish, agree, mean,n eed表存在的狀態(tài)的動詞：She is atte nding a lecture which is being give n by Professor Lee.她正在參加由李教授所做的報(bào)告。The In

6、 ter net tech no logy is cha ngingthe way people com mun icate with each other.因特網(wǎng)正改變著人們彼此交流的方式?！究碱}鏈接】Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends_for us.A. will waitB. waitC. have waitedD. are wait ing答案：D解題思路：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一我還沒吃完呢。一但是我們的朋友正在等我們。解此類題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)上下文語境定出動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。從題中But可看出動作wait為說話人說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行

7、的動作，故選Db一般將來時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法】1.表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)常用will / shall+動詞（常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow,next week等）。shall用于第一人稱。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意 見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。2. be going to +不定式，表示將來。a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。3.“be +不定式”表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。等。appear, exist,lie, rema in,seem, bel ong to, depe nd onb.等。c.d.【例句】allow, acce

8、pt, permit, promise, admit, complete等。表示瞬間動作的動詞：表示感官的動詞：no tice, feel, smell, sound, taste等。244.在“祈使句+and / or+陳述句”句型中，陳述句中只能用will /情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形?！纠洹縒e will talkabout this topic n ext week.我們下周將會討論這個(gè)話題。What are you going to do tomorrow?你明天打算做什么呢？【考題鏈接】 看起來像是要下雨了。It looks as if itrain.答案：is going to般過去時(shí)

9、態(tài)【基本用法】1表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去具體時(shí)間的狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）;時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。2表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作?！纠洹縒here did you go just now?剛才你上哪兒去了？When I was a child, I oftenplayed football in the street.我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在大街上踢足球?！究碱}鏈接】In 1942, Columbus_on one of the Bahama Isl

10、a nds, but he mistook itfor an isla nd off In dia.A. la ndsB. la ndedC. has Ian dedD. had Ian ded答案：B解題思路：句意：1942年，哥倫布登上了巴哈馬群島其中的一個(gè)島，但是他錯(cuò)把它當(dāng) 成了印度的一個(gè)島。本題中有個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間“1942年”,故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法】謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：was / were+v.ing1.過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或某一階段內(nèi)某動作發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。2.某一動作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)動作在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀

11、語從句中。3.表示從過去某一時(shí)間的角度看將要發(fā)生的動作，僅用于come, go, start, leave, stay,arrive等?！纠洹縒e were work ing from two to four yesterday after noon.昨天下午我們從兩點(diǎn)一直工作到四點(diǎn)。He was read ing a no vel whe n the door bell rang.門鈴響的時(shí)候，他在讀小說?！究碱}鏈接】Have you fini shed readi ng that novel?No, I_ my homework all day yesterday.A. was doin

12、gB. would doC. had doneD. do5答案：A解題思路：句意：一你讀完那本小說了嗎？一沒有，我昨天一直在寫作業(yè)。語all day yesterday可知was doing最佳。表示昨天一整天都在做作業(yè)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法】謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：has / have+動詞過去分詞1.表示到現(xiàn)在為止已發(fā)生或完成的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果的影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語：already,just, n ever, yet, ever, lately, recen tly, up to now, in the past+一段時(shí)間，so far等。2.表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。常與si

13、nee+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段及介詞短語duri ng / in / over the last (past)few years (mon ths, weeks), i nrecent years等連用。【例句】I have seen the film already.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。Theyve lived here since 2008.他們自從2008年就住在那里了?！咎貏e提醒】1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的；而短暫性動詞用 于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，不能和段時(shí)間連用。如果短暫性動詞需要和段時(shí)間連用，就必須轉(zhuǎn)換成其他詞來表示。buyhave comebe in

14、 leavebe away from diebe dead showbe on2. have gone to禾口have been tohave gone to表示去了，還沒有回來；have been to表示曾經(jīng)去過，說話時(shí)已經(jīng)回來了。3. si nee的用法since作介詞，后面接過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since作連詞，后面一般接一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子。 【例句】我離開中國三年了。I have left Chi na for three years.(該句是錯(cuò)誤的)改為：I have been away from China for three years.He has gone toBeiji ng

15、.他去了北京了。(現(xiàn)在還沒回來)He has bee n toBeiji ng.他去過北京。(現(xiàn)在已回來)【考題鏈接】1. Progress _so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finishedon time.A. wasB. had bee nC. has bee nD. will be答案：C解題思路：句意：到目前為止，一切進(jìn)展良好，我們確信工作能夠按時(shí)完成。so far (bynow)提示要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.I hear Jane_the Holy Isla nd on holiday.Oh, how nice.

16、 Do you know whe n she left?A. has gone toB. has been toC. went to D. goes to答案：A根據(jù)時(shí)間狀26解題思路：句意：一我聽說簡去霍利島度假了。噢，多么好??！你知道她什么時(shí)候離開 的嗎？根據(jù)句意，簡在說話的時(shí)候還沒回來，什么時(shí)候離開的也不知道，關(guān)鍵是截至說話時(shí)她還沒回來，是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選A。7過去完成時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法】謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：had +動詞過去分詞1.概念：表示過去的過去2.用法：a.狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在 后，用一般過去時(shí)。b.

17、表示意向的動詞，女口hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本，未能”?！纠洹縎he said(that)she had never been to Paris.她告訴我她從未去過巴黎。When the police arrived, the thieveshad run away .警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們早就跑了。【考題鏈接】It took mea long time before I was able to fully ap preciate what they _for me.A. had done B. di

18、dC. would doD. were doing答案：A解題思路：句意：我花了好長時(shí)間才完全了解他們?yōu)槲易隽耸裁础＿x用had done，表示發(fā)生在was able to fully appreciate之前。過去將來時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法】1.謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：would/should + do was/were + going to + do was/were+ to do2.表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于賓語從句中。 【例句】His sister told him that shewould be back on Sun day.姐姐告訴他，她將于星期天回來。I thought

19、the story was going to be funny.我認(rèn)為這個(gè)故事比較搞笑?！究碱}鏈接】Don t you feel surprised to see Linda at the meeti ng?Yes. I really didnt think she_ here.A. has bee nB. had bee nC. would be答案：C解題思路：句意：一難道你在會議上看到琳達(dá)不感到驚訝嗎？一是的。 會來這里。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，設(shè)空處的動作已在過去發(fā)生或完成。但根據(jù)didnt think可以判斷出從句中的動作是從過去某時(shí)間看將來要發(fā)生的事 來時(shí)。將來完成時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法】構(gòu)成

20、：will/shall have+動詞過去分詞意義：將來完成時(shí)表示在將來某一時(shí)間之前完成的動作,D. would have bee n我真的認(rèn)為她不I really,故應(yīng)用過去將并往往對將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影28響?！纠?】Before long, he will have forgottenall about the matter.不久以后，他就會把這件事全忘了?！究碱}鏈接 】Tommy is planning to buy a carI know. By next month, he _ enough for a used oneA. savesB. saved C. will save D

21、. will have saved答案：D解題思路： 句意： 湯米正計(jì)劃買輛車。我知道。截至下個(gè)月他就能攢夠錢買輛二手 的了。表示在將來某一時(shí)間之前完成的動作,故用將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法 】結(jié)構(gòu)：will + be +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞意義：（1）表示在將來某時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動作（2）有時(shí)可表示預(yù)計(jì)即將發(fā)生或勢必要發(fā)生的動作【例句 】This time tomorrow Ishall be flying to Hainan.明天這個(gè)時(shí)間我正飛往海南。If I fail to appear by 8 oclock, Iwill not be comingat all.如果我8點(diǎn)不

22、到，我就不會來了?！究碱}鏈接 】Youd better not call the manager between 7：00 and 8：00 this evening, forhe _ an important meeting then.A. will haveB. would have C. will be havingD. will have had答案：C解題思路： 句意：今天晚上7點(diǎn)到8點(diǎn)間你最好不要給經(jīng)理打電話， 因?yàn)樗菚r(shí)將有個(gè)重要的會議。根據(jù)題干中的時(shí)間狀語 處的動作是將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的 某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)【基本用法 】結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + b

23、een +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞意義：1.表示動作從過去一個(gè)時(shí)間開始， 一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在， 強(qiáng)調(diào)在此階段里， 動作一直在進(jìn)行。 常和由for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。2.表示說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動作。3.用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性或重復(fù)性。【例句 】I have been waiting for you for an hour.我已等你一個(gè)小時(shí)了。He has bee n dropp ingin on her almost every day rece ntly.最近，他幾乎天天拜訪她。between 7：00 and 8：00 this evening可知,設(shè)空故應(yīng)用將來進(jìn)行時(shí),口語中常用這種時(shí)態(tài)

24、表示將來9【考題鏈接】I hear you_at Smiths.Yes, I_ there for about three mon ths.A. work; had been workingB. worked; was workingC. are work ing; have bee n worki ngD. worked; have worked答案：C解題思路：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一我聽說你在史密斯那里工作。一是的，我已在那里工作約三個(gè)月了。第一空表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；而第二空表示該動作是3個(gè)月前開始的，現(xiàn)在依然在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。故選C。即學(xué)即練：1. We

25、 would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we_ out his address yet,A. havent foundB. hadnt found C. didnt find D.dont find答案：A解題思路：根據(jù)句意“我們想要親自感謝他，但是還沒有找到他的地址”，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn) 生的影響，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，正確答案為A。2. The reporter said that the UFO_ east to west whe n he saw it.A. was traveli ng B. trave.led C. had bee n t

26、raveli ngD. was totravel答案：A解題思路：根據(jù)句中when he saw it可知，當(dāng)記者看到UFO的時(shí)候，UFO正在運(yùn)動中，而且是發(fā)生在過去的動作，所以應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，正確答案為Ao3.Is this rain coat yours?No, mine_there behind the door.A. hangs B. has hang C. is hanging D. hang答案：C解題思路：根據(jù)對話可知是當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)，所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此正確答案為G4. He has been writing the composition the whole mor

27、ning and he still_.A. has bee n B. does C. has D. is答案：D解題思路：由前半句可知他整個(gè)上午一直在寫作文，后半句中的still“仍然”說明這個(gè)動作現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行中，所以正確答案為Do5. If city noises _from increasing,people _shout to be heard evenat the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have toB. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep; have to答案：A解題思路：前半句是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而噪音應(yīng)該是被控 制，應(yīng)該用被動