主謂一致的三個(gè)原則

1、主謂一致的三個(gè)原則1. 語法一致原則Both my parents are doctors.我的父母都是醫(yī)生。The livi ng-room walls are a light yellow.客廳的墻是淡黃色。Her job is teachi ng Fren ch.她的工作是教法語。The location of the house is near the highway. 房子的地點(diǎn)靠近公路。2. 意義一致原則This news is importa nt for us.這條消息對(duì)我們很重要。Paris is among the largest cities in the world.

2、巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。The thesis was about a hundred and fifty pages long. 論文有一百五十頁(yè)長(zhǎng)。Less people are going to university than usual. 現(xiàn)在上大學(xué)的人比平時(shí)少。意義一致的三個(gè)典型用法1. 形式上雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如the police, people, cattle等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Cattle eat grass.牛吃草。The police were called in.警察被召來了。注：people作"民族”解時(shí)，其單數(shù)形式為people，復(fù)

3、數(shù)形式為peoples，作主語時(shí)，應(yīng)用語法一致原則。如：The Ch in ese people is a great people.中華民族是一個(gè)偉大的民族。56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56 個(gè)民族構(gòu)成中國(guó)這個(gè)大家庭。2. 主語是指一類人的“ the+形容詞(或過去分詞)”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed,

4、 the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等。另外，像 the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一個(gè)國(guó)家或民族的人的總稱，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The injured were taken to hospital.受傷的人都送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。The En glish do not drink much wi ne. 英國(guó)人不喝很多酒。A The +形容詞指人做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1) The poor were usually looked dow n upon by the rich.

5、過去，窮人常被富人瞧不起。 The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital.傷員在醫(yī)院受到了很好的照護(hù)。B The +形容詞指抽象概念做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：The decayed has bee n throw n away.腐爛的東西已經(jīng)被扔掉了。3. 形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)的名詞，如news, mathematics, physics , politics,economics及以s結(jié)尾的書名、國(guó)名等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Mathematics is the Ianguage of sciene

6、e. 數(shù)學(xué)是科學(xué)語言。His “ Selected Poems' was first published in 1965.他的詩(shī)歌選集最早是 1965 年出版的。3. 就近原則Either you or I am wrong. 不是你錯(cuò)了就是我錯(cuò)了。Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.老師和學(xué)生對(duì)此都不感興趣。即謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。1. 連詞 or, notbut,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等連接的并歹U主語， 謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與靠近它的主語一

7、致。如：Not his parents but he doesn' t want to go.是他的父母親不想去而不是他不想去。Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是剛來這里。Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret?他和他的同學(xué)都不知道這個(gè)密秘？2. 當(dāng)there be后有兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，be的數(shù)由與其靠得最近的那個(gè)主語一致。如：There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盤子里有一個(gè)蘋果，兩

8、個(gè)梨子和一 些桔子。There are two pears, some oran ges and an apple on the plate.盤子里有兩個(gè)梨子， 一些桔子和一 個(gè)蘋果。英語主謂一致詳解1代詞做主語C. 主語是： who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder 時(shí)，謂語 動(dòng)詞的形式須依具體情況而定。如：(1) Who ' s the girl over there? 那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰？ Who are the boys playing games there?在那里做

9、游戲的男孩子是哪些人？ What' s this? 這是什么？(4) What are those? 哪些是什么？ Which is yours?哪一個(gè)是你的？(6) Which are children ' s?哪一些是孩子們的？不定代詞作主語的主語一致歸納1. 單數(shù)型：some one, anyone, no one, every one, someth ing, nothing 等復(fù)合不定代詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；either, neither, each, little, much等不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語也用單數(shù)。如：Noth ing is yet certai n. 切

10、都還沒有肯定。Neither was satisfactory.兩者都不使人滿意。No one goes to the school during the vacation. 假期時(shí)沒人至U學(xué)校去。2. both, few, several, many作主語：此時(shí)謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Few of them are any good. 它們沒有幾個(gè)有用。Ma ny have give n their lives in the cause of truth. 為了真理許多人獻(xiàn)出了生命。3. all作主語：若指人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若指事物或現(xiàn)象，謂語通常用單數(shù)。如：All are equal before

11、 the law.法律面前，人人平等。All is well that en ds well.結(jié)局好一切都好。注：若all后修飾有其他名詞或接有“of+名詞”，則其謂語與其中名詞的數(shù)保持一致。All (of) the mo ney is mi ne. 所有這些錢都是我的。All (of) his friends are poor. 他所有的朋友都很窮。4. none (of)作主語：若指不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)；若指復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語可用單數(shù)(較正式)或復(fù)數(shù)(非正式)。如：None of the rooms are ready.房間一個(gè)也沒準(zhǔn)備好。None of this milk can be

12、 used.這牛奶一點(diǎn)都不能用了。None of the telepho nes is are worki ng. 沒有一部電話中是好的。注：neither, none做主語時(shí)，口語中或非正式文字中，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，正式的書面語中用單數(shù)。如：Are/Is neither of the teams playi ng this week? 這個(gè)星期兩個(gè)隊(duì)中有哪一個(gè)隊(duì)要進(jìn)行比賽？None of them has/have been to the Great Wall.他們中沒有一個(gè)人去過長(zhǎng)城。不過，none作主語，其表語是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)；表語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)。5. the rest作主語：

13、指不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)，指可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The rest of the money is yours. 剩余的錢歸你。The rest are arriving later. 其他人稍候就至U。2.名詞做主語A. 一般說來，不可數(shù)名詞及可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。女口：(1) Water is necessary for livi ng thi ngs. 水對(duì)于生物來說是必須的。The desk over there is Li Lei ' s.那邊的那張課桌是李蕾的。The dog is a useful animal.狗是一種有用的動(dòng)物。B.

14、表示總稱意義的名詞people (人們，人民),cattle, police，youth做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1) En glish people are fond of talk ing about weather. 英國(guó)人喜歡談?wù)撎鞖狻?Cattle are farmers ' friends.牛是農(nóng)民的朋友。C. 主語是：public, board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audienee, company, crew, committee,enemy, government, herd, jury, part

15、y等名詞時(shí)，如果是作為整體的，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；如果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：如：(1) Our class is made up of fifty stude nts.我們班有五十個(gè)學(xué)生組成。Our class are worki ng very hard.我們班學(xué)習(xí)都很努力。His team is very strong.他們隊(duì)很強(qiáng)大。 His team are talk ing with the coach. 他們隊(duì)在跟教練談話。D. 主語是：時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡單位等名詞或短語，即使是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也只能 用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Thr

16、ee years passes quickly.三年很快過去了。(2) Two meters is not long eno ugh. 兩米不夠長(zhǎng)。E. 主語是： news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics 等名詞雖然以一 s結(jié)尾，但謂語動(dòng)詞 也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 女口： (1) Physics is very interesting and useful.物理既很有趣也很 有用。(2) Plastics is widely used in our daily life. 塑料在日常生活中被廣泛地應(yīng)用。clothes, compasses

17、, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, glove等名時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第 三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1) The trousers are not expensive. 這條褲子不貴。(2) Your socks are over there.你的襪子在那邊。F. 主語若是書名，劇名、報(bào)刊、雜志名稱或國(guó)家、單位名稱時(shí)，即使名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂 語動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) The Arabia n Nights is very in terest in g.一千零一夜很有趣。The New York Times is pop

18、ular in America. 紐約時(shí)報(bào)在美國(guó)很受歡迎。G. 在算式里，主語是數(shù)詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Three and five is eight.三加五等于八。(2) Twelve divided by six is two. 十二除以六等于二。H. 主語是：a lot of, lots of, plenty，百分比of +名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依照名詞的數(shù)而 確定。如：(1) A lot of people have taken part in the activity. 很多人參加了這次活動(dòng)。Lots of water is lost.大量的水被流失了

19、。I. 主語是：kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of +名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity 的數(shù)而確定。如：(1) This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 這條褲子是李師傅做的。(2) A large qua ntity of water in the sea has bee n polluted.這個(gè)海里大量的水被污染了。 Large qua ntities of rice have bee n destroyed in

20、 the flood. 大量的莊稼在洪水中被毀壞了。J. 主語是：the number of +名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：The number of students in our class is seventy-eight. 我們班的學(xué)生數(shù)是七十八。主語是：a nu mber of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：A nu mber of stude nts of our school come from the coun tryside. 我們學(xué)校很多學(xué)生來自農(nóng)村。注意類似結(jié)構(gòu)：The variety of goods in this shop is r

21、ich. 這家商店的品種豐富。A variety of books have bee n published.已出版了各種各樣的書。K. 主語是：the population時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) What is the population of your tow n? 你們鎮(zhèn)的人口多少？ The population of America is a little over two hun dred millio n.美國(guó)人口數(shù)大約是兩億多一點(diǎn)。主語是：分?jǐn)?shù) + population時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：About eighty perce nt of t

22、he populati on in our country are farmers.我們國(guó)家大約有百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。一、總的原則1.表示意義較抽象的“人口”時(shí)，表單數(shù)意義；表示某地區(qū)的全體居民時(shí)，為集合名詞，既 可表示單數(shù)意義(視為整體)也可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(考慮其個(gè)體)。如：China' s population is by far the largest of any country.中國(guó)是全世界人口最多的國(guó)家。Most of the population has have fled. 大部分居民都逃走了。Half the world ' s population doe

23、sn ' t don ' t get enough to eat.世界有一半人 口沒有足夠的 食物吃。What percent of the population read reads books? 識(shí)字的人占人口總數(shù)的百分之幾 注：有的人認(rèn)為，當(dāng)population作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，但若前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修 飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)一一這是不準(zhǔn)確的說法，以上例句均引自權(quán)威詞典，完全可以說明這一問題！二、注意之處若其后跟的是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，且表語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One third of the population here are farmers. 這里三分之一

24、的人口是工人。3. 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞連在一起做主語(一) and, both.a nd連接名詞或代詞做主語A 謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1) Li Lei and Liu Mei are both in terested in En glish.李蕾和魏方都對(duì)英語感興趣。He and she are good friends.他跟她是好朋友。B and 連接的兩個(gè)成對(duì)的名詞，女口 fork and knife, bread and butter ； soda and water； coffee andwater； aim and end ; salt and water等，雖有and連接，

25、但仍表示單一的概念，謂語動(dòng)詞常 用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Where is your fork and kn ife? 你的刀叉在哪兒？Is the bread and butter enough for you two? 你們兩人吃這一點(diǎn)面包和黃油夠了嗎？C. and連接的兩個(gè)名詞若是指同一個(gè)人，即：and前的名詞前有冠詞，而and后面的名詞前 沒有冠詞。謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：I' m told that the monitor and League secretary is ill today. 我聽說班長(zhǎng)兼團(tuán)支書今天病了。D. and所連接的連個(gè)名詞前分別有：e

26、very, each, no, many a等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱 單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school. 在學(xué)校，每一個(gè)男孩和女孩都玩得 挺開心。(2) Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.在會(huì)上，很多老師和學(xué)生發(fā)了(二) 主語是：連接詞 or, either or,neither nor,whether 。廠,not but ,not only but also等連接的名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須跟與之

27、最接近的名詞或代詞決定。如：(1) Neither he nor you are to blame.他和你都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。Is neither he nor you to blame?他和你都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備嗎？(三) 主語是：介詞 in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to 等所連接的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與這些詞前面的

28、名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：(1) At the meeti ng, one in four is aga inst the decisi on. 會(huì)上由四分之一的人反對(duì)這一決議。(2) The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老師和學(xué)生們?cè)谟懻搯栴}。(四) one and a half +名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語，即名詞超過一，但不滿二時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單 數(shù)形式。如： One and a half oranges is enough for the baby.這個(gè)孩子有一個(gè)半桔子就夠了。(五) many a +名詞單數(shù)；more

29、than one +名詞單數(shù)；a +名詞單數(shù) + or two等做句子的主 語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Ma ny a stude nt is in terested in En glish grammar. 很多學(xué)生對(duì)英語語法感興趣。(2) A worker or two is goi ng to be sent to work abroad. 一兩個(gè)工人將被派往國(guó)外去工作。(六) one or two +名詞復(fù)數(shù)做句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：One or two spelli ng mistakes have bee n found in your com

30、positi on.在你的作文中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一兩個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤One or two days are eno ugh for them.=A day or two is eno ugh for them. 給他們一兩天時(shí)間足夠了。5.主語是句子、短語A 主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Readi ng is of much help for lear ning a Ian guage. 閱讀對(duì)學(xué)語言很有幫助。(2) To keep on doing morning exercises is good. (= It is good to keep on doing morn

31、ing exercises.) 堅(jiān)持做早操很有好處。B 主語是從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，如：Why he was absent yesterday is being questioned. 他昨天為什么沒來正在詢問之中。Where we can get so much money is still a problem.我們到哪里去弄這么多錢還是個(gè)問題。Whoever told you that was lyi ng.不管這話是誰對(duì)你說的，都是撒謊。Whether he has sig ned the con tract or not does n' t matter.他是

32、否在合同上簽了字，是無關(guān)緊要的。What he chiefly wished for was a chanee to explain. 他主要希望能有一個(gè)解釋的機(jī)會(huì)。但what, who引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時(shí)，當(dāng)指具體的東西或人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須根據(jù)具體的意思而定。如：What I want are these thin gs. What she n eeds is (are) frien ds.在定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, which或that做主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。如：The teacher who teaches us English is from Engl

33、and.教我們英語的教師是英國(guó)人。Are these the books that were bought yesterday?這些就是昨天買的書嗎？I, who am a new teacher, will teach you En glish. 我，一個(gè)新教師，將教你們英語。C.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型"It + be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + that / who”中，be總是用單數(shù)形式；that / who 后的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須跟被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。如：(1) It was Lin Tao who called you just now.剛才給你打電話的就是林濤。(2) It is you

34、that are goi ng to be invited to the party. 只有你將被邀請(qǐng)去參加聚會(huì)。D 定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須跟先行詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。如：（1）The girl who is speak ing on the stage is Zha ng Li ' sister.在臺(tái)上講話的那個(gè)女孩是張力的 姐姐。（2）The childre n that are play ing games over there are from Hunan.在那邊做游戲的孩子們是湖南人。注意：在“ one of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第

35、三人稱 復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當(dāng) one前面有the, the very, the less, the only或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語從句 的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，如：（1） Li Lei is one of the stude nts who are good at En glish.李蕾是英語學(xué)得好的學(xué)生之一。 Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America.艾利斯是唯一的一個(gè)來美國(guó)的女孩。連詞or與主謂一致注意在疑問句中則通常與第一個(gè)主語（即臨近的一個(gè)主語）保持一致：a. You or he is to blame.你或

36、他有一人要受責(zé)備。b. Are you or he to blame?受責(zé)備的是你還是他 ？順便說一句，在現(xiàn)代英語中用neither.nor，either.or等連接主語時(shí)也可一律用復(fù)數(shù)（但考生在應(yīng)試時(shí)應(yīng)避免）。注：在現(xiàn)代英語中，有時(shí)即使以上結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語也可用單數(shù)（即將其視為 整體），如：Over sixty per cen t of families own ow ns a televisi on.百分之六十以上的家庭已擁有電視機(jī)。注：若其中的名詞為表示可數(shù)意義的集合名詞，則其謂語根據(jù)情況可用單數(shù)（視為整體）或復(fù)數(shù)（考慮其個(gè)體），如：What percentage of the

37、 population read（s） books? 識(shí)字的人占人口的百分之幾？時(shí)間、距離、金額作主語時(shí)的主謂一致表示時(shí)間、距離、度量、重量、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，被看作整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體也可以復(fù)數(shù)。如：Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot.步行兩千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路程。Six mon ths have passed, and we still have no n ews of them. 六個(gè)月過去了，我們依然沒有他們 的消息。比較： Ten dolla

38、rs is too much for this old coin. 這個(gè)古幣沒有 10塊錢這么高的價(jià)格。Three dollars were paid for the old coi n. 那個(gè)古錢花了 3 塊錢。Twenty years is a long time. 20 年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。Twenty years have passed since they got married.他們結(jié)婚已有 20 年了。4. means作主語名詞means（方法）單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)同形，用作主語時(shí)，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)要視具體含義而定（尤其注 意其前的修飾語）：These means are very good

39、.這些方法很好。Such a mea ns is really un pleasa nt.這樣的方法確實(shí)是令人不愉快。若沒有特定的修飾語或語境，則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)謂語均可：There is are no good means. 沒有好的方法。Are Is there any other mea ns of doi ng it? 做這事還有其他的什么辦法嗎？5. “ one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”與"a+單數(shù)名詞+ and a half”作主語此時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)不少書認(rèn)為，這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語均用單數(shù)。如：One and a half mon ths has passed. / A mo

40、nth and a half has passed.已經(jīng)過去了一個(gè)半月。但是，國(guó)外一些詞書則認(rèn)為，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)：One and a half mon ths have passed. / A month and a half has passed.已經(jīng)過去了一個(gè)半月。 “ one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”后面的定語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)；而"the (only) one of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”后面的定語從句的謂語應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。如：He is one of the stude nts that have passed the exam 他是通過了考試的學(xué)生之一。He is the (only) one of the stude nts that has passed the exam.他就是通過考試的那個(gè)學(xué)生。 "a (the, this, that) kind /sort / type of + 名詞”做主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式； 但"these (those, all, many, some) kinds of +名詞”做主語，謂語則用復(fù)