2020秋高二英語外研版必修5學(xué)案：Module 3　Adventure in Literature and the Cinema Section Ⅱ　Grammar——復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（Ⅲ） Word版含解析

1、module 3adventure in literature and the cinema section grammar復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)()語法圖解課文原句感知i don't want to board a sinking ship.when he heard that, the frightened man on the floor started crying.but i persuaded him to help me，and we found the men's boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.we stayed

2、 inside the shelter we had built and let the raft sail down the river.we climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heard the two men shouting.but although i was frightened, i also felt very curious，so i put my head round the door.語法領(lǐng)悟(1)句用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。(2)句用過去分詞作前置定語，動(dòng)詞­ing形式作賓語。(3)句和句都用了動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)

3、，但句的不定式省略了to。(4)句用了動(dòng)詞­ing形式作賓補(bǔ)。(5)句用了過去分詞作表語，另一個(gè)黑體詞felt為系動(dòng)詞，兩個(gè)黑體詞都構(gòu)成了系表結(jié)構(gòu)。非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不作謂語成分的動(dòng)詞形式，它包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。它們不能在句子中充當(dāng)謂語，但可充當(dāng)其他成分，可以起名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語或補(bǔ)足語。一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語1(1)不定式作主語一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。若不定式太長(zhǎng)，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。it's important for the figures to be updated

4、regularly.定期更新數(shù)據(jù)是很重要的。(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主語，動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語放在句末。常用于固定句型it's a waste of time doing.，it's no use/good doing.，it is useless doing.等中。facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working them out.直面你的問題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問題最好的方法。it's

5、no use complaining without taking action.不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒用的。2(1)不定式作表語時(shí)，表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)主語是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作表語；主語為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，表語多用不定式。his wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是將來當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。what i want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my english.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水

6、平。(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，用于解釋主語的內(nèi)容，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q位置。my job is cleaning the house three times a week.我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。3現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可作表語，但現(xiàn)在分詞意為“令人的”；過去分詞意為“感到的”。mike is very interested in the interesting story.邁克對(duì)這個(gè)有趣的故事很感興趣。名師點(diǎn)津不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)，這是短文改錯(cuò)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。即學(xué)即練1用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空walking (walk) is a good form of e

7、xercise for both young and old.the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to_make (make) it more difficult. it's useless arguing (argue) with them. it is necessary for us to_master (master) a foreign language.二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語1有些動(dòng)詞后只接不定式作賓語(如句)，如：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，p

8、repare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail(未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen(碰巧)等。she seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served.她坐在餐館里的一張小桌子旁等著被服務(wù)。2有些動(dòng)詞及短語后只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避開)，imagine，mind，miss，prac

9、tise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.; have fun (in) doing sth.等句型中也用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.年輕人如果每天都接觸音量非常大的音樂就可能有失聰?shù)奈ｋU(xiǎn)。3有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義不同，如：(1)try to do 盡力做；tr

10、y doing 試著去做(2)mean to do 打算做；mean doing 意味著(3)regret to do遺憾要去做；regret doing后悔做過(4)remember to do 記得去做；remember doing記得做過(5)forget to do忘記去做；forget doing 忘記做過i remembered to lock the door before i left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.我離開辦公室之前記得鎖門卻忘記關(guān)燈了。名師點(diǎn)津(1)動(dòng)詞want，need，require作“需要”講時(shí)

11、，其后要用v.­ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語。與此用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有deserve(值得)。(2)不定式作動(dòng)詞(短語)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out 等的賓語時(shí)，前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞how，what，whether，where，when，who 等。(3)介詞后一般要接v.­ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，若前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不定式要省略to。即學(xué)即練2用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空he is considering buy

12、ing (buy) a new house.i meant to_go (go), but my father didn't allow me to.remember to_tell (tell) him the news when he comes back.i remember returning (return) the book to the library last week.三、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)1不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，不定式表將來、主動(dòng)。常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，e

13、xpect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on等。i told jeff to join the club，but he wouldn't listen.我告訴杰夫讓他加入俱樂部，但他不聽。2現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have，make，le

14、t，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。listen! do you hear someone calling for help?聽！你聽到有人正在喊救命嗎？3過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(如句)?？山舆^去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。when i came in，i found a strange girl seated in the corner.我進(jìn)來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生的女孩坐在角落里。

15、溫馨提示(1)使役動(dòng)詞have，get后接非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語的異同點(diǎn)：have sth. doneget sth. done讓別人做某事；have sb./sth. doing讓一直做某事；get sth./sb. doing 使開始做某事；have sb. do sth.get sb. to do sth.讓某人做某事。注意：have sth. to do 表示“有要做”，此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作定語。(2)let賓語do，表示“讓做”。(3)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)為：with賓語現(xiàn)在分詞。表示主動(dòng)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；with賓語過去分詞。表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作已完成；with賓語不定式。表示將來。切記：不定式在w

16、ith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：the old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。with such a short time left before the deadline，it doesn't seem likely that john will finish the job.截止日期之前只留下很短的時(shí)間，約翰似乎不可能完成工作了。with a lot of work to

17、do，she wasn't allowed to leave her office.由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開辦公室。即學(xué)即練3用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空the doctor advised me to_take (take) more exercise.his joke made us laugh (laugh) our heads off.someone was heard to_come (come) up the stairs.he kept the car waiting (wait) at the gate.四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1不定式作定語通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將

18、來的動(dòng)作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，若該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一個(gè)好主意，但是她找不到寫下它的紙。2序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，the last，the only 等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作定語。he is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他總是第一個(gè)到校

19、，最后一個(gè)離校。3被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語。常見的該類名詞有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。and the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。名師點(diǎn)津不定式作定語時(shí)，當(dāng)句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語時(shí)，不定式使用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)。have you got anything to buy? 你有什么東西要買嗎？(不定式to buy的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you)have

20、 you got anything to be bought?你有什么要(我或別人)買的嗎？(不定式to be bought的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”，因此只能用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式作后置定語)4當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用“being過去分詞” 作定語；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí)，用過去分詞作定語。last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on tv.昨天晚上，有幾百萬人觀看了開幕

21、式的電視直播。we must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我們必須對(duì)正在討論的問題保密。i'm going to write an article about the problem discussed at the last meeting.我準(zhǔn)備寫一篇有關(guān)上次會(huì)議上討論的問題的文章。名師點(diǎn)津作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞只表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。falling leaves 正在下落的葉子；fallen leaves落葉即學(xué)即練4用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

22、he's always the first one to_get (get) up.the boy reading (read) a book by the river is my bother.you cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.五、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語(1)不定式作目的狀語可用so as to/in order to替換，意為“為了；想要”，但 so as to一般不可置于句首。mom opened the window to let some fresh air

23、 in.媽媽打開窗戶讓一些新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。let's hurry so as not to be late for the meeting.咱們快點(diǎn)走，免得開會(huì)遲到。(2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語，常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：only to do；enough to do(足夠做)；too.to do.(太而不能)；so/such.as to.(如此以至于)。he hurried to the railway station，only to find the train had left.他匆忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。(3)不定式作原因狀語，常用在“主語系動(dòng)詞形容詞to

24、do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等。the boy was delighted to receive a gift from his parents.收到父母的禮物，這個(gè)男孩很開心。名師點(diǎn)津在“主語be形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此時(shí)不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動(dòng)詞必

25、須是及物動(dòng)詞，若為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，使之構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語，如：once plastic pollution arises in most public areas，it is hard to deal with. 一旦白色污染在大多數(shù)公共區(qū)域產(chǎn)生時(shí)，就很難處理了。(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。more freeways have been built in china，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中國建立了更多的高速

26、公路，使得人們從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方旅行更容易。(5)過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。given more attention，the tree could grow better.如果被給予更多的愛護(hù)，這棵樹會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。名師點(diǎn)津有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。?？嫉挠校篻enerally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration；com

27、pared to/with；to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。即學(xué)即練5用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空not knowing (know) what to do, he went to his parents for help. they jumped for joy to_hear (hear) the news.faced (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.they're working hard to_ful

28、fill (fulfill) the plan.連系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞(link verb)，本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補(bǔ)語)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。有些系動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語。系動(dòng)詞主要分為以下六類：1狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：用來表示主語的狀態(tài)，也叫be動(dòng)詞。i am a student of grade 3.我是三年級(jí)的學(xué)生。2持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞：用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep，rest，remain，stay，lie，stand等。he always kept silent at meetings

29、.他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。3表象系動(dòng)詞：用來表示“看起來”這一概念，主要有seem，appear，look等。he looks tired.他看起來很累。4感官系動(dòng)詞：感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel，smell，sound，taste等。the water feels warm.這水摸著很暖。5變化系動(dòng)詞：這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run等。the weather has turned cold and windy.天氣變得寒冷多風(fēng)。6終止系動(dòng)詞：表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove，turn out等，表達(dá)“證明，變成”之意

30、。his plan proved (to be) practical.他的計(jì)劃被證明是符合實(shí)際的。名師點(diǎn)津系動(dòng)詞(be除外)一般都需要跟形容詞而非副詞作表語；系動(dòng)詞一般沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。即學(xué)即練6完成句子今天奶奶看上去很擔(dān)心。our grandmother looks very worried today.他總是在會(huì)議上保持沉默。he always keeps silent at the meeting.這種布摸起來很軟。this kind of cloth feels very soft.隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們也變得更聰明了。we get wiser as we get older.她最后成了一位著名的歌唱家。she finally became a famous singer.鏈接高考單句語法填空1(2018·全國卷)you don't have to run fast or for long to_see (see) the benefit.2(2018·全國卷)you may drink, smoke