以鋼絲繩為吊裝機具時的選用與計算

1、以鋼絲繩為吊裝機具時的選用與計算鋼絲繩有抗拉強度高、彈性大、撓性好、耐磨損、壽命長、價格適中等諸多優(yōu)點,故用得非常廣泛。        視組成鋼絲繩股數(shù)和鋼絲數(shù)目的多少、捻制方法的差異及有無纖維芯等,把鋼絲繩分成十余種。設備吊裝中一般只使用其中由6股組成的3種。(一) 設備吊裝用鋼絲繩的種類和用途        設備吊裝中常用由1根纖維芯和6股鋼絲組成的3鋼絲繩,以6×19+1、6×37+1和6×61+1表示其組成,其中6表示為6股、1

2、表示有1根纖維芯,而19、37、61則表示每股內(nèi)的鋼絲數(shù)。以同直徑者相比較,鋼絲多且細,則繩的撓性好,而耐磨性則稍差。        此3種鋼絲繩的用途和標記舉例 :        (1)6×19鋼絲繩：作拉索、纜風繩及在其他少彎曲、受磨損時采用；        (2)6×37鋼絲繩：宜用于滑車組及其他呈彎曲時采用；    &#

3、160;   (3)6× 61 鋼絲繩：用于滑車組,制作吊索、起吊綁繩和重型起重機械。        標記舉例 (GB/T8918-1996),標記簡化如下：        鋼絲繩 6× 19-16-1770表示6股,每股19絲,鋼絲繩直徑16mm，鋼絲繩抗拉強度為1770MPa(二) 鋼絲繩的規(guī)格        表為鋼絲繩(6×19+1

4、)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)(GB/T8918-1996)     鋼絲繩 公稱直徑 每l00m鋼絲繩近似質(zhì)量/kg鋼絲繩公稱抗拉強度/MPal4701570167017701870鋼絲繩最小破斷拉力/kN d  /mm允許偏差/%天然纖維芯鋼絲繩合成纖維芯鋼絲繩鋼芯鋼絲繩纖維芯鋼絲繩鋼芯鋼絲繩纖維芯鋼絲繩鋼芯鋼絲繩纖維芯鋼絲繩鋼芯鋼絲繩纖維芯鋼絲繩鋼芯鋼絲繩纖維芯鋼絲繩鋼芯鋼絲繩 3+83.113.033.434.064.394.334.694.614.984.895.285.165.58 4 5

5、+705.548.655.398.426.lo9.527.2211.207.8012.207.7112.208.3313.008.2012.808.8713.808.6913.509.4014.609.1814.309.9315.50 678+60 12.5017.0022.1012.1016.5021.6013.7018.7024.4016.2022.1028.8017.502.9031.2017.3023.9030.8018.7025.5033.3018.4025.5032.8019.9027.1035.4019.5026.6034.7021.1028.7037.602

6、0.6028.1036.7022.3030.4039.709+6028.0027.3030.9036.5039.50 39.0042.2041.5044.9044.0047.5046.5050.201034.6033.7038.1045.1048.8048.1052.1051.2055.4054.3058.7057.4062.001141.9040.8046.1054.6059.0058.3063.0062.0076.0065.7071.1069.4075.101249.8048.5054.9064.9070.2069.4075.0073.8079.8078.2084.6082.60

7、89.401358.5057.0064.4076.2082.4081.4088.0086.6093.7091.8099.3097.00104.001467.8066.1074.7088.4095.6094.40102.00100.00108.00106.00115.00112.00121.001688.6086.3097.50115.00124.00123.00133.00131.00141.00139.00150.00146.00158.0018112.00109.00123.00146.00158.00156.00168.00166.00179.00176.00190.00186.0020

8、1.0020138.00135.00152.00180.00195.00192.00208.00205.00221.00217.00235.00229.00248.0022167.00163.00184.00218.00236.00233.00252.00248.00268.00263.00284.00277.00300.0024199.00194.00219.00259.00281.00277.00300.00295.00319.00312.00338.00330.00357.0026234.00228.00258.00305.00329.00325.00352.00346.00374.00

9、367.00397.00388.00419.0028271.00264.00299.00353.00382.00377.00408.00401.00434.00426.00460.00450.00486.00（30）311.00303.00343.00406.00439.00433.00469.00461.00498.00489.00528.00516.00558.0032354.00345.00390.00462.00499.00493.00533.00524.00567.00556.00601.00587.00635.00（34）400.00390.00440.00521.00564.00

10、557.00602.00592.00640.00628.00679.00663.00717.0036448.00437.00494.00584.00632.00524.00675.00664.00718.00704.00761.00744.00804.00（38）500.00487.00550.00651.00704.00695.00752.00740.00800.00784.00848.00828.00896.0040554.00539.00610.00722.00780.00771.00833.00820.00887.00869.00940.00918.00993.00（42）610.00

11、594.00672.00796.00860.00850.00919.00904.00978.00958.001030.001010.001090.0044670.00652.00738.00873.00944.00933.001000.00992.001070.001050.001130.001110.001200.00（46）732.00713.00806.00954.001030.001010.001100.001080.001170.001140.001240.001210.001310.00注:1.最小鋼絲破斷拉力總和=鋼絲繩最小破斷拉力×1.197(纖維芯或l.287(鋼芯

12、)。        2.新設計設備不得選用括號內(nèi)的鋼絲繩直徑。        鋼絲繩（6×37+1）主要技術(shù)參數(shù)（GB/T8918-1996）        注 :1.最小鋼絲破斷拉力總和=鋼絲繩最小破斷拉×1.249( 維芯)或l.336(鋼芯)。        2.新設計設備不得選用括號內(nèi)的鋼絲繩直徑。&

13、#160;      下表為鋼絲繩 (6×61+1) 的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)。  注:在黑線之下只有普通鋼絲繩,無鍍缽鋼絲繩。(三) 鋼絲繩的許用拉力    鋼絲繩的許用拉力可按式計算                       P=T/K   &

14、#160;                      式中 T鋼絲繩的破斷拉力,kN;   K鋼絲繩的安全系數(shù),按下表選用。    如鋼絲繩的規(guī)格表中給出鋼絲破斷拉力總和時,應先求鋼絲繩破斷拉力,再計算鋼絲繩的許用拉力，即 :       鋼絲繩破斷拉力=換算系數(shù)×鋼絲破斷拉力總

15、和  按 GB/T89181996標準,換算系數(shù)C值為:             6×19鋼絲繩C=0.85;6×37鋼絲繩C=0.82;6×61鋼絲繩C =0.80                        下表鋼

16、絲繩安全系數(shù) 起重機類型特性和使用范圍最小安全系數(shù)  欖桿式起重機、自行式起重機及 其他類型的起重機和卷揚機 手傳動4.5機械傳動輕型中型重型55.5610KN以下手動卷揚機  4 纜索式起重機承擔重量的鋼絲繩 3.5  各種用途的鋼絲繩  運輸熱金屬、易燃物、易爆物捆綁設備纜風繩千斤繩(繩扣) 663610    (四)舊鋼絲繩的折減使用和報廢 久用后的鋼絲繩會出現(xiàn)磨損、銹蝕和斷絲,使其破斷拉力明顯減小,

17、但一般還可折減使用,如損壞嚴重時必須報廢。 1.折減   按鋼絲繩的斷絲數(shù),下表中查得折減系數(shù),對其破斷力進行折減,若鋼絲繩表面又有磨損,則按下表中對折減系數(shù)向更小方向修正。        表鋼絲繩斷絲的折;咸系數(shù)(一個節(jié)距內(nèi))  鋼絲繩破斷力的 折減系數(shù) 鋼絲繩的股絲數(shù)6×19+16×37+16×61+1捻繞方式交捻順捻交捻順捻交捻順捻 0.95 0.90 0.83 0.80 

18、;05101417>173578>81l192833>33691416>1618194043>43914202l>21注:一個節(jié)距的含義如多頭螺紋的導程。                鋼絲繩表面磨損時折;咸系數(shù)的修正系數(shù) 鋼絲表面磨損占直徑的分數(shù)/%101520253030以上 修正系數(shù)0.8O.7O.65O.55O.50O 注 : 表中磨損比率按單根鋼絲或整根鋼絲繩計算均可。&

19、#160;    2. 報廢     如鋼絲繩有斷股、銹蝕嚴重、斷絲和磨損超過標準、受熱退火和發(fā)生各種嚴重變形時,鋼絲繩應報廢。按國家規(guī)范規(guī)定,在一個節(jié)距內(nèi)斷絲根數(shù)達到下表所列根數(shù)時,鋼絲繩即應報?。                       表為 鋼絲繩在一個節(jié)距內(nèi)斷絲的報廢標準強度安全系數(shù)6×19+16×37+16×61+1 交捻順捻交捻順捻交捻順捻 71214166782226302226303638401