詞匯與語法第5講(虛擬語氣-倒裝句)

1、整理課件1詞匯與語法第5講虛擬語氣& 倒裝句整理課件2虛擬語氣在學(xué)位英語考試中的具體體現(xiàn)：1. 虛擬條件句;2. 虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用;整理課件31. 虛擬條件句虛擬條件句: 虛擬條件句就是對現(xiàn)實(shí)條件的一種虛擬假設(shè)，所假設(shè)的條件一般不符合事實(shí)或與事實(shí)相反或在現(xiàn)實(shí)中發(fā)生的可能性極小。 根據(jù)時間的不同，虛擬條件句可分為三種，即 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句; 與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句; 與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。整理課件4虛擬條件句虛擬條件句整理課件5例句：1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I had enough money now ， I would lend it to you.I

2、f I were you ， I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反If he had taken your advice ， he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy.整理課件63.表示與將來事實(shí)相反 I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow. If he we

3、re to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more.整理課件7考試可能會涉及：虛擬條件句的倒裝考試可能會涉及：虛擬條件句的倒裝為了強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣，虛擬條件句可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 虛擬條件句的倒裝是通過去掉去掉if，把條件從句謂語中的助動詞、，把條件從句謂語中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞放在句首情態(tài)動詞或系動詞放在句首實(shí)現(xiàn)的。例如：If I had been in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much

4、money. Had I been in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money. Should there be a drought， what should we do at that time ？ If there should be a drought， what should we do at that time ？整理課件8虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 中的一些含蓄表達(dá)中的一些含蓄表達(dá)有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過某個介詞或介詞短語（如：otherwis

5、e， without， but for）、上下文或其它方式表現(xiàn)出來。 這種句子稱為含蓄條件句。例如：But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.Without many teachers advice, I could not have passed the examination so quickly.整理課件9虛擬語氣在從句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語氣在從句中的運(yùn)用u在某些詞或短語后接的從句中要使用虛擬語氣，表示愿望、建議或命令等。u根據(jù)虛擬語氣的形式不同，可以分為“should類”和“過去時

6、態(tài)類”。一、should類這一類的虛擬語氣是通過從句中的謂語動詞使用“should +動詞原形”體現(xiàn)出來的，should可以省可以省略略。其具體運(yùn)用體現(xiàn)在：整理課件101.在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建議、命令、要求、意見的動詞后接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如： Mike suggests that Curie should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as

7、 soon as possible.Jack proposed that we （should） deal with the problem by the view of development.整理課件112.與suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞suggestion， order， demand ， proposal 等后的表語從句或同位語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。 如：如：The general sent the order that the battle（should） be

8、held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.整理課件123.在It is/was suggested （ordered ， demanded ， proposed ， etc. ） 結(jié)構(gòu)以及necessary ， essential， important， strange， natural等形容詞后的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。 如：Its requested that we （should） keep t

9、he stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life. It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.整理課件13虛擬語氣在從句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語氣在從句中的運(yùn)用二、過去時態(tài)類二、過去時態(tài)類 英語中，還有一些詞或短語后接的從句或句子，也要使用虛擬語氣，虛擬語氣是通過句中的謂語使用過去的某種時態(tài)（如：一般過去時、過去完成時一般過去時、過去完成時等）來體現(xiàn)的。 1. wish ， would rather 后的賓語從句。后的賓語從句。He

10、wished he had never been involved in such affairs. Vivian wishes she could get the job soon. I would rather you could teach me again. 整理課件142. It is（about/high） time that句型句型It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment. It is about time we gave up searc

11、hing for the missing dog.整理課件153. as if， as though引導(dǎo)的從句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.4.由if only （要是，那該多好?。。┮龑?dǎo)的驚嘆句。如：If only I had passed the test ！If only it stopped raining！整理課件16 Tom Smith wished that his parents _ in the

12、 stricken area when the earthquake occurred. A. were not B. are not C. have not been D. had not been 答案：D (2005學(xué)位真題) The proposal that business companies _guided by professionals for their new scheme of developments was accepted without disagreement. A. be B. are C. was D. were 答案：A (2005學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬

13、語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件17 Professor Wang said that he would rather his student Jane _ to the conference. A. go B. went C. gone D. going 答案：B (2005學(xué)位真題) If I _ a book on the habits of mice, Id not start working without sufficient observation on them. A. were to write B. have written C. write D. am writing 答案

14、：A (2005學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件18 _, the police would have caught the criminal earlier. A. Had they received the clue in time B. If they received the clue in time C. They have received the clue in time D. Did they receive the clue in time 答案：A (2005學(xué)位真題) _ the interference from the local resident

15、s, the delegation would have caught the train bound for Edinburgh. A. Due to B. Except for C. In case of D. But for 答案：D (2005學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件19 All the participants believe that it is high time that the two neighboring countries _ a fresh round of negotiation regarding the economic cooper

16、ation. A. starting B. started C. have started D. being starting 答案：B (2005學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件20 The suggestion that colleges _ administrated by professors was approved by the board. A. isB. areC. be D. were 答案：C (2006學(xué)位真題) The player asked he an opportunity to explain his case. A. gives B. be

17、 given C. is givenD. should give 答案：B (2007學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件21虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧 The new findings by the research crew suggested that the governments housing plans _not practicable. A. be B. should be C. was D. were 答案：答案：D (2005學(xué)位真題學(xué)位真題)整理課件22 The chairman insist that there a meeting to be

18、held within the shortest possible time. A. isB. will be C. was D. be 答案：D (2007學(xué)位真題) My suggestion was that he _ the offer as soon as possible. A. should take B. takes C. would take D. took 答案：A (2007學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件23 If all the people in the world spoke the same language, cultural and ec

19、onomic ties _ be much closer among countries now. A. will B. should C. shall D. would 答案：D (2007學(xué)位真題) I wish I _ in the sun by a swimming pool instead of sitting in this classroom. A. have lain B. were lying C. lay D. lie 答案：B (2008學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件24 It is essential that all the reports to

20、 be published _ twice. A. be checked B. would be checked C. were checked D. will be checked 答案：A (2008學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件25 _ for their support, he would have gone penniless. A. If it is not B. If it is C. Were it D. Were it not 答案：D (2009學(xué)位真題) I arrived late; I _ the traffic to be so heavy t

21、his morning. A. wasnt expecting B. wouldnt expect C. havent expected D. hadnt expected 答案：D (2009學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件26It is high time that the international community _together to fight against terrorism.work B works C. worked D. working答案：C (2012學(xué)位真題)The demand made by the workers is that th

22、eir salaries _to cover the increased cost of living.increased B. be increasedC. be increasing D. were increased答案：B (2012學(xué)位真題)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 真題回顧真題回顧整理課件27(2)當(dāng)句首狀語為否定詞否定詞或帶有否定含義的詞語否定含義的詞語時，常見的這類詞或詞語有not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely 以及以及not until, no sooner.than, hardly.when, .no.等。1.Seldom had

23、 I seen such a beautiful picture. 2.Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang. 3.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 4.At no time have I said such a thing. (3) 在省去省去if的虛擬條件從句中。的虛擬條件從句中。1.Should I be free this afternoon,I would come and help you with your lesson. (future)2.Were I in your place. I would not be fit for your job.（present）3.Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. （past） (4)在So .that的句型中。 So excited was he that he couldntt say a word.So warm is the weather that we decide to go sho