(優(yōu)能)高中語法串講非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞郭國棟郭國棟考點(diǎn)分析考點(diǎn)分析 年份年份 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)31(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))36(過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)過去分詞作賓補(bǔ))72(不定式作賓語不定式作賓語)74 (動(dòng)名詞作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語)72(過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語)73(動(dòng)名詞作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語)2007200820092010非謂語動(dòng)詞?？键c(diǎn)：1、-ing(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))/to do作主語2、-ing/to do作賓語3、-ing/to do作補(bǔ)語4、-ing/to do作定語5、-ing/to do作狀語6、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)-ing(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))作主語1. -ing做主語置于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)e.g. Being invited to

2、 the party was a great honor to the family._ (獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金) gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states. (win)Winning a scholarship-ing如何變否定形式？如何變否定形式？(2009湖北湖北74)_(不會(huì)用不會(huì)用) a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)Not being able to useBei

3、ng unable to useNot knowing how to use2. It is no use/good doing sth. 句型e.g. Is it any good trying to explain?3. there be句型中用-ing形式e.g. There is no point in persuading her.4. -ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(his/Toms doing)e.g. Toms coming home at last was a great comfort to his parents.(2010湖北湖北73)to do做主語e.g. It is easi

4、er to spend money than to make money.To love for the sake of being loved is human, but to love for the sake of loving is angelic.It is better to love someone you cant have than to have someone you cant love.因?yàn)楸粣鄱鴲?，是人之常情；因?yàn)楸粣鄱鴲?，是人之常情；因?yàn)閻鄱鴲?，則難能可貴。因?yàn)閻鄱鴲郏瑒t難能可貴。1. _(湯姆拒絕接受湯姆拒絕接受)the invitation made me up

5、set(accept) Toms refusing to accept2. _ (她沒有參加她沒有參加) my wedding disappointed me. (attend)Her not attending3. Its no use _ (哭泣哭泣) spilt milk. (cry)crying over練習(xí)覆水難收覆水難收That Tom refused to acceptThat she didnt attend4. There is no point _(與他爭論與他爭論). (argue) arguing with him5. _(毋庸置疑毋庸置疑) the fact that

6、 he is right. (deny)There is no denying-ing/to do 做賓語1. 下列動(dòng)詞只能接下列動(dòng)詞只能接to do作賓語作賓語decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help口訣：口訣：決心學(xué)會(huì)想一想，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。決心學(xué)會(huì)想一想，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請求幫一幫。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請求幫一幫。e.g. She pretended

7、not to see me when I passed by.2. 下列動(dòng)詞只能接下列動(dòng)詞只能接-ing作賓語作賓語consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep (on), practice, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape口訣：口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想?？紤]建議盼原諒

8、，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。e.g. The thief was so lucky that it just _(沒有被抓到?jīng)]有被抓到) by the police. (miss) missed being caughtHe told me that he didnt mind _(我用他的電腦我用他的電腦) for a while. (use)my using his computer3. 下列動(dòng)詞既可以接下列動(dòng)詞既可以接-ing，也可以接，也可以接to do作作賓語，但意義

9、不同。賓語，但意義不同。forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, cant helpe.g. In most cases, customers cant help _(被說服購買被說服購買) things they actually do not need. (persuade)being persuaded to buyI didnt mean _(傷害你傷害你), Diana, but I did, and I have been feeling upset about it. (hurt)to hurt you4. to do在介

10、詞在介詞but, other than后面時(shí)，如介后面時(shí)，如介詞前有詞前有do，則不定式不帶，則不定式不帶to，否則要帶，否則要帶to。e.g. We could do nothing but/other than wait.He had no choice but to wait.口訣：前有口訣：前有do不用不用to；前無；前無do要用要用to。1. The young man is considering _(買買房房)before the prices go up(buy) buying a house2. I found it hard_ (解解決這個(gè)難題決這個(gè)難題)in such a

11、 short time. (solve)to solve the difficult problem3. If I had remembered _(關(guān)關(guān)窗戶窗戶) the thief wouldnt have got in. (close)to close the windows練習(xí)4. He has always regretted _(沒有沒有更努力學(xué)習(xí)更努力學(xué)習(xí)) at school. (study) not studying/having studied harder5. He narrowly escaped _(軋著了軋著了). (run)being run over6. Aft

12、er a long delay I finally got round to _(調(diào)查此事調(diào)查此事). (look)looking into the matter介詞介詞7. The flowers are dying and_(需要需要澆水澆水). (need) need watering8. No one would have dreamed of _ (有這么一個(gè)好地有這么一個(gè)好地方方). (there)there being such a good place9. I dont want _(有有任何誤會(huì)任何誤會(huì)) on this point. (there)there to be a

13、ny misunderstandingto be watered小結(jié)：小結(jié)：1. 某些動(dòng)詞后只能接某些動(dòng)詞后只能接-ing或或to do作賓語作賓語2. 某些動(dòng)詞后接某些動(dòng)詞后接-ing或或to do作賓語時(shí)意義不同作賓語時(shí)意義不同3. 注意介詞注意介詞( (短語短語) )后接動(dòng)名詞后接動(dòng)名詞4. want, need, require, demand等動(dòng)詞后可接動(dòng)等動(dòng)詞后可接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，也可接動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式名詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，也可接動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式5. 注意注意there be的變化形式的變化形式-ing/to do 做補(bǔ)語1. -ing與與to do作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別I hear

14、d her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I heard her sing an English just now.I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行主動(dòng)，完成主動(dòng)，完成被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行歸納：歸納：感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice等后面的

15、賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況等后面的賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況2. 使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞have, get接三種形式的賓補(bǔ)接三種形式的賓補(bǔ)have/get sb. dohave/get sb./sth. doinghave/get sth. donee.g. Whom would you rather have go with you?I want to have my hair cut.練一練：練一練：The car _(我請人修過的我請人修過的) broke down again. (have, repair)(that) I had repaired(that) I had had repaired3. ing/to

16、 do作賓補(bǔ)小竅門作賓補(bǔ)小竅門下列動(dòng)詞后在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用不帶下列動(dòng)詞后在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)的不定式作補(bǔ)語，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上語，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to吾看三室兩廳一感覺吾看三室兩廳一感覺5 5看：看：3 3使：使：2 2聽：聽：1 1感覺：感覺：look at, see, watch, notice, observemake, let, havelisten to, hearfeele.g. Someone was heard to come up the stairs.1. The lady looked down at her neck and found _(項(xiàng)鏈不見了項(xiàng)

17、鏈不見了). (miss) her necklace missing2. Its wrong of you to _ (讓機(jī)器讓機(jī)器一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)) all the time. (leave)leave the machine running3. The guests left _(大部分大部分飯菜未動(dòng)飯菜未動(dòng)), because they didnt taste delicious. (untouch)most of the dishes untouched練習(xí)練習(xí)4. The manager left_(我去完成我去完成) all the rest work. (finish) me t

18、o finish5. Ill _ (請人修自行車請人修自行車) tomorrow. (repair)have/get my bike repaired6. Allow me _(干杯干杯) our friendship. (drink)to drink (a toast) to7. A Dream of Red Chamber _(據(jù)說據(jù)說已譯成已譯成) dozens of foreign languages in the last decade. (translate) is said to have been translated into小結(jié)：小結(jié)：1. 感官動(dòng)詞后接不帶感官動(dòng)詞后接不帶

19、to的不定式作的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變賓補(bǔ)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)加上被動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)加上to。2. have/get, leave后賓補(bǔ)的形式根據(jù)賓語與賓后賓補(bǔ)的形式根據(jù)賓語與賓補(bǔ)的關(guān)系來確定。補(bǔ)的關(guān)系來確定。3. 不定式做不定式做主補(bǔ)主補(bǔ)句型句型: :sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered+不定式。不定式。 falling leaves fallen leaves the boiling water the boiled water developing countries developed countries a carved figure a divide

20、d country a flooded street a ploughed field分詞作定語分詞作定語單個(gè)分詞作定語放在修飾詞前單個(gè)分詞作定語放在修飾詞前e.g. I know the boy standing under the tall tree. =I know the boy who is standing under the tall tree.The apartments being built are for the teachers.=The apartments that/which are being built are for the teachers.Most of

21、 the artists invited to the Party were from Europe.=Most of the artists who were invited to the Party were from Europe.分詞作后置定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句分詞作后置定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句不定式作定語不定式作定語e.g. Many poor people have no houses to live in.1.1.不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語后面須有相應(yīng)介詞不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語后面須有相應(yīng)介詞2.2.不定式主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語含義不同不定式主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語含義不同Have yo

22、u got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?3.3.不定式表將來不定式表將來, ,與與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系e.g. The bike to be bought is for his brother.4.4.被被only, last, next, 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞, , 最高級(jí)修飾的名詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞與不定式構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系與不定式構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系e.g. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5. 5. 不定式修飾的詞是抽象名詞，構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系

23、不定式修飾的詞是抽象名詞，構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系e.g. She got a chance to go abroad.1. The farmer discovered in the ground a pot _ (里面里面裝有裝有32,00032,000枚中國錢幣枚中國錢幣). (contain) containing 32,000 Chinese mental coins2. The largest collection _ (在英國在英國發(fā)現(xiàn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)的) was one of about 200,000 silver pennies. (find) found in England3. The iss

24、ue _ (正在討論正在討論的的) is of great importance. (discuss)being discussed練習(xí)練習(xí)which is4. The project _(完工完工) by the end of 2012, will expand the citys telephone network to cover one million users. (complete) to be completed5. I have no partner _(練習(xí)英語口語練習(xí)英語口語). (speak)to speak oral English with6. The pilot w

25、as the only person _(在在空難中幸存空難中幸存). (survive)to survive the air crash小結(jié)：小結(jié)：1. 分詞作后置定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句分詞作后置定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句2. 不定式做定語與所修飾的名詞有三種關(guān)系：不定式做定語與所修飾的名詞有三種關(guān)系：動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系分詞作狀語分詞作狀語e.g. Hearing the bad news, she couldnt help crying.Being a leader, he has to set us a good example.The boys parents

26、 were killed in the accident, leaving him an orphan.下列句子有什么問題嗎？下列句子有什么問題嗎？Looking out of the window, there are lots of people in the street.Looking out of the window, I saw lots of people in the street.Being a pop fan, Jay Chou is her favorite.Being a pop fan, she likes Jay Chou most.After doing my

27、homework, the dog was fed.After doing my homework, I fed the dog.注意：分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子主語一致，否則注意：分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子主語一致，否則句子邏輯有問題。句子邏輯有問題。分詞作狀語可變成狀語從句分詞作狀語可變成狀語從句e.g. Given more time, I will do it better.= If I am given more time, I will do it better.Destroyed by the earthquake, the house had to be rebuilt.=Beca

28、use the house was destroyed by the earthquake, the house had to be rebuilt.現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞？現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞？主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系過去分詞過去分詞分詞的完成式與否定式分詞的完成式與否定式e.g. Having waited in the queue for half an hour, the young man suddenly realized he had left the check in the car.Not knowing her address, I cant send

29、 this book to him.不定式作狀語不定式作狀語e.g. To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire wisdom, one must observe.目的狀語目的狀語He worked very hard, only to find he had not finished half of the job.表示意外或事與愿違的結(jié)果表示意外或事與愿違的結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語1. _(走在田野里走在田野里) on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (w

30、alk)2. The teacher came into the classroom, _ (后面跟著一群后面跟著一群學(xué)生學(xué)生) . (follow)followed by a group of students3. _(被告訴了多次被告訴了多次), he still made the same mistake. (tell)Having been told many times練習(xí)練習(xí)4. _(沒有收到答復(fù)沒有收到答復(fù)), he wrote an application to the company again. (receive) Not having received the reply

31、5. We hurried to the railway station, _(結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)) the train had just left. (find)only to find小結(jié)：小結(jié)：1. 主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞2. 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系過去分詞過去分詞3. 分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子動(dòng)作之前分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子動(dòng)作之前完成式完成式4. 否定式否定式not加在分詞或不定式之前加在分詞或不定式之前非謂語動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：非謂語動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Spring coming, the field is very green.

32、=When spring comes, Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.=As many eyes were watching him, =If weather permits, The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.=, and his eyes were looking at the sky.The task completed, he had two months leave.=When the task had been completed, The boo

33、k written in single English, English beginners are able to read it.=As the book is written in single English, His girlfriend to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.=As his girlfriend is to come tonight, Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our new-built school will look even more

34、beautiful.=If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, The manager looks worried, many things to settle.事情還沒有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來事情還沒有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來處理。處理。The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.事情處理好了，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束。事情處理好了，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束。女孩一邊做飯，一邊唱歌。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作女孩一邊做飯，一邊唱歌。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）同時(shí)進(jìn)行）The food cooked, the girl went

35、 to bed.飯做好了，女孩去睡了。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有飯做好了，女孩去睡了。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后）先后）動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束口訣：一去，二看，三改。口訣：一去，二看，三改。 一去：去連詞；二看：看主語；三改：改分詞。一去：去連詞；二看：看主語；三改：改分詞。e.g. If such is the case, you should apologize to her. =Such being the case, you should apologize to her. 狀語從句如何變成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)？狀語從句如何變成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)？1.

36、 _(錢全花光后錢全花光后), he started hunting for jobs. (spend) All the money having been spent2. _ (誰都無話可誰都無話可說了說了), the discussion was over. (say)Nobody having any more to say3. _(這么多人缺席這么多人缺席), the meeting had to be put off. (absent)So many people being absent練習(xí)練習(xí)With all the money spentFather fell asleep with all the lights on.I