中考英語閱讀理解專題《閱讀理解全攻略》

1、中考英語閱讀理解全攻略 一、“選擇型”閱讀理解篇 “選擇式 ”閱讀理解是最普通的閱讀理解題。具體來講主要針對以下幾個方面進(jìn)行考查： 1、文章的個別詞或句子； 2、文章的某個細(xì)節(jié)或情節(jié)； 3、文章的主題； 4、文章的結(jié)論或結(jié) 局； 5、文章內(nèi)涵的隱義或寓意等。 做這類閱讀理解題時，我們也要注意一些技巧： 1、首先看短文的開頭和結(jié)尾，從而確定短文的題材，預(yù)測短文內(nèi)容。每段的第一句話 也往往會提供重要信息，可以幫助我們搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。 2、速讀全文，整體理解短文大意。閱讀時要抓住關(guān)鍵詞語，把握它們之間的相互關(guān)系， 弄清文章的大意。 3、根據(jù)已知的短文內(nèi)容，著手解題?？上葘⒑竺娴脑囶}預(yù)覽

2、一邊，然后帶著問題再去 閱讀， 邊閱讀邊解題。 這樣做一方面有助于對文章的進(jìn)一步理解， 另一方面可以有針對性地 從文章中尋找答案。 4、迅速復(fù)讀短文，檢查自己的理解是否正確， 所選答案前后是否矛盾。 提高全面考慮， 最后確定答案。 為了幫助大家理解、應(yīng)用，請看2006 年成都市中考試題： not true. There are many interesting stories in the paper. You just need to make clear what you are looking at. “I spend about half an hour reading newspap

3、ers every day," said 15 -year-old Gao Ming from Beijing. “I m interested in things happening at school.” Sc Some teenagers think that newspapers are boring and only for adults. But that s hool news is just one kind of news story in newspapers. There s also world news: from international problem

4、s to pop stars. Read the newspaper carefully, well find different types of articles on the pages: News stories these stories are about events. Reporters try to show all points of a story to help readers understand what happened. Reporters try to speak to as many people as possible. They also use pic

5、tures and numbers to show the readers that the stories are true. The newspaper has lots of news stories on the news page and front page. When we read them, we learn more about the facts, not the writers ideas. e writers add their own opinions to the news. Writers pick only the facts that help back u

6、p their ideas. They make readers believe that they are telling the truth. This is usually the kind of story that gets people thinking. Go to “Speak Out ” on Page Two f Opinion writing opinion writing is usually about something happening right now. But it isn t just facts. Her or an example of opinio

7、n writing in Teenagers. Advertisement Dont get happy too early when you read them. Those sweet words and lovely pictures are just ways to get us interested in their products! People have to pay to put advertisements in newspapers! means that the 1. The underlined sentence “You need to make clear wha

8、t you are looking at. ” readers “ _ ”. A. should understand interesting news stories B. ought to know which kind of things to read C. need to look at the school news first D. must know the contents of all the news 2. Writers use some facts in opinion writings because they want us _ their opinions. A

9、. to understand B. to remember C. to agree with D. to speak out 3. We can not find the facts of an event _ A. in advertisements B. in the school news C. in opinion writing D. on the front page ers. 4. In the writer s opinion, we d better be _ advertisements in newspap A. interested in B. against C.

10、worried about D. careful of 5. This passage mainly discusses how _. A. reporters write different kinds of news B. teenagers get interested in newspapers C. readers can read newspapers in better ways D. readers can deal with different kinds of news in newspapers 從命題形式來看， 這是一篇典型的 “選擇式 ”閱讀理解題； 從短文的首句可初

11、步判斷， 這 是一篇與報紙有關(guān)的說明文。 眾所周知， 報紙在現(xiàn)實生活中有不可替代的作用。 本文就記述 了報紙上經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的三類文章，即news stories, opinion writing, advertisement 。 You need to make clear what you are looking at ”的意思是 “你應(yīng)該弄清楚你正在讀什么 ”，即“你應(yīng)該知道要讀哪方面的內(nèi)容 ”。故 正確答案為 B。 第 2 題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由短文第四段 “They make readers believe that they are telling the truth. ” 第 1 題是詞義

12、猜測題。 由第一段 “There are many interesting stories in the paper.和高明所 ” 說的話 “I m interested in things happening at school.可知“ ” 一句可直接選出正確答案為 C。 第 3 題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。分析比較四個選項，可以運用排除法選出正確答案為A。 第 4 題是推理判斷題。做這類題我們要將表層信息和深層信息結(jié)合起來通盤考慮，領(lǐng) 會其深層涵義從而找到不言自明的結(jié)論或答案， 這種推理判斷一定要以文章所提供的事實為 依據(jù)， 不能憑空設(shè)想，這樣才能得出合理的推斷。 如本題，綜合分析短文最后一段即知道作

13、 者對廣告的觀點 不要輕易相信，要當(dāng)心。故確定 D 為正確答案；而其它三個選項均不 符合題意。 第 5 題是主旨?xì)w納題。通讀全文，即可以發(fā)現(xiàn)B 選項不符合短文內(nèi)容，先排除；而 A、 D 兩個選項都比較片面，且不是作者寫這篇文章的真正目的。故正確答案為C。 二、“判斷正誤型”閱讀理解篇 “根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容， 判斷正誤 ”是中考閱讀理解中?？碱}型之一。 做此類題前， 考生要先讀 懂短文，理解短文的大意和脈絡(luò)，然后依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容對試題后所給出的句子進(jìn)行是非判斷。 對每一道題進(jìn)行判斷時， 一定要從文章的具體段落或句子中找到依據(jù)， 并進(jìn)行認(rèn)真比較分析， 不能憑印象想當(dāng)然。 對有些似是而非的句子， 一定要認(rèn)真識

14、別， 只有完全符合文章意思的方 可判定為正確。 那些基本意思相符， 卻仍有某一點不符合的應(yīng)判定為錯誤。 有些正誤判斷題 要從西方語言文化及歷史背景入手，因此多了解英美文化背景和習(xí)俗可以提高答題的正確 率。 為了幫助考生理解和記憶，請看下面的2006 年陜西省中考試題： Sally was fourteen. She studied in a middle school. She liked dancing and singing and spent a lot of time on them. But she hated maths and even decided to give it up

15、. Her father was anxious (焦慮) about it. father gave a call to his sister who taught maths in another school. It was Sunday. Sally s He hoped she would come and tell his daughter how to learn maths. The woman came and said, “You are a clever girl, Sally. I m sure you will soon learn maths well if you

16、 do your best. “I m afraid I can t, Aunt, ” said Sally. “Girls can t be good at maths. ” “I don t think so, ” said the woman. “I was good at it when I was a girl. You must do more exercises and try different ways to practise doing maths problems until you work them out or at least understand them be

17、tter. Here is a maths problem. Please think it over and see if you can work it out. ” “OK,” said the girl. “Let me try. ” About an hour later Sally took the exercise book to her aunt and said, “I ve tried severa and worked out the problem at last!" “Welldone! ” her aunt looked at her answer and

18、 said happily, “Now you see, maths is not as difficult as you thought.” 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正(T)誤(F)。 1. Sally tried her best to learn maths but could not learn it well. good at maths. 4. The father asked his sister to teach his daughter how to learn maths. 5. Sally worked out the problem at last 通讀全文，可知本文敘述了

19、Sally s 2. Sally spent much more time in singing and dancing than in learning maths. 3. Her aunt didn t think that girls could be aunt 如何教她學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的故事，這是一篇典型的記敘 文。答案和解析如下： 1. B 推理判斷題。通讀全文，由第一段可知 “Sally并沒有盡力去學(xué)數(shù)學(xué) ”，所以并不能 判斷她學(xué)不好數(shù)學(xué)。故本題錯誤。 2. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由短文第一段 “She liked dancing and singing and spent a lot of ti

20、me on them. ”可直接判斷本題正確。 所說的 “I don t think 和so, ” “I was good at it when I was a 3. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 由 Sally s aunt girl. ” 可知 Sally s aunt 認(rèn)為 “女孩也可以學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué) ”，故本題正確。 4. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段 “He hoped she would come and tell his daughter how to learn 可知本題正確。 5. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。仔細(xì)閱讀短文的最后兩段可判斷本題正確。 星沙英語網(wǎng) maths. ” 三、“回答問題型”閱讀理解篇

21、“問答式 ”閱讀理解是以非選擇題形式出現(xiàn)的閱讀理解題型之一， 也是中考及歌各類英語 考試中的?？碱}型之一。 這類試題的題目相對比較容易， 只要根據(jù)問句意思在短文中找到相 關(guān)信息，然后組織語言，以完整的句子或省略句作出回答即可。如： TV PROGRAMME 18 21 FEBRUARY 根據(jù)表格及圖畫內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。 1. When is “Life Under Water ” on? _ 2. What time does “Football in Action ” start? _ 3. When are the most sports programmes shown, during

22、 the week or at the weekend? _ 4. How many days is “The Old West ” shown at the cinema? _ 5. When is “Action Robot ” going to be shown? _ 本題是個圖表題， 要求我們根據(jù)圖表中的信息回答問題, 主要介紹了二月 18 日至 21 日 中的 10：30，然后把它們連在一起抄下來即可，答案為At 10:30 on Thursday。第 2題，在表中找到 Saturday 欄中 Football in Action 相對應(yīng)的時間 7：00，就解 決問題了， 答案為 A

23、t 7:00 。第 3 題是個選擇性的特殊疑問句， 我們只要認(rèn)真比較the week 和 at the weekend中的體育電視節(jié)目，就不能發(fā)現(xiàn)答案為At the weekend。第 4和 5 題是針對下 面的那個圖而出的， 通過觀察圖畫和文字信息， 就可找出正確答案應(yīng)分別為 Three days， In March。 值得一提的是： 做該類閱讀理解題時要寫規(guī)范、正確的英文句子， 且不能答非所問，也 不能畫蛇添足；同時，要注意大小寫和標(biāo)點符號。 的電視節(jié)目。它文字簡潔，信息量大，乍一看，簡直令人眼花繚亂，但試題卻十分簡單，只 要我們找到了對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，如實回答就行了。例如第1 題，在表中找到

24、Life Under Water 相 對應(yīng)的時間 “Tuesday” 星沙英語網(wǎng) 四、“短文改寫填空型”閱讀理解篇 “短文改寫填空式 ”閱讀理解是閱讀理解題中比較難的一種題型， 并且已逐漸成為閱讀理 解題中不可忽視的一個重點題型。 它要求我們必須先把短文的大意弄清楚， 而且還要有較強(qiáng) 的概括能力。所以要想做好這種題，除了平時下功夫之外，掌握一定的技巧也是不可少的。 首先，我們在通讀短文之后，對其大意要有了解；同時，我們要找出關(guān)鍵詞句，而對于 不太重要的句子可以一帶而過，不必在個別詞上花太多的時間。 其次， 綜覽縮寫后的短文，在了解其大意的同時， 確定所要填寫的內(nèi)容，即詞語或短語 是否與已知短文

25、中的相一致。 如有的屬于固定搭配， 有的句子是文中原句的同義句， 這些只 要稍加注意，就可避免出錯。同時要注意動詞時態(tài)、人稱，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)是否有誤，首字母是 否大寫等等。 千萬不要在沒有完全讀懂短文時就匆匆填寫單詞， 如果時間允許的話， 一定要 慢速多讀幾遍，直到讀懂時再確定所要填寫的單詞。 最后，我們還要復(fù)查、審核、校對。做完題目后，要立足整體，將改寫后的文章再通讀 一遍， 看看所改寫的短文是否流暢， 語句是否通順，同時還要照顧到原文， 看所改寫的短文 是否與原文意思相符。 若有疑問， 則需徹底弄清原來所填單詞的錯誤之所在， 以及新填單詞 為什么正確后，方可改正。否則十之八九改錯。 總之，做此

26、類題，關(guān)鍵在于理解文意。具體說，要抓住短文的脈絡(luò)，掌握文章的線索， 以句意為小整體，靈活運用所學(xué)知識，根據(jù)短文語境，克服厭倦、畏懼和急噪的心理，認(rèn)真 推敲， 確定所要填寫的正確單詞。 隨著對語篇整體理解的加深和具體情景的逐步把握， 特別 是大量單詞的填入， 短文整體內(nèi)容就會完整地再現(xiàn)，從而構(gòu)成一個文意通達(dá)、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、內(nèi) 容連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的篇章。下面請看2005 年黑龍江省課改實驗區(qū)的中考試題： 滑鐵盧 )? ”“ Waterloo? Sams teacher was asking him some questions. “Sam, what is Waterloo ( Oh, it is a

27、kind of washing machine, I think. ” The teacher shook his head. ” Same, be serious, please. Now tell me the answer to a very, very easy question. Who was Washington?” “Well, ” the answer came quickly, “he must be the man who uses that washing machine.” 總統(tǒng) ) of the United States now?” “Sorry, The teacher was a little angry, but he did not give up. He thought and thought,