關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞用法

1、關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞)有時(shí)可以省略, 但這只限于限制性定語從句中, 在非限制性定語從句中, 關(guān)系詞則不可省略。1.關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)的省略: 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語時(shí), 可以省略。Is there anything (that/which) you wanted? 注意: 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little以及不定代詞anything, something, everything等時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞多用thatWho is the man (that/who/whom) you were talking

2、to? This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.注意: 當(dāng)先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或限定詞the only, the very, all, every, any, no等時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞一般都用that2.關(guān)系代詞作表語時(shí)的省略： 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作表語時(shí), 可以省略。China is not the country (that) it was.3.關(guān)系代詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)的省略：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí), 可以省略。Im not the madman (that) you thought me. tha

3、t做賓補(bǔ)4.關(guān)系副詞when的省略： 用作時(shí)間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略, 但有一種特殊情況, 即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后可以省略, 也可換成thatThat was the year (when/that) I first went abroad.Ill never forget the day (when/that) we met.5. 關(guān)系副詞where的省略： 用作地點(diǎn)狀語的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略, 但有一種特殊情況, 即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)才可以省略,

4、也可換成thatThis is the place (where/that) they met yesterday.Have you met somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 6. 關(guān)系副詞why的省略: 關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句, 且通常可換成that或for which, 均可省略。Thats the reason (why/for which/that) he came.關(guān)系副詞的特點(diǎn): 關(guān)系副詞用于引出定語從句, 英語的關(guān)系副詞主要有when, where, why三個(gè)。Sunday is the

5、 day (when/that) very few people go to work.Thats the reason (why/for which/that) he dislikes me.Do you know a shop where/that I can find sandals?注意：關(guān)系副詞用于引出定語從句, 且在從句中用作狀語。關(guān)系副詞when表示時(shí)間, where表示地點(diǎn), why表示原因。使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)：1.how不能用作關(guān)系副詞, 不要想當(dāng)然地將how用作關(guān)系副詞置于the way后表示方式: This is the way how he spoke. (wro

6、ng) This is how he spoke. /This is the way (that/in which) he spoke. (right)This is the way that he solved the problem. =This is how he solved the problem.2.關(guān)系副詞when和where既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句, 也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 但why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句, 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句(若引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 可用for which reason)3.引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí), when的先行詞為時(shí)間, where的先行詞為地點(diǎn), wh

7、y的先行詞為原因(主要是the reason), 但是反過來卻不一定Dont forget the time (that) Ive told you. 做賓語Do you know the house (that) he bought recently? 做賓語Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 做賓語關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句who, whom, which, that, whose在句中必做成分1)who, whom, that指人, 在句中做主語或賓語, 作賓語可省略Is he the man who/ that wants to see y

8、ou? 做主語He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 做賓語2)which, that指物, 在句中做主語或賓語, 作賓語時(shí)可省略A prosperity which/ that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 做主語The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 做賓語3)whose表所屬關(guān)系, 指人或物。指物可與of which互換, 指人可與of whom互換They rus

9、hed over to help the man whose car had broken down.=They rushed over to help the man of whom the car had broken down.=They rushed over to help the man the car of whom had broken down.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.=Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.=Please pass me the

10、 book of which the cover is green.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句when, where, why1)區(qū)別:及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語, 用關(guān)系代詞；不及物動(dòng)詞用關(guān)系副詞This is the place (where/that) I lived once. where指代the place充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語This is the place (which/that) I visited once. which做visit的賓語, 可省略Ill never forget the days (which) we spend together. which做spend的賓語, 可省略Il

11、l never forget the days (when/that) we live together in the country. when指代the days充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語2)關(guān)系副詞含義相當(dāng)于”介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu), 可以互換, 口語中可省略There are occasions when/that one must yield屈服. =There are occasions on which one must yield.Beijing is the place (where/that) I was born. =Beijing is the place on which I wa

12、s born.Is this the reason (why/that) he refused our offer? = Is this the reason for which he refused our offer? 3)that代替關(guān)系副詞: that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和”介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 在口語中that常被省略。His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.He is unlikely to find the place (where/

13、that/in which) he lived forty years ago.不能用that的情況1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí), 不能用thatThe tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (wrong, 應(yīng)用which)2)介詞后不能用We depend on the land from which we got our food.=We depend on the land which/that we got our food from.只能用that的情況1)在there be句型中, 只用that, 不用w

14、hich2)在不定代詞如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等做先行詞時(shí), 只用that3)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí), 只用that4)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí), 只用that5)先行詞即有人, 又有物時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí), 關(guān)系副詞常常省略。I appreciate the way (that) you teach me.That作為關(guān)系副詞所具備的功能, 即代替when、where、why三大關(guān)系副詞或介詞+ which。但這種代替是有條件的, 主要適用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方

15、式這四大類基本含義的先行詞, 即time(替代when)，place(替代where)，reason(替代why)，way(替代in which)，其中time類的詞匯最多, 包括若干下義詞, 如hour, evening, summer, year, moment等。大概是因?yàn)檫@些詞最基本、最常用, 所以在約定俗成的習(xí)慣下掙脫了原有關(guān)系副詞的束縛。此外, that還可以與speed, distance等先行詞連用, 此時(shí)無法用where代替。在非正式語體中, 關(guān)系副詞that是經(jīng)常省略的。正是基于這個(gè)原因, 在論述”關(guān)系副詞that的功能”中筆者并未給出相關(guān)例句, 因?yàn)樵诟髡Z法書和詞典關(guān)系中

16、關(guān)系副詞that總是有左右兩個(gè)括號(hào)相伴。We moved here the year (that/when) my mother died. I still remembered the summer (that) I walked around Paris. The reason I called was to ask about the plans for Saturday. There are so many delicious ways you can prepare chicken. This is the place (where) I lived five years. Do y

17、ou know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?She knows the place (that/where) he stays.There is nowhere (that) we can go.The speed (that/at which) he is driving is 70 miles per hour.This is the place (that) I spent my children at. =This is the place (that) I spend my childhood. 前者為關(guān)系代詞用法, 比后者關(guān)系副詞的用法更為正

18、式I dont know any place (that) you can get a better exchange rate. 如上所述, 關(guān)系副詞that是廣泛存在的, 并且經(jīng)常省略。當(dāng)然各個(gè)詞典和語法書的觀點(diǎn)并非完全一致, 例如薄冰高級(jí)英語語法認(rèn)為先行詞為place時(shí), 關(guān)系副詞where也可省略；薄冰高級(jí)英語語法認(rèn)為先行詞為reason時(shí), 關(guān)系副詞why可以省略。為了便于記憶和理解, 我們可以將這類省略現(xiàn)象統(tǒng)一看做是關(guān)系副詞that的省略。Oxford dictionary中可給出that作為關(guān)系代詞的義項(xiàng), 但所舉例句中包含了that作為關(guān)系副詞的用法(見如上第一個(gè)例句)。根據(jù)對(duì)

19、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析, 這里的that相當(dāng)于when或in which, 不是代詞而是副詞。個(gè)別語法書中提到that代替關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, 鑒于how作為關(guān)系副詞并不具有充分的例證, 且多部語法書明確提出how不能做關(guān)系副詞, 故筆者不采用that代替how的說法。1.when(先行詞是time, day, occasion等表時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)在口語中可以省略)At the time (when) I saw him, he was quite strong.Do you know the year (when) The Declaration of Independe

20、nce was published?2. Where(先行詞是place, room等表示地面的名詞, 在口語中可以省略)This is the place (where) I lived for 5 years.3.why(先行詞只有reason, 在口語中, 可以省略why)Thats the reason (why) Im checking it now.還有一種省略應(yīng)特別關(guān)注, 在this/that/it is后可省略先行詞the time, the place, the reason, 直接跟why, when, whereThat was (the time) when he li

21、ved there.It is (the place) where that rock festival is held every year.Thats (the reason) why he spoke.一、關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中的省略場(chǎng)合1.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞, that, which, who , whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略The professor (that/who/whom) you wish to see has come. Where is the book (which/that) I bought this morning?2.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中作

22、補(bǔ)語時(shí)可以省略He has changed. He is not the man (that) he was.3.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that, which, who在定語從句中作主語時(shí), 只有當(dāng)主句是由It is, that is, there is引導(dǎo)的場(chǎng)合才能省略It isnt everybody (that/who) can learn a foreign lnguage so easily.That was his brother (who/that) just went by.There was someone (who/that) asked for you, Bill.二、關(guān)系副詞whe

23、n,where, why引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句在非正式語體中，通常可以省略I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.The reason (why) he came so early in his own affair.Thats the place (where) he stayed when he was in London.另外, 在當(dāng)代英語里, that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 在口語中that常被省略。His father died the ye

24、ar (that/when/in which) he was born.He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.三、以the way作為先行詞的限制性定語從句用在非正式語體中通常省略in which或者thatThe way (in which/that) you answered the questions was admirable.1.Time, day, year, place, house, reason, way等作先行詞時(shí)可以被省略, 其后的子句不再是形容詞子句

25、, 而變成名詞子句或副詞子句。This is where he was born. Where he was born是名詞子句This is the place where he was born. Where he was born是形容詞子句Ill meet her where I first met her. Where I first met her是副詞子句Ill meet her at the place where I first met her. Where I first met her是形容詞子句Tuesday is when the garbage truck come

26、s. When the garbage truck comes 是名詞子句Tuesday is the day when the garbage truck comes. When the garbage truck comes 是形容詞子句2.關(guān)系副詞有限定用法,指的是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的形容詞子句只修飾先行詞。We were very happy in those days when we studied in school.3.關(guān)系副詞有補(bǔ)述用法, 即關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的是對(duì)等子句而不是形容詞子句, 主要用于對(duì)主要子句中的不足之處加以補(bǔ)充, 前面都要加逗點(diǎn)與主要子句分開。Tom got marrie

27、d the day before yesterday, when it was his birthday too.1.Where引導(dǎo)的定語從句: 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞, 如place, room, house, street, area等, 或含有地點(diǎn)意義的抽象名詞, 如situation(處境,地勢(shì)), stage, point(點(diǎn)), case(案例, 情況), 用where引導(dǎo)定語從句, 在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。The school where/in which I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.Harvard

28、 is a world-famous university. There Wang An got his Doctors degree.=Harvard is a world-famous university where Wang An got his Doctors degree.This is the house. I was born in the house.=This is the house where/in which I was born.=This is the house which I was born in.A bank is the place where/in w

29、hich they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.This is the house where I lived two years ago.*先行詞為抽象名詞situation, stage, point, job, case, system, game, degree等, 表示模糊化的地點(diǎn), 用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。You reach a

30、 point where medicine cant help.She is in a hopeless situation where we will keep a very close eye on her.2.when引導(dǎo)的定語從句：先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞, 如day, time, year, hour等, 用when引導(dǎo)定語從句, 在句中作狀語。The time when/at which I first met Nelson was a very difficult period of my life.The day when/on which Nelson helped me wa

31、s one of my happiest. When=in/at/on/during+ whichIll never forget the day. I joined the league on that day.=Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.The days are gone when physical strength was all your needed to make a living.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.Ill never

32、forget the day when I joined the army.一、 ”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)1.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞whom, which在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí), 可以跟介詞一起放在主句和從句之間；當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí), 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用whom, 其余用which, 這時(shí)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略; 有時(shí)為了使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞, 也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面, 這時(shí)的which可用that替換。當(dāng)介詞放在有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞which, that, whom在口語和非正式語體中經(jīng)常省略。This is the room in which he used to live.

33、 = This is the room (which/that) he used to live in.Whos the man with whom you just shook hands? = Whos the man (that/whom) you just shook hands with?注意: 下列情況介詞不能提前1)用who代替whom, 用that代替which時(shí), 介詞不能提前Hes the boy (who) I learned English from. This should be the place (that) Tom send the parcel to.2)當(dāng)w

34、hom, which省去時(shí)介詞不能提前Is he the boy you went there with? This is the room he lived in.3)當(dāng)whom, which作為含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語的賓語時(shí), 介詞一般來說不能拆開提前Youre the very man (whom) Im looking for.This is the program (which) he listened to.2.”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)通?？梢院鸵恍╆P(guān)系副詞(when, where和why相互轉(zhuǎn)換)1)where=in/on whichThis is the room where/in

35、which he lived.2)when=on/in/at/during whichI still remember the year when/in which I joined the Party.I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party.I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched.3)why=for whichThis is the reason why/for which he was killed.注意: 并不是所有的介詞+關(guān)

36、系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)都可用關(guān)系副詞替代I am very impressed by the way in which he works. 這里in which代表的是in the way, 在句中作方式狀語, 只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)作表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的狀語時(shí), 才能相應(yīng)地用when, where和why代替。試比較下面兩組句子:This is the factory that/which produces radios. 劃線部分作主語, 應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞The factory produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced

37、. 化纖部分作地點(diǎn)狀語, 應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞Radios are produced in the factory.Do you remember the days (that) we spent together? 關(guān)系代詞在句中作賓語 We spent the days together.Do you remember the days when we worked together? 關(guān)系副詞作時(shí)間狀語 We worked together during the days.關(guān)系副詞的省略: 1.the time, every time, the moment等后的關(guān)系副詞可以省略By the t

38、ime (when) he was fourteen years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousands English words.2.在某些表示地點(diǎn)的名詞后, 關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)也可以省略, 如the place等This is the place (where) I saw him last time.3. 先行詞the reason后面的關(guān)系副詞可以省略The reason (why) he came is quite clear.4.當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí), 關(guān)系副詞常常省略I know the way (that) he learns Engl

39、ish.An architect is a person who/that designs buildings. I will never forget the teacher who/that taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.Anyone who/that wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first.Do you know the gentleman (whom/that) we met in the sc

40、hool library yesterday?This is the student (whom/that) my father taught ten years ago.The girl (who/whom/that) I saw is called Mary. 非正式英語中, 可用who代替whomThe girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. Whose father=the father of whomDo you know the name of the hotel whose wind

41、ow we can see here? Whose window=the window of which指the window of the hotelLook out! Dont get too close to the house whose roof is under repair. Whose roof-the roof of whichI do not like stories which/that have unhappy endings.Toms works for a factory which/that makes watches.Is the girl that/whom

42、sells newspaper? Where is the ice-cream that/which was in the fridge? Is this the book (that/which) you want to buy?關(guān)系副詞In Beijing July and August are the months (when/that) it rains very often.Do you remember the day (when/that) we first went to the Summer Palace? I havent seen her since the year (

43、when) I left Tokyo.Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what (=all that= the things that) it was 20 years ago, when it was so poorly equipped.During the Spring Festival I went back to the town (where/that) I was brought up. That不能作為表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞This is the place (where/that) Li

44、 Bai once lived. That不能作為表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞區(qū)別: This is the place (that/which) Li Bai once visited.If a shop has chairs (where) women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.The reason (why/that) I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email. This is the reason (why/that) he

45、came late to school. =This is why he came late to school.As是個(gè)比較特殊的關(guān)系代詞, 一是用在某些句型搭配里, 二是獨(dú)立于主句之外。一、在固定搭配asas, soas, suchas, the sameas中, as引導(dǎo)定語從句You may take as(副詞) many books as(關(guān)代, 代替books, 在定語從句中作賓語) you want.I have got such a computer as yours.I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin.二、獨(dú)立于

46、主句之外, as引導(dǎo)定語從句As we know, the earth turns around the sun.As is known to us, the earth turns around the sun.As we know和As is known to us均為定語從句, as分別作賓語和主語, 替代后面的主句。Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China. 關(guān)系代詞as指代整個(gè)主句, 在定語從句中作賓語。As is often the case, we have worked out the production

47、plan. Which和as引導(dǎo)定語從句均可代表一句話或整個(gè)主句, 但which不能放在句首, 另外as有”正如”的意思, 而which沒有。一、關(guān)系代詞who和that的區(qū)別1.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞用作主語時(shí), 多用主格whoHe who loses hope loses all. 先行詞為代詞he, they , any, all, one等時(shí), 多用whoI met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese. 在非限制性定語從句中用who2. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞用作介詞后的賓語時(shí), 用賓格whom, 不用thatThe man to whom our

48、 headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.=The man (who/whom/that) our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. 口語中省略關(guān)代最自然3.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞泛指人時(shí), 多用thatHe is a man that is never afraid of failure. That用來泛指人4.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在who開頭的疑問句時(shí), 應(yīng)用thatWho is the girl that is talking to Tom in English? 避免重復(fù)

49、二、關(guān)系代詞which與that的區(qū)別1.當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little以及不定代詞anything, something, everything等時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞多用thatAll that glitters is not gold.She told me everything (that) she knew.2.當(dāng)先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或限定詞the only, the very, all, every, any, no等時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞一般都用thatThat is the best novel (that) I have ever read.He is the o

50、nly person that has been invited to the ball.3.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在which開頭的疑問句時(shí), 應(yīng)用thatWhich was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 4.在非限制性定語從句中, 關(guān)系代詞一般只用whichBeijing, which is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games.5.介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which, 不用thatShe has collec

51、ted 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps.I saw a women running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come.He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went to Cambridge.The English play in which my studen

52、ts acted at the New Years party was a great success.=The English play which/that my students acted in at the New Years party was a great success.限制性定語從句中, 從句與其所修飾的先行詞之間關(guān)系很密切, 若缺少, 句意則不完整, 故從句前不用逗號(hào)隔開; 非限制性定語從句中, 從句與其所修飾的先行詞之間關(guān)系不太密切, 若缺少,句意仍然完整, 故從句一般都用逗號(hào)隔開。試比較以下兩組句子:The water which has been polluted

53、by the factory is not fit to drink. Water, which is a clear liquid, is widely used in our everyday life. His brother who is nineteen years old is serving in the army now. 不只一個(gè)哥哥His brother, who is nineteen years old, is serving in the army now. 只有一個(gè)哥哥The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of i

54、mprovements and employ more people to keep it running, which means spending tens of thousands of pounds.I have many friends, of whom some are business. 定語從句的位置: 定語從句一般總是直接置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。有時(shí)候, 定語從句與先行詞之間插入了其他的短語, 這樣它們被分隔了, 這種情況下的定語從句被稱作隔離定語從句。There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obvio

55、usly mad.A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 定語從句置于句末以示強(qiáng)調(diào)The factory produced half a million of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別:同位語從句與定語從句從形式上看好像沒什么區(qū)別, 實(shí)際上從含義和功能上看, 還是比較易區(qū)分的。同位語從句的先行詞一般為fact, idea, news, thought, reply, report, problem等抽象名詞, 而且關(guān)聯(lián)詞大

56、都為that. 在idea, problem等詞后根據(jù)句意可能用到who, when, why, how等其他關(guān)聯(lián)詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞that在同位語從句中僅僅起連接作用, 不作任何成分, 但又不可省略。定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞(關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞)在從句中是要充當(dāng)句子成分的且有實(shí)際意義。The suggestion that we should practice speaking English every day came from our monitor. 同位語The suggestion (that) our monitor put forward at the meeting is very val

57、uable. 關(guān)代, that作賓語A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.We havent settled the question of whether是否 it is necessary for him to study abroad. 考查whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。這個(gè)句子中的of可以省略, 形式上看, of后面的從句為介詞的賓語從句,但實(shí)際上of連接的question與whether引導(dǎo)的從句是同位關(guān)系。在表示“是否”含義時(shí), 用在介詞后或在同位語從句中不可用if。定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型一般總是使用It isthat這個(gè)句子, 將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分(主語、賓語或狀語)放在句式里。這個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞that沒有實(shí)際意義, 僅僅起連接作用, 但一般情況下不省略。當(dāng)代英語有一種趨勢(shì): 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語是人, 則可用who; 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的賓語是人, 則可用whom; 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語, 則可用when;如果強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語,則可用whe