2011年高考英語 專題-英語虛擬語氣

1、專題九 虛擬語氣 91 命題趨勢(shì)分析虛擬語氣是英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，測(cè)試內(nèi)容涉及到以下幾個(gè)方面：1在含非真實(shí)條件句的主從句中的應(yīng)用；2在其他各種從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、狀語從句及定語從句）中的應(yīng)用。92考點(diǎn)知識(shí)精講語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式。它表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。英語動(dòng)詞有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，它用來表示說話人主觀上所說的話并不是事實(shí)或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議、命令或是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。虛擬語氣可以用于if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句及其他一些從句中?？键c(diǎn)一、虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中的應(yīng)

2、用非真實(shí)條件句表示不大可能或不可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的假設(shè)，句中的條件從句與主句皆須用虛擬語氣。其形式如下：if虛擬條件句主 句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）主+should /would / could /might + 動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+had+過去分詞主+should /would / could /might + have+過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+ 動(dòng)詞過去式If + 主語 + were to + 動(dòng)詞原形If + 主語 + should + 動(dòng)詞原形主+should /would / could /might + 動(dòng)詞

3、原形使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句當(dāng)條件從句表示的動(dòng)作與主句表示的動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，主從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)各自表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。2.含蓄條件句非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表示出來，只暗含在短語或上下文中，這種句子叫做“含蓄條件句”。常見的有but for , without等引導(dǎo)的短語，以及or, or else , otherwise, but等后面的分句。3.省略連詞if采用倒裝的非真實(shí)條件句if虛擬條件句中如果有should,had或were時(shí)，可以省略if，而將should,had或were提到主語之前，也就是主謂要倒裝?？?/p>

4、點(diǎn)二、虛擬語氣在其他一些從句中的用法1.用于主語從句It is /was important (necessary , essential, impossible, natural, unthinkable, strange,surprising , etc.)that.主語 + (should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形 It is /was a pity (a shame , an honour, a surprise, no wonder , etc.)that.It is /was suggested (requested, required , ordered , proposed , decid

5、ed , etc.)that.2.用于賓語從句在wish后的賓語從句中“had+過去分詞”（表示過去的主觀愿望）“過去式（be 的過去式為were)”(表示現(xiàn)在的主觀愿望)“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”(表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)在would rather后的賓語從句中“過去式”（表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖虑?。）“had+過去分詞”（談到過去的動(dòng)作）動(dòng)詞insist , order,command, advise , suggest , propose ,demand , desire,request , require等后面的賓語從句中(“一堅(jiān)持”、“二命令”、“三建議”、“四 要 求”

6、)“should+動(dòng)詞原形”（should可以省略）注意： insist 表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，固執(zhí)己見”時(shí)，突出真實(shí)想法，用陳述語氣。 suggest 表示“表明”、“暗示”時(shí)，說明真實(shí)感受，用陳述語氣。3. 用于表語從句、同位語從句表示“決定”、“主張”、“要求”、“建議”、“命令”的動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的表語從句中常見的這類名詞有：advice 建議demand 強(qiáng)烈要求order 命令insistence堅(jiān)持、主張desire 心愿requirement 要求request 請(qǐng)求proposal 建議suggestion 建議command 命令decision 決定( should )+

7、動(dòng)詞原形表示“決定”、“主張”、“要求”、“建議”、“命令”的動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的同位語從句中as if , as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句中"過去式”（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況） “had+過去分詞”（表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況）4.用于狀語從句as if , as though , even if,even though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句“過去式(be的過去式為were )”(表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)“had+過去分詞”(表示與過去事實(shí)相反)（注意：如果as if 從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的可能性大，從句用陳述語氣；如果可能性小，從句用虛擬語氣）lest , for fear that, in c

8、ase等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句（should）+動(dòng)詞原形so that, in order that等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句can , could+動(dòng)詞原形或may , might +動(dòng)詞原形 5.用于定語從句 It is (high)time that“過去式”“ should + 動(dòng)詞原形”(should 不能省略)6.虛擬語氣用于if only句型中在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，通常要用虛擬語氣。if only的意思是“若是.那該多好??；真希望.；只要.就好”。若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用過去式，若與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。93 高考真題演練1. If only he quietly as the d

9、octor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tiredA. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were

10、 driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of wa

11、ter, it looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him.A. on him to go; should be B. he went; beC. he go; was D. he should to; is8.Your aunt invites you to the movies todayI had rather she _ me tomorro

12、w than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9.Would you have called her up had it been possibleYes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part inC. had taken part in D. wou

13、ld take part in11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were notC. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, prevent D. were,

14、 would have prevented13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right no

15、w.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has come B. did come C. come D. had come17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helped B. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have h

16、elped D. were, would have helped18. If it for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is B. will be C. would have been D. would

17、 be20. I am going to tell her the news I would as soon you _her about itA. didnt tell B. dont tell C. hadnt tell D. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay22. It was requested that the play _againA. should put on B. would put o

18、n C. be put on D. put on23. Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't24. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busyC. had been busy D. will be busy

19、25. If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 26. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tellsC. told D. had told 27.George is going to talk about the geography of his coun

20、try, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focusedC. would focus D. had focused28.If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had takenC. took D. have taken29.The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would b

21、e much better now! And my vegetables .A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died 30Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been savedBhad been savedCwill be savedDwas saved二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1.It is necessary for college stud

22、ents to master at least one foreign language. It is necessary college students at least one foreign language. 2.Without sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals. sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals. 3.She insisted on translating the sentence this way. She insisted that the sentence this way. 4.The students suggested going there on foot. The students suggested there on foot. 5.She suggested that we should go to his help. is that we to