2011年高考英語 熱點(diǎn)專題-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、專題三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 31 命題趨勢分析1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般用法中較為特殊的情況;2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的情況;3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語氣。32考點(diǎn)知識精講一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1can/be able to都表示能力，意思上沒多大區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在和過去時(shí)，而be able to則有更多的形式。但當(dāng)成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常不用could而用was/were able to來表示。這時(shí)was/were able to 相當(dāng)于managed to，表示經(jīng)過一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。2must表示必須，應(yīng)該，沒有時(shí)態(tài)變化，must表示推測只能用于肯定句。mustn't表示禁止做某事。must還可

2、以表示“非要”。 3should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。should可表示陳述意見，提出建議或請求；而ought to可以表示勸告之意。4will / would will 用于各種人稱表示“意志”、“意愿”或“決心”等，否定式won't + 動(dòng)詞；will用于疑問句中，常用在第二人稱時(shí)表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢埱蟆被颉霸儐枴保?will 表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”、“慣于”的含義。would 表示客氣的請求、建議或意愿；would 還表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。5shall作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威脅、強(qiáng)制”和“允許”等意

3、思。在疑問句中，shall用于征求對方的意見或請求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，can，could，may，might都可用來表示推測。其中，must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意為“一定”。注意，其否定式mustn't表示“想必不”；表示“不可能”要用can't或couldn't。 may 和 might表示可能性時(shí)，主要用于肯定句中，might相對于may 來說，表示的可能性更小一些。 can和could主要用于否定句和疑問句中。從時(shí)間上可以分為對現(xiàn)在一般情況的推測、對正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和對過去情況的推測三種。需要注意的幾點(diǎn)：

4、1can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”。2may和might都不用于疑問句中3must的否定式是can't couldn't，不是 needn't或m ustn't。 4would V原形：想必現(xiàn)在過去；現(xiàn)在過去可能5will V原形：將來一定準(zhǔn)會6情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+p.p.1）should (ought to) have過去分詞 表示過去應(yīng)該做而（實(shí)際）沒有做的事情。含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語氣，意為“本應(yīng)該”。其否定形式為“should notought not to have 過去分詞”。2）needn't have 過去分詞 表示過去沒有必要做

5、某事, 但實(shí)際上做了某事。3）must have 過去分詞 意為“過去一定做過某事”，表示一種很有把握的推測。注意，對過去發(fā)生情況的否定推測常用can'tcouldn't have 過去分詞。4）maymight have過去分詞 表示對過去情況的一種不太有把握的（可能性）推測，意為“或許可能做過某事”。另外，用于虛擬語氣時(shí)，通常用might。5）could have過去分詞 表示“（過去）本來可以（能夠）做某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做到”。三、should在虛擬語氣中的運(yùn)用1在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，若表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以用“should 動(dòng)詞原形”；若i

6、f省略，should應(yīng)提到句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。2動(dòng)詞arrange（安排，籌劃），command（命令，要求），demand（要求，需要），desire（要求，渴望），insist（堅(jiān)決主張），order，propose（主張，提議），request，require，suggest（建議）等后跟賓語從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“（should）動(dòng)詞原形”。 3名詞advice，idea，order，demand， plan，proposal（主張），suggestion，request等后跟表語從句或同位語從句時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用“（should）動(dòng)詞原形”。4在主語從句的下列三種句型中，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)

7、用“（should）動(dòng)詞原形”。 （1）It is necessary（important，impossible，strange，natural）that （2）It is a pity（a shame）that（3）It is suggested（requested，ordered，desired）that四幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常考的句型 1may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，與had better相近； 2. cannot / can'ttoo “越越好，怎么也不過分”。注意這個(gè)句型的變體cannotover。此外can't與比較級連用表示十分的肯定，

8、不能的更多了。3. must表示推測時(shí)，其反意問句有好幾種形式。 1) “must動(dòng)詞原形”對目前的情況進(jìn)行推測時(shí)以及用mustbe-ing形式對目前正在發(fā)生的情況進(jìn)行推測時(shí)，疑問短語部分要與must之后的動(dòng)詞相一致。2) “musthave過去分詞”用來表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推論。如果句子中有過去的時(shí)間狀語，疑問部分用助動(dòng)詞didn't否則，疑問部分用haven't或hasn't。33 高考真題演練1According to the air traffic rules,you switch off your mobile phone boarding.A.may B

9、.can C.would D.should2Peter be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A.shall B.should C.can D.must3You be hungry alreadyyou had lunch only two hours ago!A.wouldnt B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt4It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it be rather cold sometime.A.must B.

10、can C.should D.would5What a pity.Considering his ability and experience, he better.A.need have done B.must have doneC.can have done D.might have done6 Hows your tour around the North lake? Is it beautiful?It be, but it is now heavily polluted.A.will B.would C.should D.must7Turn off the TV, jack. you

11、r homework now?Mum,just ten more minutes, please.A.Should you be doing B.Shouldnt you be doingC.Couldnt you be doingD.Will you be doing8what does the sign over there read?No person_ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.A.will B.may C.shall D.must9Whats the name?Khulaifi. I s

12、pell that for you?A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might10If it were not for the fact that she sing I would invite her to the party.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not11John,look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour?A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need12Catherine. I have cleaned the room for you.Than

13、ks. You it. I could manage it myself.A.neednt do B.neednt have doneC.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done13I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They at least 150 kilometers an hour.A.should have been doingB.must have been doing C.could have done D.would have done14Some asp

14、ects of a pilots job_ be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours.A.can;have to B.may;canC.have to;may D.ought to;must15I pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.A.should B.might C.would D.could16Excuse me ,but I want to use your computer to type a report.Y

15、ou have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt17“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shall18. Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a stron

16、gwilled manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 19. You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 20.I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will21. I_ have watched that movie itll give me ho

17、rrible dreams. A.shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt22. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 23. I take the book out?I'm afraid not.A. Will B. MayC. Must D. Need24.Just be patient .You _ expect the world to cha

18、nge so soon .A. cant B. needntC. may not D. whether 25. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may 26. May I take this book out of the reading room?No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt27.Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustntC. shouldnt D .neednt28.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.Acan Bwill Cmust Dmay29. Good morning. I've