小學定冠詞和不定冠詞(共9頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法：1指一類人或事，相當于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相當于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相當于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when

2、you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定詞組中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類人或物The horse i

3、s a useful animal.2用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前He is the taller of the two chi

4、ldren.8用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某個年代in the 1990s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠詞的用法：1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前B

5、eijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連

6、用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的復數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.冠詞重點知識歸納及講解 （一）概說 1冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立擔任一個成分，只能附著在一個名詞上，幫助說明其詞義。英語中有兩個冠詞： 1）定冠詞the 2）不定冠詞a/an 定冠詞the通常讀作，在元音前讀作i，特別強調(diào)或單念時讀作i:。 不定冠詞在元音音素開始的單詞前用an這個形式，讀作n；在其他情況下則使用a，讀作。

7、 2冠詞的基本意義 不定冠詞a/an與數(shù)詞one同源，表示“一個”的意思，用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。 例如： She is a nurse. 她是個護士。 He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英國人，有一個愛爾蘭妻子。 定冠詞the，與this同源，有“這（那）個”的意思，但比較弱，表示一（幾）個特定的人或東西，有時可譯作“這個（些）”或“那個（些）”。 例如： Thats the book you want. 這就是你要的那本書。 Whos the young man over there? 那邊那個年輕人是誰？ 但在很多情況下，“這”或“那”

8、這類詞在譯文中并不出現(xiàn)。 例如： Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 Shut the door, please. 請把門關(guān)上。 3特指和泛指 一般來說，名詞有特指和泛指兩種情況，請比較下面的句子： A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求見你。（泛指） Ask the gentleman to come in. 請那位先生進來。（特指） 在特指時一般前面要加定冠詞，而泛指時則有三種情況： 1）在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞。 例如： She sent me a postcard 她寄給我一張明信片。 2）在可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前可不加冠詞，可

9、使用some, any這類詞。 例如： These are new words. 這些是生詞。 She sent me some flowers. 她送給我一些花。 3）在不可數(shù)名詞前多不加什么，有時也可加some, any等。 例如： Its lovely weather. 天氣真好。 Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放點糖嗎？ Give us some help. 給我們一些幫助。 （二）不定冠詞的基本用法 1泛指某一類人或事物中的一個，代表某一類別（不一定譯為“一”） 如： His father is a doctor. 他父親是醫(yī)生。 2代

10、表某一類人或事物，相當于any（+名詞）（不必譯為“一”，但必須用a，表示類別） 如： A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。 3指某人或某物（不是指某一類），但不具體說明何人或何物（一般譯為“一”） 如： This book was written by a worker. 這本書是一位工人寫的。 4表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強烈（一般譯為“一”） 如： Wait a moment. 等一下。 5表示單位，相當于“每”的意思 如： We have three meals a day. 我們每日吃三餐。 6用于某此固定詞組中 例如： a f

11、ew, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。 （三）定冠詞的基本用法 1特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 如： Give me the book. 把那本書給我。 2指談話雙方都知道的人或事物 如： Where is the doctor? 醫(yī)生在哪兒？ 3再次提到上文提到過的人或事物 如： I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我買了一本詞典。詞典在家里。 4用在大家所熟悉的、世界上獨一無二的事物 如： The earth is bigger than the moon, but s

12、maller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太陽小。 5用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前 如： Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一節(jié)課。 Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太陽離地球最近。 6用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示某一類人或事物 如：The horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。 7與下列專有名詞連用 1）在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱前 如： the Changjiang River, the Great Lake

13、2）在姓氏的復數(shù)名詞前，表示夫婦二人或全家人 如： The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁。 8和某些形容詞連用，表示一類人 如： the old 老人 the young 年輕人 the rich 富人 the poor 窮人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人 9在一些習慣說法中 the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right) in the end go to the cin

14、ema （四）不用冠詞的幾種情況 （零冠詞）1在專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前不用冠詞如： Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到過上海嗎？ We love science. 我們愛好科學。 2在表示一類人或事物的復數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞如： Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以當科學家。 3在季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日三餐的名稱前不用冠詞如： It is hot in summer. 夏天天氣熱。 Its Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。 Have you had breakfast? 你吃過早飯沒有

15、？ 4稱呼語或表示頭銜，職務的名詞前不用冠詞如： Whats the matter with you, Mike? 怎么啦，邁克？ He is headmaster of our school. 他是我們學校的校長。 5學科和球類運動的名稱前不用冠詞如： We study English. 我們學習英語。 Do you like to play football? 你喜歡踢足球嗎？ 6名詞前已有用作定語的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代詞時，不用冠詞 如： That is her bike.那是她的自行車。 Eac

16、h student in his class studies hard. 這個班的每個學生都努力學習。 7在某些固定詞組的名詞前不用冠詞如： at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。 （五）用與不用冠詞的差異in hospital住院/in the hospital在醫(yī)院里 go to sea出海/go to the sea去海邊on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上 take place發(fā)生/take the plac

17、e(of)代替at table進餐/at the table在桌子旁 by sea乘船/by the sea在海邊in future從今以后，將來/in the future未來 on horseback騎著馬/on the horseback在馬背上two of us我們當中的兩人/the two of us我們兩人(共計兩人) next year明年/the next year 第二年in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(內(nèi)部的)前面go to school(church)上學(做禮拜)/go to the school(church)到學校(教堂)去o

18、ut of question毫無疑問/out of the question不可能的，辦不到的a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家(一個人)/a teacher and a writer一位教師和一位作家(兩個人)隨堂監(jiān)測A組 I.單項選擇： 1. 上學 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school 2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital 3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment 4

19、. 在課堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class 5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth 6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet 7. 吃飯 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table 8. 乘公共汽車A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus 9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home 10. 在工作 A. at work B

20、. at the work C. at works 11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump 12. 坐飛機 A. by air B. by the air C. on air13. 乘火車 A. by the train B. by train C. on train 14. 在校學習 A. in the school B. in school C. in schools 15. 睡覺 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed 16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have

21、the cold C. have cold 17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship 18. 玩得痛快 A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times 19. 事實上 A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact 21. 從早到晚A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening 隨堂監(jiān)測B組 選擇填空1. There is _

22、old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an 2. Shanghai is in _ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a 3. Bill is _ English teacher. He likes playing _ football. A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, / 4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus. A. an, / B. an, a C. a

23、, / D. /, / 5. The story is _ interesting. That means it is _ interesting story. A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a 6. Lets go for _ walk, shall we? A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. This is _ interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an 8. _ woman over there i

24、s _ popular teacher in our school. A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the 9. They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the 10. Australia is _ English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. Dont play _ basketball here. Its dangerous. A. a B. an C. / D. the 12. This

25、is _ apple. Its _ big apple. A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the 13. - Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just now. - Is it _ one on the chair near the door? A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 14. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some 15. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table.

26、A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An 16. Have you had _ breakfast? A. a B. an C. the D. / 17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any 18. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ violin. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, / 19. There is _ apple on t

27、he plate. A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. He said that he got _ “ C” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. / 21. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an 22. English is _ useful language in _ world. A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an 23. In the word “ ca

28、riage” _ “ r” is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. / 24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got _ “ A” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. one 25. I have two dogs. _ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old. A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the 26. Li Dan can play _ pia

29、no very well. A. / B. a C. an D. the 27. What _ interesting film it is! I like _ film very much. A. a, the B. a, a C. an, the D. The, / 28. _ tall man over there is our _ English teacher. A. A, the B. The, a C. A, an D. The, / 同步練習1.There is _ apple on the desk.a. a b .the c. an d./2.The girl under

30、_ tree is my sister.a. a b .the c .an d./3.Mary is from _ USA.a. a b. the c. an d./4.He met _ friend of his on the road.a. a b .the c .an d./5.Mr Black will go back to England_.a .by air b .by a plane c. by trains d. at a train6.Yesterday i went to work on foot.a. /， / b ./， the c .the， / d. the， th

31、e7.There is “h” in the word “hour”， but “h”doesnt make a sound.a. a， a b. a， the c. the， an d .an. the8.Im going to see my mother. She is ill _.a. in hospital b. in the hospitalc. in a hospital d. at a hospital9. We have three meals day. we have breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day.a. the， the， th

32、e b. the， /， thec. a， /， the d .a， the， the10.This is film ive told you about several times.Its great. ive never see more moving one.a. a， a b. the， the c. the， a d. a， the11.Tina，could you please play piano for me while im singing？With pleasure.a .a b. an c. the d. /12.Iwant to try again. please gi

33、ve me third chance again.a .a b. the c. an d. /13. Whats the matter with you？I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.a. a; / b. a; the c. a; a d. the; the14. sun is shining brightly.a. a b. an c. the d. /15. Swimming is in summer.a. a great fun b. great fun c. great funs d. great a fun小學定冠詞和不定冠詞練習題

34、1.在空格內(nèi)填上a或an1. _ear        2._actor  3. _hen        4. _toy      5. _university  6. _elephant  7. _hat        8._umbrella   9._rabbit  

35、    10._idea 11._hour    12_ honest boy    13._interesting book  14._easy question15._orange dress     16_apple pie  17_X-ray machine   18._ice cream2.用a,an,the或“/”填空1._Washington is _capital of _United States of Am

36、erica.2.There is _”A” on his paper.                    3. I ate _apple .Its _red apple.4._tall man over there is my boss.              

37、     5._earth moves around        sun.6.No news is _good news.                       7.Have you visited    

38、60;    Great Wall?8.They often play        football after school.  9.Children need          love and          attention.      

39、0; 10.Are there any birds in        sky?11.         student in the third row is         tallest in our class.12.Did you have           

40、breakfast this morning? 13.Mr.White will go to          Tokyo by         air.14.By          way,do you know         old woman in g

41、lasses?3.選擇填空1.Mom tells her little daughter          old story every night.  A. a    B. /     C. an     D. the2.        computer on the table is Susans. &

42、#160;            A. A     B. An      C. The    D. /3.There is        map of the world on        wall.  &#

43、160;      map is mine.A. a, a, A      B. a, the, The      C. the, the, The    D. the, the, A4.        Whites live on         floor

44、.  A. /, three   B. A, third    C. The, third   D.The, the third5.        Spring comes after        winter.   A. /, /    B.The, /   C.The, the    D.A, the6.I bought        shoes yesterday.         shoes are very beautiful.A. a, The      B. a