七年級(jí)英語下冊(cè) 形容詞專題講解 外研版

1、比較全面地介紹了初中英語形容詞的概念，位置和用法，常用句型，三級(jí)變化，三級(jí)標(biāo)志，三級(jí)特例，三級(jí)注意之點(diǎn)，多個(gè)形容詞的排列順序，形容詞的同義詞，形容詞的反義詞，形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~的規(guī)則等。初 中 英 語 形 容 詞 專 講一形容詞的概念：形容詞是用來修飾或限制名詞(或不定代詞或疑問代詞或疑問副詞), 說明人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或?qū)傩缘脑~. 二形容詞的位置和用法. 形容詞在句中主要作定語，表語, 賓語補(bǔ)足語. 有時(shí)還可作主語,賓語和狀語. (一). 作定語. 修飾或限制名詞或不定代詞或疑問代詞，或疑問副詞.a. 前置定語. 形容詞修飾或限制名詞, 一般放在它所修飾或限制的名詞之前. (1). On

2、e New Years Day, we put on our new clothes.  (2). I want to make some American friends. (3). Liu Sanzi is an eight-year-old boy.(其中eight-year-old叫復(fù)合形容詞，其構(gòu)成形式是:“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”,中間加連字符). 提示: 有的形容詞只能作定語(不能作表語), 如：little(小的), only(唯一的), wooden(木質(zhì)的), woolen(羊毛質(zhì)的), elder(年長(zhǎng)的). 如：(4). My elder brother is i

3、n Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (誤) b. 后置定語1. 形容詞修飾或限制不定代詞(something, anything, nothing, everything), 常放在不定代詞之后.(5). I have something important to tell you. (6). I dont want anything else. 2. else修飾或限制疑問代詞(who, whom, what等)或疑問副詞時(shí)，通常放在疑問代詞或疑問副詞之后。(7). What else do you want? (8).Where else are you

4、going to visit? c. enough作定語修飾或限制名詞時(shí), 既可放在名詞之前, 也可放在名詞之后。 (9). Pandas will have enough food to eat.=Pandas will have food enough to eat. (二). 作表語. 放在連系動(dòng)詞之后. 常見的連系動(dòng)詞有四種. a. be動(dòng)詞. (10). Planes will be very large. (11). Running is tiring. b. 感官連系動(dòng)詞: feel(摸起來), look/seem (看起來), smell(聞起來), sound (聽起來),

5、taste (嘗起來). (12). Cotton feels soft. c. 變化連系動(dòng)詞: become, get, go, grow, turn. 都譯作：“變得，成為”. (13). The fish went bad.  (14). Trees turn green when spring comes. d. 持續(xù)連系動(dòng)詞：keep, stay (都譯作：保持).(15). Please keep silent. (16). Mr Jackson stayed cool. 提示：有的形容詞只能作表語(不能作定語)，特別是以a-開頭的形容詞，如：afraid害怕, alon

6、e 獨(dú)自的, asleep睡著的, awake醒著的，alive活著的(有時(shí)可作后置定語), well健康的, ill病的, frightened害怕的. 如：(17). The man is ill. (正) The ill man is my uncle.(誤) (三). 作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 常放在賓語的后面，用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的性質(zhì), 特征或狀態(tài)。(18).We paint doors and windows red. (19). His waltses made him famous all over Europe.(20). What made you so interested in m

7、usic?(四). 作主語或賓語. (1). 形容詞前加定冠詞the, 表示某一類人或物. 在句中作主語或賓語, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù). 如：the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the blind等.(21). The rich should help the poor. (2). 表示國(guó)家和民族的形容詞前加上定冠詞the，表示這個(gè)民族的整體. 在句中作主語或賓語, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù), 如: the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等.(22). The English have

8、 the sense of humor.(五). 作狀語, 表示原因、結(jié)果或伴隨狀況等。(23). The old man is lying on the street, cold and hungry. 三、使用形容詞的幾個(gè)常用句型. 1. “It is + adj. + to do sth(不定式), 表示：做某事是怎樣的。 (24). It is difficult to see and hear at the back.提示：其中It叫形式主語，不定式叫真實(shí)主語，翻譯時(shí)先譯不定式, 這樣做是為了避免句子顯得頭重腳輕. 2. “It is + adj. + for sb to do st

9、h. 表示；對(duì)某人來說做某事是怎樣的 例：(25). It is more difficult for old people to learn English. 提示：a. 與上面的提示相同. b. 這一句型中常用的形容詞有dangerous (危險(xiǎn)的), difficult (困難的), easy (容易的), hard (艱難的), important (重要的), impossible (不可能的), interesting (有趣的), necessary(必要的), pleasant(舒適的), safe(安全的), useful(有益/用的)等, 如： (26). It is im

10、portant for Liu Sanzi to work on his fathers farm. (27). Its very necessary for students to listen to teachers carefully.3. It is + adj + of sb. 意為：某人是怎樣的。.(28). It is very brave of her. 4. It is + adj + of sb to do sth. 意為：某人做某事是怎樣的。(29). Its very kind of you to help me. (30). Its very rude of her

11、to say such words. (31). Its foolish of him to go alone. 提示：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞, 如careful(細(xì)心的), careless(粗心的), clever(聰明的), foolish(愚蠢的), good(好的), kind(友善的), lazy(懶惰的), nice(友好的), polite(有禮貌的), right(正確的), wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)等. 5. 形容詞+不定式 a. 表示感情或情緒的形容詞后面常接不定式.這樣的形容詞有：glad(高興的), pleased(高興的), sad(憂傷的), t

12、hankful(感激的)等, 如:(32). Glad to see you. (33). Im very sad to hear the bad news. b. 表示能力和意志的形容詞，如able(有能力的), certain(一定), ready(樂意的，有準(zhǔn)備的)，sure(一定)等常接不定式。如:(34). He is able to swim. (35). Lei Feng is always ready to help others. (36). He is sure to get to school on time. 四形容詞的三級(jí)。 (一). 三級(jí)變化. 大部分形容詞有三級(jí)變

13、化, 即：原級(jí)，比較級(jí) (意為：“更加/比較.的”)，最高級(jí)(意為：“最.的”). 變化分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。(A). 規(guī)則變化：1. 單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞(多半是沒加前綴或后綴的形容詞)的規(guī)則變化.(1). 一般在形容詞詞尾直接加er構(gòu)成比較級(jí), 直接加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，如:talltallertallest， longlongerlongest, shortshortest (2) . 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，只需加r構(gòu)成比較級(jí), 加st構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。如: nicenicernicest, fine finerfinest, largelargerlargest(3). 以輔元輔

14、結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)形容詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，如：bigbiggerbiggest， hothotterhottest, redredderreddest (4). 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加er構(gòu)成比較級(jí), 加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，如: busybuierbusiest, easyeasiereasiest. 2. 部分雙音節(jié)形容詞(多半是加了前綴或后綴的形容詞)和多音節(jié)形容詞在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí), 在原級(jí)前加most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，如: tiringmore tiringmost tiring, relaxing more rela

15、xingmost relaxing, beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful (B). 不規(guī)則變化: 都是單音節(jié)形容詞原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good (好的)well(健康的, 舒服的)better (較/更好的)best (最好的)bad (壞的/糟糕的),ill (病的)worse (較/更壞的, 較/更糟糕的)worst (最壞的)many/much (多的)more (較/更多的) most (最多的)little (少的，小的) less (較/更少的)least (最少的)old (老的/大的, 舊的)older(較老/大/舊的, 更老/大/舊的)el

16、der (較老/大的，更老/大的，僅用于兄弟姐妹間)oldest (最老/舊的)eldest (最老/大的, 僅用于兄弟姐妹間)far(遠(yuǎn)的)farther (較/更遠(yuǎn)的)further (進(jìn)一步的) farthest (最遠(yuǎn)的)furthest (最遠(yuǎn)的)上面表格里幾個(gè)形容詞的用法提示：1. old 有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest. 其中elder, eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的大小關(guān)系, 且不能用于含有than的句子中.(37). My elder brother is an engineer. (38). Mary is the elde

17、st of three sisters. 2. far 有兩種比較級(jí)，farther，further. 在英國(guó)英語中兩者都可指距離. 但在美國(guó)英語中，father 表示距離，further表示“進(jìn)一步的”. (39). I have nothing further to say. (40). futther study. (二)三級(jí)標(biāo)志：1句子使用原級(jí)的兩大標(biāo)志a. 當(dāng)句中含有as (so)as時(shí)，句子一般使用原級(jí). (肯定句中只能用as, 而否定句中可用so或as) (41).Tom is as old as Kate. (42). Tom is twice as old as Kate.

18、(43). His English is as good as yours. (44). This room is not as/so big as that one. b. 當(dāng)形容詞前含有quite, so, too, very等副詞時(shí)，句子一般用原級(jí)，如：(45). (46).有時(shí)沒有這些詞，根據(jù)語境，也只能用原級(jí)，如：(47).(45). He is too tired to walk on. (46). I am very hungry now, but I dont want to eat. 2句子使用比較級(jí)的三大標(biāo)志：a. 當(dāng)句中含有than一詞時(shí), 句子一般使用比較級(jí), 構(gòu)成形式

19、為: “形容詞比較級(jí)+than. ”, 意為:“比更加”. 有時(shí)如果說話雙方都明白句子含義時(shí)，也可沒有than一詞. (less是little的比較級(jí)，也可用于比較級(jí)中，放在形容詞原級(jí)前, 意為: “較不”或“沒有那么”) (47). He is taller than his brother. (48). There are more students in Class One than in Class Two. (49). Lucy has more books than Andy.(50). Mr Li looks older than Mr. Ma (51). Shanghai is

20、 an older city than Hong Kong. (52). The song is more popular than that one. (53). -Is your brother as active as you? -No, he is a quiet boy. He is less outgoning than I. (54). -Lets go to the new restaurant tonight. -We can cook it at home. Its less expensive. (55). Mary is less clever than Tom. (5

21、6). The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. (57). The buildings in New York are higher. b. 當(dāng)句中含有., A or B

22、? 時(shí)，句子一般使用比較級(jí)。 (58). Which pen is newer, this one or that one? (59). Which is better, the red one or the green one?c. 當(dāng)句中含有of the two (+n) 時(shí)，句子一般使用比較級(jí)。(60). He is the younger of the two students. 3. 句子使用最高級(jí)的四大標(biāo)志 a. 當(dāng)句中含有表示范圍的介詞in.時(shí)，句子一般使用最高級(jí)。要注意：如果句中有than一詞，那么即使句中有in, 句子仍然必須用比較級(jí)。 (61). He is the tal

23、lest in his class. (62). Zhu Yunbin is the strongest student in our class. (63). The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.b. 當(dāng)句中含有表示范圍的介詞of 時(shí)，句子一般使用最高級(jí)。 (64). He is the tallest of the three. (65). He is the oldest of all the students. (66). This apple is the biggest of the five. c.

24、當(dāng)句中含有one of the時(shí)，句子一般使用最高級(jí)。one of the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 表示"最的之一"。(67). The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.(68). Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.d. 當(dāng)句中含有, A，B or C ? 時(shí)，句子一般使用最高級(jí)。 (69). Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or moon? (70). Which country is

25、the largest, China, Brazil or Canada？(三) . 比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的特例A. 比較級(jí)的五大特例1. 倍數(shù)+ 形容詞比較級(jí),“幾倍”(71). This room is twice bigger than that one.2定冠詞the + 形容詞比較級(jí)，表示“較的那個(gè)人/物”, 如:     (72). The girl is the younger of the two. (73). Of the two skirts, Lucy chose the cheaper one. 3. "The + 形容詞比較

26、級(jí)., the + 形容詞比較級(jí).", 表示"越., 就越.". (74). The more, the better! (75). The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.4. 數(shù)量詞 + 形容詞比較級(jí). (76). She is three years older than Li Ming. (77). She is a head taller than me. 5. 程度副詞 + adj比較級(jí)(根據(jù)語境確定含義). (a). even + adj比較級(jí)，表示“甚至更加” 還要更加” (78

27、). Tom looks even younger than before. (b). far + adj比較級(jí)，表示“大大地”，“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地”，“得多”. (79). This movie is far more interesting than I expected. (80). Thats a far better idea. (81). far different. (c). much + adj比較級(jí)，表示“得多”(82). Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. (83). I feel much better now. (d). stil

28、l + adj比較級(jí)，表示“還要更加” (84). The food in this restaurant is still more delicious than that in this restaurant. (e). a bit/little + adj比較級(jí)，表示“一點(diǎn)”. “一點(diǎn)兒”. (85). This one is a little better than that one. (86). Japan is a little larger than Germany. (87). This kind of cake is a bit nicer than that one. (f

29、). a lot + adj 比較級(jí)，表示“許多”. (88). My life will be a lot better than it is now. 6. "形容詞比較級(jí) + and + 形容詞比較級(jí) ", 表示 " 越來越. ". (89). It's getting hotter and hotter. (90). This song is more and more popular now. B最高級(jí)的一大特例. 定冠詞the + 序數(shù)詞 + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 單數(shù)名詞 + 表示范圍的介詞(如in/of等), 表示"第幾個(gè)最

30、怎樣的什么". (91). She is the second tallest student in our class. (四). 三級(jí)注意之點(diǎn)。1在句子中，形容詞最高級(jí)前一般必須有定冠詞the. (副詞最高級(jí)前可使用定冠詞the，也可不用定冠詞the). (92). Tony has the longest journey. 提示：a. 當(dāng)形容詞的最高級(jí)前有物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)，就不再用定冠詞the了，如： (93). Jim is my best friend. (94). Johns worse habbit is getting up late. b. 形容詞的最高級(jí)作表

31、語, 且不與其他人或物相比較時(shí)，也不用定冠詞the, 如: (95). Miss Gao is busiest on Friday. 2如果most前面沒有定冠詞the，句子就不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示“非?！? (96). It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem. (97). He is a most careful student in our class. 3. 形容詞原級(jí)前加least表示"最不". 如：(98). least important 五多個(gè)形容詞的排列順序. 如果兩個(gè)

32、以上的形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，其先后排列順序一般如下：限定詞（a/the, my/this）+ 數(shù)量詞（先序后基）+ 大/小 + 新/舊 + 顏色 + 國(guó)籍 +材料 + 名詞. 如：(99). two tall young Japanese girls 六形容詞的同義詞(100). alive同living, live (101). beautiful同pretty (102). true同real, actual (103). big同great, large (104). clever同bright, smart (105). sunny同fine, shining, clear (106

33、). expensive同dear (107). difficult同hard (108. easy同simple (109). famous同well-known (110). fast同quick, rapid (111). fine同good,nice (112). healthy同fine, well (113). friendly同kind (114). ill同sick (115). little同small (116). loud同noisy (117). sad同sorry, unhappy七形容詞的反義詞.A. 規(guī)則變化 (1). 加dis前綴的, 如：(118). hone

34、st反dishonest (2). 加im-前綴的, 如：(119). possible 反impossible (120). polite 反impolite(3). 加in前綴的, 如：(121). Correct反incorrect(4). 加un前綴的, 如：(122). finished 反unfinished (123). friendly反unfriendly (124). happy 反unhappy (125). healthy 反unhealthy (126). important反unimportant (127). lucky反unlucky (128). n

35、ecessary反unnecessary (129). paid反unpaid(130). popular反unpopular (131). successful反unsuccessful   (132). tidy反untidy (133). usual反unusual B不規(guī)則變化(134). alive反dead (135). ancient 反modern (136). asleep反awake (136). back 反front (137). bad 反good (138). better反worse (139). best 反worst (140). big/

36、great/large反 small (141). black反white (142). brave 反shy (143). boring反exciting (144). bright/light反dark  (145). busy 反free (146). calm反nervous (147). cheap反dear/expensive(148). clean 反 dirty (149). clever反foolish/stupid (150). close/near 反far (151). closer/nearer反farther (152). c

37、losest/nearest反farthest (153). closed/shut反open (154). cold反hot  (155). cool 反 warm (156). correct/right反 wrong (157). dangerous 反safe  (158). difficult/hard反easy/simple (159). different反same (160). dry 反 wet (161). dull 反interesting (162). eastern反western (163). e

38、arly 反 late  (164). empty反full (165). fat 反thin (166). false 反true (167). fast反slow (168). few反many (169). fewer反more (170). fewest 反most (171). first反 last  (172). foreign 反home (173). found反lost (174). full反hungry (175). glad反 sad/sorry(176). hard 反soft (177). ha

39、rd-working反lazy (178). heavy反 light(179). high 反low  (180). hopeful 反hopeless (181). left 反right(182). less 反more (183). least反 most (184). little反much (185). long 反short (186). loud/noisy反quiet (187). mobile反still(188). narrow反wide    (189). naughty 反well-behaved (190)

40、. new 反old(191). north反south (192). northern反southern (193). no  反yes(194). old 反 young (195). poor反 rich (196). relaxed反tired (197). relaxing 反tiring (198). rough 反smooth (199). short 反tall (200). strong 反weak (201). thick 反 thin  (202). useful 反useless 八形容詞變

41、為副詞A. 變化規(guī)則1. 一般情況下直接加ly. (203). bad badly (204). carefulcarefully(205). carelesscarelessly (206). clear clearly (207). correct correctly (208). dangerous dangerously(209). greatgreatly (210). immediateimmediately (211). loud loudly (212). nicenicely (213). politepolitely (214). quickquickly (215). quietquietly (216). real really (217). recentrecently (218). sadsadly (219). safe safely (220). slow slowly (