非謂語知識點

1、、知識精講考點一基本含義非謂語動詞包括：現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式和動名詞，它們在句中均不能作謂語。類別結構含義例句現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動，進行1) boiling water 沸騰的水2) Do you know the girl standing overthere?你認識站在那里的那個女孩嗎？being done被動，進行（止在被做）The houses being built now are for the teachers.現(xiàn)在正在建的那些房子是為 老師而建的。having done主動，完成Having waited for an hour, he left.等了 一個小時，他離開

2、了。not having done主動，完成，否定Not having received a reply, he wrote anothe門etter.沒收到回復，他又寫了一 封信。having been done被動，完成Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.雖然被告訴過好多次了，他仍然犯同 樣的錯誤。過去分詞done被動，完成1)The story told by Tom is very interesting.湯姆講得故事非常有趣。2)The houses built last year are very

3、big.去年建的那些房子很大。表所處的狀態(tài)或特征1)Devoted to helping others, he isrespected他致力于幫助別人而受到尊重。2)Interested in the book, he wants to buy it.他對這本書感興趣想買卜來。不7E式to do將來，主動I have much work to do.我有很多工作 要做。to be done將來，被動The houses to be built next month are very big.下個月將要被建的那些房子 很大。to have done完成，主動使用條件：1）看結構是否需要；2）看是

4、否表達過去或 元成之息He' s said to have invented the telephone.據(jù)說他發(fā)明了電話?？键c二重要用法1.感官動詞 see, watch , observe , look at , hear , listen to , notice 等的賓補有四種形式，以see為例:結構含義舉例see + 賓語 + do看見（賓語）做了see him go to the officesee + 賓語 + doing看見（賓語）正在做see him going to the officesee + 賓語 + being done看見（賓語）正在被做see him be

5、ing bitten by a dogsee + 賓語 + done看見（賓語）被做see him bitten by a dog下列動詞在主動語態(tài)中用不帶 to的不定式作補語，但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to： 5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）; 3使（make, let, have）; 2聽（listen to , hear）； 1 感覺（feel）。 2. leave的用法結構含義舉例leave sb./sth. doing讓某人/某物一直做Leave the machine running 讓機器一直運轉(zhuǎn)leave sth. undone留下某事

6、沒有被做leave the book untouched 這本書沒被動過leave sb. to do sth.留下某人做某事leave me to do the work 留下我干這項工作leave sth. to be done留卜某事將要被做leave the work to be done 留下這項工作有待被做3. have/get 的用法結構含義舉例have sb. do=get sb. to do讓某人做某事Mother had me buy some salt.媽媽讓我去買些鹽。have sb. doing1）讓某人一直做2）否定句中）容忍某人做1)have him standi

7、ng outside 讓他一直站在外邊2)I won' t havyou speaking to your mother like that. 我不能 容忍你像那樣跟你媽媽說話。get sb./sth. doing使/讓某人物開始行動起來I can get my car running . 我的車啟動不起來。get/have sth. done1）讓某事被做2）遭遇1) I ' llhave / get my bike repaired tomorrow.2) Tom had his leg broken.湯 姆的腿傷了。4. only + to do指出乎意料的結果【例句】H

8、e hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙到了車站，結果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)出站了。5. seat及dress的用法結構含義舉例seat oneself就座，坐下He seated himself.=He sat down.他坐 卜來。sb. be/remain seated坐著；一直坐著He is seated behind me.他坐 在我后面。dress oneself/sb. （in+ 衣服 /顏 色）打扮自己/某人；給自己/某人 穿衣服He dressed the baby.他給那個 嬰兒穿衣服。sb.

9、 be dressed in + 衣服/顏色某人穿著The baby is dressed in red.那 個嬰兒穿著紅衣服。6. 序數(shù)詞后用不定式（不用現(xiàn)在分詞）作定語【例句】He is the first to come to the classroom.他是第一個來教室的。7. to do 位于句首時， 常相當于 in order to do【例句】To catch the early bus, he got up early.為了趕早班車，他起得很早。二、難點聚點1 .分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語保持一致?！纠洹縒hen offered help, you shou

10、ld say" Thank you. "or "It's kind of you."（=When you are offered help, you-）當被提供幫助的時候，人們常說謝謝。”或你真好?！盰ou should be careful while/when crossing the street.過馬路的時候小心點。（=While/When you cross/ you are cross ing the street ）三、狀元筆記解題思路1 .找準相關動詞的邏輯主語，確定該動詞與邏輯主語間是什么關系（主動還是被動）；2 .搜索句子中相

11、關的時間信息，確定非謂語動詞的恰當形式（一般式還是完成式） 考點三動名詞的重要用法1 .動名詞具有名詞的特性：作主語、賓語、表語等，可用于介詞后?！纠洹浚?）His coming made us happy.他的到來讓我們感到高興。（2）He devoted his life to helping others.他一生致力于幫助別人。2 .動名詞作賓語時，其邏輯主語可用形容詞性物主代詞（my,his）或名詞性物主代詞（me,him）。動名詞作主語時，其邏輯主語要用形容詞性物主代詞?！纠洹緿o you mind my/me smoking here?你介意我在這里抽煙嗎？3 .動名詞的被動式

12、為：being done例句He is afraid of being laughed at.他害怕被嘲笑。4 .重要句型：no use goadIt is was not any use good - doing 做沒用處投好處of little use good【例句】It is no use talking to him.跟他談話沒用。狀元典例He is looking forward to(there be)a chance 。 答案：there being思路分析：look forward to 后要接 doing?？键c四一些重要用法1 .下列動詞后接不定式作補語，即 “動詞+sb

13、to do "ask, beg (祈求),cause, encourage, expect, force, get, intend (打算),invite, order, persuade, prefer, require , teach, tell, want, warn, wish , wait for , call on , depend on 等。 【例句】(1) You are not allowed to smoke here.不允許你在此處吸煙。(2) The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉

14、。 注意：doingsb to do(doing考慮做sb to be. 認為某人【例句】Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.這里禁止吸煙，但你可以吸。2 .下列結構中用不定式作主語補足語：sb. be said/ believed / known / reported / considered / found/ thought + to do / to have done (to be done/ to have been done)【例句】(1) He is said to have gone abroad.(=It

15、 is said that he has gone abroad.)據(jù)說，他出國了。(2) Heat is considered to be a form of energy.熱被看作是種能量?？键c五tWj考易混點3.值得be worthdoin名詞僦數(shù)price)to be donebe vorthvof being done / 名祠例句The book is worth reading.=The book is worthy to be read./ of being read.這本書值得一讀。 4.'d。nothing but other than 同口，ha e nothin

16、g ro do but do 除以外無事可做ha e no choice but to do . 除以外別無選擇例句He could do nothing but / other than wait.=He had no choice but to wait. 他別無選擇，只得等待。5.只能做docan I choose but can't help but can I but【例句】（1） He cannot choose but stay on.他沒有別的選擇，只好待下去。（2） I cannot but agree to his terms.我只得同意他的條件。二、難點聚焦獨立主格結構1 .當句中主、從句的主語不一致時，可用獨立主格結構。例句If the weather permits, we ' ll go out.=Weather permitting . 天氣允許，我們就出去。2 .主要結構名詞（代詞）+ doing名詞（代詞）+ done名詞（代詞）+不定式名詞（代詞）+形容詞/副詞名詞（代詞）+介詞短語構成with/without+名詞（代詞）+賓語補足