英語國際音標(biāo)練習(xí)題

1、語音的基本常識(shí)1.關(guān)于語音的幾個(gè)概念1. 1）字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母a, e, i（y）, o, u,2）音標(biāo)：詞的語音形式。3）音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。4）音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand5）元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元日。6）輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。7） 開音節(jié)： a） 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike home due; b）

2、 輔音+元音 he, go, hi8）閉音節(jié)：a）輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b） 元音+輔音it9）重讀音節(jié)：?jiǎn)卧~中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。2.讀音規(guī)則1）重讀音節(jié)（見元音和輔音的例句）2 ） 非重讀音節(jié) banana, student, today, after, i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday3 .特殊讀音1）音的連讀：前面的詞以元輔音結(jié)尾，后面的單詞以元音開頭，這樣結(jié)尾的輔音要和開頭的元音連讀。 例如： not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. afte

3、r all2）失去爆破：輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的輔音要失去爆破。例如：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme3）音的同化：兩個(gè)特殊的音碰到一起，會(huì)發(fā)出變異成特殊的音。例如：Would you do it? I amglad to meet you. Can't you see it? last year, this year,4）濁化音以sp_, st, sk開頭的單詞清輔音/p/t/ /k/分別要發(fā)濁輔音/b/d/g/ 。4.重音1）單詞重音頁腳A）雙音節(jié)詞a）一般

4、在第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorryb）有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞， 第二個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。 a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis&

5、#39;take, en'force, pre'pare,em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'latec）有de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān)，一般名詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct;'present pre'sent; 'c

6、ontent, con'tentd）有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-,等的詞，有兩個(gè)重音。 'out'side, 're'tell,'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fifteen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'warB）多音節(jié)詞a）一般倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy,oppor

7、'tunity,de'mocracy.b）有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, disturbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,c）詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前個(gè)音節(jié)

8、上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic,mathe'matics, ex'perience,sufficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tectived）詞尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette 后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個(gè)次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai&#

9、39;neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette2）句子重音A）英語的節(jié)奏:（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重B）英語句子的長(zhǎng)短:是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢 字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的。C）實(shí)詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀（冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞beD）實(shí)詞不重讀的特殊情況a）實(shí)詞第二次出現(xiàn)He thinks of that as a child thinks.b） 一個(gè)名詞被第二個(gè)名詞修飾I met her in the railway station

10、.c） 代替詞 Which book do you want? The small one.d）感嘆詞中的 what 和 how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e） street 在專有名詞中Wangfujing Street.f）this 在這些短語中，this morning/afternoon/eveningE）虛詞重讀的特殊情況a）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be在句首，句尾和否定時(shí)。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are youa doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes

11、, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.b）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時(shí)。They may come this evening. Can it be five already?He must be in the room.c） 介詞在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.d）引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句的連詞在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.e

12、）反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。He couldn't come himself.英語國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo)練習(xí) 人首（20 個(gè)）12個(gè)前元音（4個(gè)）i:ie?后元音（5個(gè)）E?:?u:u中元音（3個(gè)）?:?雙向8個(gè)合口雙元音（5個(gè)）ei?uaiau?i集中雙元音（3個(gè)）i?u?輔首（28 個(gè)）清輔 音（11個(gè)）ptkfs8?t?trtsh濁輔 音（17個(gè)）bdgvze?d?drdzlmn?jwr/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/

13、sick/sik/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/?/ fat/f ? t/ have/h?v/ cat/k ? t/ back/b ? k/ hat/h ? t/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ ?:/ horse/h?: s/ saw/s?:/ corn/k?:n/ course/k?:s/ salt/s?:t/ ? / dog/d ?g/ pot/p ?t/ cost/k ?st/ what/w ?t/ honest/?nist/u:/ fo

14、od/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ ? / must/m ?st/ does/d ?z/ money/ m?ni/ ugly/ ?gli/ come/k ?m/?:/ nurse/n ?s/ bird/b ?:d/burn/b ?:n/ turn/t ?:n/ girl/g ?:l/? / better/bet ?/ never/nev?/ worker/w ?:k?/ welcome/welk ?m/ei/ may/

15、mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid ?/?u/no/n ?u/ home/h ?um/hope/h ?up/ wrote/r ?ut/ note/n ?ut/pose/p ?uz/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ? baut/ south/sau 0/ house/haus/?i/ boy/b ?i/ toy/t ?i/ noise/n ?iz/ voice/v ?i

16、s/ point/p ?int/ coin/k ?in/ boilspoil/i ?/ ear/i?/ near/ni ?/ idea/ai di?/ hear/hi ?/ mere/mi ?/ spear/spi?/ £/? air/ tear/t & / care/k dare/d £ / fair/f &/ there/e £ /u ?/ tour/tu ?/ poor/pu ?/ sure/?u?/ moor/mu ?/（停泊）your/ju ?/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/t ?p/ cap/k?p/ people/

17、pi:pl/ pride/praid/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/bl ? k/ bear/b £ /t/ let/let/ sat/s ? t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/d/ led/led/ sad/s? d/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di ?/k/lack/l? k/ take/teik/ clock/kl ?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/ wi:kend/g/big/big/lag/l ? g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g ?m/ good/g

18、ud/ guest/gest/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/surf/s ?:f/favorite/ feiv?rit/v/ very/ veri/ five/faiv/ fever/ fi:v?/ serve/s?:v/ never/ nev?/ 0/bath/ba: 0/（v 洗澡）thick/ Oik/ mouth/mau 6Z breath/bre 0/（n 呼吸）thought/ 0 ?t/ author/ '?。?/ truth/tru: 6Z/e/ the/ e?/ they/ eei/ that/ e? t/ mother/ m

19、?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/ een/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/ stops/st ?ps/z/ close/kl ?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b ?iz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/t ?/ catch/k ? t?/ cheep/t ?i:p/ rich/rit ?/ watch/wt ?/ child/t ?aild/ question/kwest ?n/ teach/ti:t ?/ challenge/t ?lind?/d ?/ orang

20、e/ ?rid?/ large/la:d ?/ juice/d ?u:s/ job/d ?b/tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr ? k/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri ?k/ hundred/ h?ndrid/ ? she/?i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi ?/ shock/?k/ shoe/?u:/?/ pleasure/ple?/ measure/ me?/ television/telivi?n/ts/ let s/le

21、ts/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/dz/ hands/h ?ndz/ birds/b ?:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h ?:d/ half/ha:f/l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l ?:n/lead/li:d/ light/lait/m/ my/mai/ more/m ?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/

22、men/men/ /n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/?/ sing/si?/ wing/wi ?/ ring/ri ?/ long/l ?/ beautiful/bju:t ?fl/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/ mju:zik/ student/ stju:dnt/ excuse/ik skju:z/w/ work/w ?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w ?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/r/ red/red/

23、road/r ?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r ?/ problem/ pr?bl?m/音標(biāo)綜合練習(xí)1 ./i:/ /i/e/ /?/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ri ?l/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/tip/zip/rid/wil/fil/bitweek dealrealkiddig quick tip zip rid willfill/pet/p?k/g?p/k?g/n?g/r?m/b?tl/sed/h?pi/ten/red/petpack gap cap nag rambattlesaidhappy tenred/setl/ /tr?/ /dipen

24、d/settle trash depend2 ./a:/ / ?:/ / ? / /u:/ /u/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /?d/ /l?:n/ /n ?:t/ /p ?:z/ /f?ks/ /s?k/ askmaskpast France odd lawn naughtpause fox sock/fa:/ /la:d? / /ma:k/ /l?:d/t?:/ /st ?:m/p?t/ /kr?p/ / 9 1/pr ?mis/far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise/huk/ /l

25、u:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ / 0ru:/pul/ /wud/hook loose soot took mood through pull wood3 ./?/ /?/ /?/b?z/ /d?l/ /h?ri/ /g?lf/ /tr?bl/ /?:n/s?:f/'t?:n?/ /beg?/t?k/buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck/k?:b/?:k/? merik / s?k?/ k? mp?/ /s? Vei/ /p? Veid/p?. h? ps/curb irk America so

26、ccer camper survey pervade perhaps/b ?: lesk/ / m?:d?/burlesque murder4 ./ei/ /?u/ /ai/ /au/ /?i/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /pr?p?uz/ / m?u?n/ /st?un/ / ?uv?/sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight/raim/ /daut/ / taipist/ /aust/ /m ?ist/ / ?ist?/rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster5 ./i ?/ /?

27、/ /u ?/vi?/?f?/d?/sk?/ /bu?n/ /gu?d/ / ru?r?l/ /?pi?/k?l?mbi?/veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appearColombia/m ?ti?ri?l/ /misti?ri?s/material mysterious6 ./ 9/ /e/m?ne/0i:f/ /e? t/ /e? n/ /fei 0/ /t?gee?/ / 0 ?k/ /e?mselvz/month thief that than faith together thank themselves.找出畫線部分讀音不同的單詞（

28、每題2分，共20分）()1. A. teaB. meat()2. A. backB. fastC. weather D. beachC. have D. map()3. A. warm B. garden()4. A. schoolB. tooth()5. A. bookB. moodyC. market D. partyC.chooseD.goodC. lookD. cook()6.A.JuneB.ruler()7.A.pushB.fun()8.A.tigerB.her()9.A.goB.no()10.A. like B. lionC. putD. menuC. sunD. uglyC. officerD. overC. cold