LETTER OF CREDIT信用證

1、LETTER OF CREDIT信用證LETTER OF CREDIT信用證 A letter of credit is an conditional undertaking issued by a bank for the account of the buyer ( the Applicant) or for its own account, to pay the Beneficiary the value of the draft and or documents, provided that the terms and conditions of the documentary cre

2、dit are complied with.establishment Buyer(applicant) Issuing bank開證行 Seller(beneficiary) Advising Bank 受益人 Amendment Buyer(applicant) Issuing bank開證行 Seller(beneficiary) Advising Bank 受益人 utilization Buyer(applicant) Issuing bank開證行 Seller(beneficiary) Negotiating bank 受益人 信用證的當(dāng)事人 開證申請人applicant 受益人

3、beneficiary 開證行issuing 付款行Paying bank 承兌行accepting bank 通知行advising bank 保兌行 confirming bank 議付行negotiation bank 信用證的當(dāng)事人 申請人 applicant / principal / accountee accreditor / opener at the request of 應(yīng) 的請求 by order of 按 的指示 for account of 由 付款 at the request of and for account of 應(yīng) 的請求并由 付款 by order of

4、 and for account of 按 的指示并由 付款受益人 beneficiary 受益人 in favor of 以 方為受益人 in your favor 以你方為受益人 transferor 轉(zhuǎn)讓人（可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證的第一受益人） transferee 受讓人（可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證的第二受益人）開證行 opening bank issuing bank establishing bank 通知行 advising bank notifying bank advised through 議付行( negotiating bank ) 指購買受益人的匯票和信用證規(guī)定的單據(jù)的銀行。按UCP600規(guī)

5、定，“議付”（negotiation）應(yīng)對“匯票及/或單據(jù)付出對價”（giving of value for draft(s) and / or documents）。議付行“墊付”后，萬一遭到開證行的拒付，它擁有向受益人追索的權(quán)利。 在實際業(yè)務(wù)中，如信用證中未指定議付行，則該證為自由議付或公開議付信用證( freely negotiable L/C ),受益人可以到任何銀行議付。如信用證中指定了議付行，該證為限制議付信用證（restricted negotiable L/C ），只有指定的銀行才能議付。 議付行常見的表達(dá)方式 - available by negotiation with a

6、ny bank in China - available by negotiation with ABC Bank. - Negotiation under this credit is confined to ABC Bank. - All documents must be presented to ABC Bank for negotiation.保兌行 保兌行(Confirming Bank)是對開證行開立的信用證進(jìn)行保兌的銀行，與開證行一樣，它也承擔(dān)起第一付款人的責(zé)任，且付款后不享有追索權(quán)。信用證被加以保兌后，受益人在裝運后，可以向開證行交單，也可向保兌行交單，等于擁有了“雙重保險”

7、。 開證行通常要求通知行保兌信用證。付款行 付款行( Paying Bank )通常是信用證下匯票的受票人，即付款人。如果信用證未指定付款行，開證行即為付款行。 Draw on。 承兌行 承兌行(Accepting Bank)是按信用證的要求承兌信用證下遠(yuǎn)期匯票并到期支付的銀行。它可能是信用證中指定的銀行，如未指定，則為開證行自己。 信用證的類型 Irrevocable L/C 不可撤消的信用證 revocable L/C 可撤消的信用證 confirmed L/C 保兌的信用證 transferable L/C 可轉(zhuǎn)讓的信用證 sight L/C 即期的信用證 usance L/C 遠(yuǎn)期的信

8、用證 revolving L/C 可循環(huán)的信用證 back to back L/C 對背信用證 reciprocal L/C 對開信用證Revocable可撤銷信用證- This credit is subject to cancellation or amendment at any time without prior notice to the beneficiary.- 本信用證可以在任何時候修改或撤銷，事先無需通知受益人Irrevocable不可撤銷信用證- we hereby issue in your favor this irrevocable documentary cred

9、it that is available by your negotiation of your draft.- We hereby engage with you that all drafts drawn in conformity with the terms of this credit will be duly honored on presentation.Confirmed credit保兌信用證- Please notify the beneficiary and add your confirmation.- Please add your confirmation if t

10、he beneficiary requires.- At the request of the correspond(issuing bank)we have been requested to add our confirmation to this credit and we hereby undertake that all drafts drawn by you in accordance with the terms of the credit will be duly honored by us. unconfirmed- We advise this credit to you

11、without engagement on our part.Sight即期信用證- Available by sight draft drawn on issuing bank against complying documents.- Payment is to be made upon presentation of the complying documents at the counters of 。- bank.Usance/time遠(yuǎn)期- available by your draft drawn on the issuing bank at days after sight h

12、onored at maturity.- Payment of the draft drawn under this credit will be effected at days after date of the B/LUsance L/C payable at sight假遠(yuǎn)期- Usance drafts drawn under this credit are to be negotiated at sight basis. Interest is for buyers account.- Payment are to be made at sight basis. Discount

13、charges, acceptance commission and stamp duty, if any, are for account of the applicant.Transferable可轉(zhuǎn)讓- this credit is totally transferable and it is transferable in Singapore only.- 信用證的受益人(第一受益人)可以要求授權(quán)付款、承擔(dān)延期付款責(zé)任，承兌或議付的銀行(統(tǒng)稱“轉(zhuǎn)讓行”)，或當(dāng)信用證是自由議付時，可以要求信用證中特別授權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓銀行，將信用證全部或 部分轉(zhuǎn)讓給一個或數(shù)個受益人(第二受益人)使用的信用證。開

14、證行在信用證中要明確注明“可轉(zhuǎn)讓”(Transferable)，且只能轉(zhuǎn)讓一次。Payment credit付款信用證- available by payment with the issuing bank- Available by payment with a third bank- Available by payment with the advising bank.受益人可開匯票也可不開匯票一旦付款，即無追索權(quán) right of recourse.Deferred payment credit延期付款A(yù)vailable against presentation of the foll

15、owing documents but payment only at days after presentation of documents.No bill of exchange, no possibility for discounting無需開匯票，不能貼現(xiàn)Negotiation credit議付信用證 We hereby engage with the drawers出票出票人人, endorsers背書人、轉(zhuǎn)讓人背書人、轉(zhuǎn)讓人 and or bona fide holders善意持票人善意持票人 that drafts drawn and negotiated in confor

16、mity with the terms of this credit will be duly honored upon presentation.Example兌付方式 available by payment at sight 即期付款信用證 available by deferred payment at 延期付款信用證，at后注明延期付款期限 available by acceptance of draft(s) at 承兌信用證，at后注明遠(yuǎn)期付款期限 available by negotiation 議付信用證。根據(jù)要求提交的遠(yuǎn)期匯票票期，可以知道議付信用證為即期還是遠(yuǎn)期Revol

17、ving credit可循環(huán)- Should the negotiating bank not be advised of stopping renewal within days after each negotiation, the unused balance of this credit shall be increased to the original amount.- 信用證被全部或部分使用后，其金額又恢復(fù)到原金額，可再次使用，直至達(dá)到規(guī)定的次數(shù)或規(guī)定的總金額為止 對背信用證（back-to-back L/C） 又稱轉(zhuǎn)開信用證，指受益人要求原證的通知行或其他銀行以原證為基礎(chǔ)，另開

18、一張內(nèi)容相似的新信用證，對背信用證的開證行只能根據(jù)不可撤銷信用證來開立。對背信用證的開立通常是中間商轉(zhuǎn)售他人貨物，或兩國不能直接辦理進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易時，通過第三者以此種辦法來溝通貿(mào)易。原信用證的金額(單價)應(yīng)高于對背信用證的金額(單價)，對背信用證的裝運期應(yīng)早于原信用證的規(guī)定。Back to back credit- One opened by the buyer in favor of the seller, and- One opened for account of the seller naming the actual supplier of the goods as the benefi

19、ciary. The first beneficiary of the first credit becomes the applicant of the second credit.- These attached sheets(I),(II) form an integral part of our back-to-back L/C No.123.開證申請人 1開證行1通知行1開證行2受益人 1通知行2受益人2開證申請人2Reciprocal credit對開信用證 指兩張信用證申請人互以對方為受益人而開立的信用證。兩張信用證的金額相等或大體相等，可同時互開，也可先后開立。它多用于易貨貿(mào)易

20、或來料加工和補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)。 This credit shall not be available unless and until the reciprocal credit is established by Trust Union Bank in favor of ABC Company for amount of USD10,000 covering shipment from Malaysia to Singapore.Anticipatory(red clause) credit預(yù)支信用證 -開證行授權(quán)代付行(通知行)向受益人預(yù)付信用證金額的全部或一部分，由開證行保證償還并負(fù)擔(dān)利息，

21、即開證行付款在前，受益人交單在后,與遠(yuǎn)期信用證相反。預(yù)支信用證憑出口人的光票付款，也有要求受益人附一份負(fù)責(zé)補(bǔ)交信用證規(guī)定單據(jù)的說明書，當(dāng)貨運單 據(jù)交到后，付款行在付給剩余貨款時，將扣除預(yù)支貨款的利息 The negotiating bank is hereby authorized to make advance payment預(yù)付 to the beneficiary up to an aggregate amount of USD200,000(20% of the amount of L/C). The advances, with the interest預(yù)付款以及利息at the r

22、uling rate of exchange at the time of payment of such advance, are to be deducted from the proceeds 從貨款中扣除of the drafts drawn under this credit.信用證的內(nèi)容 1 信用證類型 2 信用證的編號和開證日 信開信用證的日期出現(xiàn)在開證行信頭的右上角或左上角； 普通電傳格式信用證的日期在雙方電傳號下的電傳發(fā)出日； SWIFT信用證一般用31C給出開證日。 3、presentation period交單期 為保護(hù)開證人的利益，一般信用證下都規(guī)定交單期，限制受益人必

23、須在裝運后的某個期限內(nèi)交單，以免收不到銀行傳遞過來的單據(jù)，無法及時清關(guān)提貨而遭受不必要的損失。交單期一般為裝運單據(jù)日期后的10到15天。如果信用證未指定交單期，按UCP600規(guī)定，在涉及正本運輸單據(jù)的信用證下最遲不可超過裝運后21天，并且在信用證的有效期內(nèi)。 4、date and place of expiry到期時間和地點 信用證的到期日即信用證的有效期。到期地點在出口地對受益人比較有利，如果在申請人所在地，受益人必須考慮寄單所需要的時間以及所帶來的風(fēng)險。在實際業(yè)務(wù)中，我們一般要求來證在中國到期。 二、信用證的當(dāng)事人 除基本當(dāng)事人外，不同類型的信用證涉及不同的當(dāng)事人，不同的當(dāng)事人將影響信用證

24、的操作流程。三、信用證的金額和匯票條款 信用證下的金額為受益人可以支取的最大金額，受益人開出的匯票總金額不得超過信用證金額，常見的信用證金額表達(dá)方式有： - about USD 6000.00; (about 指有10%的增減) for the sum of USD 6000.00 with 5% more or less allowed; - for a sum not exceeding USD6000.00;常見的匯票條款 draft available at .(1) sight drawn on .(2) for .(3), (. (4) (1) 付款期：即期或遠(yuǎn)期 (2) 受票人：

25、即付款人，信用證下付款人一般為開證行或它指定的銀行。 (3) 匯票金額：一般以發(fā)票金額為參照，如： for the full invoice value (4) 利息說明：如： a) free of interest b) xx days interest is for the applicants account.四、貨物條款 貨物條款一般包括貨物名稱、規(guī)格、單價和數(shù)量，也可包括包裝方式、嘜頭及相關(guān)合同號等。按UCP600規(guī)定，發(fā)票上貨物的描述必須和信用證的貨物條款嚴(yán)格相符。 五、運輸條款 運輸條款一般包括裝運地、目的地、最晚裝運日以及可否分批或轉(zhuǎn)運等。運輸方式一通過貿(mào)易術(shù)語及信用證所要求的

26、運輸單據(jù)類型反映。信用證中常見的詞或詞組有： 裝運期 not later than latest on 最遲于 on or about某日 該日的前后各5天內(nèi) to/until/till/from某日 該日包括在內(nèi) after某日 該日不包括在內(nèi) first half of某月 該月的1日到15日 second half of某月 該月的16日到最后1日 beginning of某月 該月的1到10日 middle of某月 該月的11日到20日 end of某月 該月的21日到月末日 裝運地 loading on board/dispatch /taking in charge at / f

27、rom 目的地 port of destination /place of destination 分批裝運 partial shipments 轉(zhuǎn)運 transshipment 六、單據(jù)條款 信用證是單據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)，單據(jù)條款至關(guān)重要。一般單據(jù)條款包含所需單據(jù)的種類、正本和副本的份數(shù)以及制單要求等。 1、 正本和副本單據(jù)份數(shù)的表達(dá)方式 所需單據(jù)的份數(shù)通常用數(shù)字加量詞表示，如： in three copies / fold, 也可用固定短語來表示： in duplicate 一式兩份 in triplicate 一式三份 in quadruplicate一式四份 in quintuplicate一式五

28、份 in sextuplicate一式六份 in septuplicate 一式七份 in octuplicate一式八份 in nonuplicate一式九份 in decuplicate 一式十份2、 單據(jù)要求 （1） 商業(yè)發(fā)票Commercial Invoice （2） 海運提單Ocean Bill of Lading （3） 包裝單據(jù)Packing List （4） 保險單據(jù)Insurance Policy （5） 產(chǎn)地證Certificate of Origin （6） 檢驗證書Inspection Certificate （ 7 ） 受 益 人 證 明 等 B e n e f i

29、c i a r y s Cetificate 常用的條款 Documents marked “x” below: （需提交）下列標(biāo)有“”標(biāo)志的單據(jù)： Accompanied by the following documents: 隨附下列單據(jù)： Draft(s) must be accompanied by the following documents marked “x”: 匯票需隨附下列標(biāo)有“”標(biāo)志的單據(jù)： Documents required: 所需單據(jù)： available against surrender of the following documents bearing ou

30、r credit number and the full name and address of the openers. （議付時）以提交下列標(biāo)有本信用證編號和開證人詳細(xì)姓名、地址的各項單據(jù):七、其他規(guī)定 信用證的其他規(guī)定出現(xiàn)在信用證的“附加條款”或“特殊條款”中，在銀行自己格式的信用證中，他們還可能出現(xiàn)在信用證加蓋的印戳中。常見的內(nèi)容如下： 1、 匯票的出票條款 信用證下一般會規(guī)定出票條款，如：“The number and date of this credit and the name of this bank must be quoted on all drafts.” 如果信用證中

31、未規(guī)定出票條款，受益人在出具匯票時，也應(yīng)填上信用證開證行名稱、信用證編號和開證日。 Draw under 開證行、開證日期、信用證號碼。2.附加條款A(yù)dditional Conditions 信用證下關(guān)于單據(jù)的要求，不僅僅反映在單據(jù)條款中，有時還會在附加條款中體現(xiàn)。如對船籍或航線限制條款、對包裝的要求、對嘜頭的要求以及單據(jù)上要顯示的額外的信息，如：“All documents must bear this credit number.”等，都在此處體現(xiàn)，要特別重視。 Notwithstanding the provisions of ucp 600盡管UCP600有規(guī)定, if we give

32、 notice of refusal of documents presented under this credit, we shall however retain the right保留權(quán)利 to accept a waiver of discrepancies放棄不符點 from the applicant and, subject to such waiver以此為準(zhǔn)without reference to the presenter與交單者無關(guān) provided that如果 non written instructions to the contrary have been re

33、ceived by us from the presenter before the release of the documents在我們放單之前沒有收到交單者相反的書面通知. Any such release prior to receipt of contrary instructions shall not constitute構(gòu)成 a failure on our part to hold the documents at the presenters risk and at disposal, and we will have no liability to the present

34、er in respect of any such release.3、 銀行費用Banking Charges 信用證下涉及很多銀行費用，如開證費、改證費、通知費、議付費、保兌費、償付費、轉(zhuǎn)遞費等，按UCP600規(guī)定，信用證是在申請人指示下開立，這些費用應(yīng)由申請人承擔(dān)。但申請人往往會規(guī)定：“All banking charges outside Japan are for beneficiarys account”.要求受益人承擔(dān)開證國以外的銀行費用 4、 不符點費 開證行審出單據(jù)不符點后，要發(fā)電函給申請人，商洽處理辦法，這些會產(chǎn)生費用。因此，信用證會規(guī)定不符點費用條款，如“ A USD60

35、.00 being our handling charge for each presentation for documents not in conformity with L/C terms will be for account of the beneficiary and will be deducted from proceeds upon payment ”。 5. 電匯索償條款 電匯索償條款是指議付行議付后，在寄單的同時，電告開證行單證相符并指示開證行以電匯的方式立即償付。有些信用證上會 禁 止 電 匯 索 償 ， 如 ： “ T / T reimbursement is pr

36、ohibited.”6、 扣傭要求 在涉及暗傭的情況下，信用證往往會含有暗傭條款，以指示議付行在議付 款項中扣除暗含的傭金，如： “negotiating bank should pay beneficiary less 2% of the full invoice value being the amount of commission to ABC Company.” 7.暫不生效條款We shall advise you of receipt of import License after which date the credit will become valid.(France,

37、Italy)This credit will become operative provided that the necessary authorization(授權(quán)書） be obtained from Exchange Authority, we shall inform you as soon as the authorization obtained.This L/C will be honored(付匯） only if the seller submits a letter or telex to Campus Sportswear Company certifying that

38、 all terms and requirements under L/C No.666 have been complied with.Copy of telex from applicant to suppliers approving the counter samples8.其他特別條款A(yù)mount:USD19,450.00 CFR of which FOB not exceeding USD18,600.00Negotiation under this credit is restricted to FOB value of USD18,600.00 plus the actual

39、freight amount substantiated by carriers invoices.伊朗，限定FOB價，另加實際運費USD850。7、 給銀行的指示 信用證中給銀行的指示一般包括保兌的規(guī)定、寄單指示、償付方法和路線、扣傭指示以及議付背批要求等。 八、開證行責(zé)任文句 所有信用證必須明示受UCP600約束，如：“This credit is subject to Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit (2006 Revision), International Chamber of Commerce, Publica

40、tion No. 600.” UCP600 是國際慣例，信用證如果沒有明確說明受其約束，對受益人會非常不利。 九、電開信用證的密押或信開信用證中的授權(quán)人簽名 信用證上必須有密押或授權(quán)人簽章，通知行能夠據(jù)此鑒別信用證的表面真?zhèn)巍?信用證中的“軟條款” 1 變相可撤銷信用證條款；當(dāng)開證銀行在某種條件得不到滿足時（如未收到對方的匯款、信用證或保函等），可利用條款隨時單方面解除其保證付款責(zé)任。 2 暫不生效條款：信用證開出后并不生效，要待開證行另行通知或以修改書通知方可生效； 3 開證申請人說了算條款：信用證中規(guī)定一些非經(jīng)開證申請人指示而不能按正常程序進(jìn)行的條款。如發(fā)貨需等申請人通知，運輸工具和起運港或目的港，需