倒裝句講解及練習(xí)

1、倒裝句英語(yǔ)句子的語(yǔ)序通常是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后，這種語(yǔ)序稱作正常語(yǔ)序或自然語(yǔ)序。但有時(shí)出于語(yǔ)法或達(dá)到某種修辭目的(強(qiáng)調(diào)、承上啟下、平衡等)的需要，要把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面，這種語(yǔ)序稱作倒裝(Inversion)語(yǔ)序。將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全移至主語(yǔ)之前，稱完全倒裝(Full In versio n);如果只是把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，稱為部分倒裝。1. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝在"there be” (或 there + appear to be， come, exist , happen to be, lie , live , occur, remain, seem seem to

2、be , stand, used to be )等結(jié)構(gòu)中，倒裝形式為完全倒裝。如：There were many stude nts in the read ing room in this eve ning.There is a TV set, a stereo system and a nu mber of chairs in the sitti ng room.There seems to be a lack of com muni cati on.There remained a few jobs stillto be finished.There sta nd a line of g

3、uards in front of the gate.2. here，there，now, then，thus 等引起的倒裝在以here, there, now, then等簡(jiǎn)短副詞引起的句子中(前三個(gè)須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))，動(dòng)詞往往是 be, come, go,run, lie 等，這類句子大多帶有引起注意的含義。如：Here comes the bus.公共汽車來(lái)了。你久盼的信在這兒。Here is the letter you have bee n look ing forward to.There goes the bell.但要注意：如果主語(yǔ)是代詞，則不用倒裝。如:Here they ar

4、e. 他們?cè)谶@兒。3.省略if的非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)含有Had I time (= If I had time Were I you (= If I were youwere, had和should這三個(gè)詞是，可省去if ,將這些詞移至主語(yǔ)之前。),I would go and help you.)，I would go abroad.Should he come ( =If he should come ) ， tell him to ring me up.Had you worked harder at college, you would have go

5、t better job.Were he better qualified, he would apply for the positi on.4.副詞so，neither ，nor等引起的倒裝在用so, nor, neither表示"也/不”這一類結(jié)構(gòu)里其公式是肯定：so + be / have/ 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)否定：Neither(nor)+be/have /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。如: He has been to Beijing.他去過北京。 So have I. 我也去過。They can't answer the question.他們不會(huì)回答這個(gè)問題。

6、Neither than I. 我也不會(huì)。5. what , how引起的倒裝以 What, how 開頭的感嘆句 （ 表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)提前 ） 。如：What beautiful weather （it is）!多好的天氣??！ （ 表語(yǔ)提前 ）What a lovely picture he painted!他畫了一張多好的畫??！ （ 賓語(yǔ)提前 ）6. 疑問詞或連接詞引起的倒裝在疑問詞或連接詞 whether 等引起的從句中。如：Whatever you may say, I won ' t go there. 無(wú)論你怎樣說(shuō)，我都不會(huì)去那兒。 （ 狀語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)提前 ）What book

7、he wants is not clear.他要什么書還不清楚。 （ 主語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)提前 ）7. 否定詞位于句首時(shí)引起的倒裝（1）. never ， seldom， hardly ， little ， few 等引起的倒裝否定詞 never ， seldom， rarely ， hardly ， barely ， scarcely ， little ， few 等位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝句通 常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.Little

8、does he realize how important this meeting is.他對(duì)這個(gè)會(huì)議的重要性不甚了了。Never/Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb.（2）. nowhere， no longer ， no more 等引起的倒裝nowhere（無(wú)處），no Ionger（不再），no more（也不）等否定詞位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式， 如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式：No Ionger was he in charge of this work.他

9、不再負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作了。Nowhere is drug abuse more of a probIem than in the US.'She didn't know the reason for his Ieaving.' 'No more do I （=neither do I ）.'（3）. not untiI ， not a ， not in the Ieast 等引起的倒裝not until （直到才），not a（ 一個(gè)也沒有），not in the least （ 一點(diǎn)兒也不），not for aminute/moment（ 一點(diǎn)兒也不 ）等位

10、于句首時(shí)，通常引起倒裝 （not a 之后的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)除外 ），其形式通常為 部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike.一直到所有的要求遭到拒絕之后，工人們才決定罷工。Not once did he talk to me.他一次也沒有和我談過。Not in the least am I afraid of you any more.（4）. under no circumstanc

11、es ， by no means ，in no way ， at no time 等引起的倒裝in/under no circumstances （無(wú)論如何不 ）,by no means（決不）,in no case （無(wú)論如何不 ）,in no way （決 不）， on no account （決不可）， on no condition （決不）， at no time （永不., 在任何時(shí)候都不）等短語(yǔ) 位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式， 如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)， 則為完全 倒裝形式。如：In no case must force be resorted

12、 to.決不準(zhǔn)許訴諸武力。By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well.絕非所有的英國(guó)人都通曉本國(guó)語(yǔ)。At no time did anyone involved speak to the press.Under no circumstances would he change his mind.Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.你無(wú)論如何都不該把錢借給他。On no account must you accept a

13、ny money if he offers it.他如要給你錢，你可絕不能接受。In no case should you give up.你絕不能放棄。On no condition should we tell her about it.我們絕不能把此事告訴她。No way will I go on working for that man.我再也不給那個(gè)人工作了。8. 關(guān)聯(lián)連詞位于句首時(shí)引起的倒裝（1）. not only.but also引起的倒裝not only.but also位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式或一般過去時(shí)形式，則為完全倒裝

14、形式。如：Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.我們不僅應(yīng)該不怕困難，而且應(yīng)該盡最大努力去克服它們。Not only did he come, but he saw her.他不僅來(lái)了，而且還見到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, （but） she also knows how to type.她不但會(huì)說(shuō)西班牙語(yǔ)，還會(huì)打他不僅是一位教師，而且是一位詩(shī)人。字呢。不僅他講得更正確，也講得更不also g

15、ave a brief introduction to theNot only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.費(fèi)勁了。Not only did they present a musical performance, but theyhistory of Western brass instruments.他們不但做了音樂表演，而且簡(jiǎn)短地介紹了西方銅管樂器的歷史 .(2). neither.nor 引起的倒裝neither.

16、nor 位于句首引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Neither Peter wanted the responsibility， nor did his wife.彼得不想擔(dān)此責(zé)任，他妻子也不想擔(dān)此責(zé)任。(3). hardly.when/no sooner.than引起的倒裝hardly/scarcely/barely.when或 no sooner.than位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Hardly had he arrived when/No so

17、oner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.他剛到就又被請(qǐng)走了。(4). so.that 引起的倒裝so.that 位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，則為 完全倒裝形式。如：So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldn' t speak. 他如此憤怒，以致說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里。他們吃得太多了，一個(gè)小時(shí)都他講話聲音太大，隔壁光速很快，我們幾乎沒法像它So cold was the weather that we h

18、ad to stay at home.So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 動(dòng)彈不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 的人都聽得見。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來(lái)得非常突然

19、，我們來(lái)不及逃跑。類似地，當(dāng)suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)的such置于句首時(shí)，such后的句子也要使用部分倒裝。Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.他像個(gè)很和藹的人，所以我們都喜歡他。(5). such.that 引起的倒裝such.that位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此之大，以致所有的窗戶都被震破了。9. o

20、nly 引起的倒裝：當(dāng)副詞 only 位于句首并修飾狀語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引起句子的倒裝，其形式通常為部分倒裝， 如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝。如：Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問題。Only yesterday did I finish this the book.到昨天我才讀完那本書。Only then did I understand what she meant.只有到那時(shí)我才明白她的意思。Only by shouting was he able to make himse

21、lf heard.他只有叫喊才能讓別人聽到他。注意，在 only 后作狀語(yǔ)的是從句時(shí)，從句不要用倒裝，要部分倒裝的是主句。如：Only when it rains do you feel cool.只有下雨時(shí)才覺得涼爽一點(diǎn)。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí)，才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged.我們只是在著陸之后才看到飛機(jī)損壞的嚴(yán)重程度。10. 表語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝 當(dāng)作表

22、語(yǔ)的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等位于句首時(shí)，常常引起倒裝，其形式為完全倒裝：Aristotle says ，“ Plato is dear to me ，but dearer still is truth.” 亞里斯多德說(shuō)，“吾愛柏拉圖，但更愛真理?！盤resent at the meeting were Professor Smith ，Professor Brown，Sir Hughand many other celebrities. 到會(huì)的有史密斯教授、勃朗教授、休爵士以及許多其它知名人士。At the front of the book is atable of contents , g

23、iving details of what is in the book書的前部有目錄，詳列了書的內(nèi)容11. 狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝(1). 當(dāng)位于句首的狀語(yǔ)是一些表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)或表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞(如 away，back，down，in ，off ，out, up)時(shí)，常常引起倒裝，其形式為全部倒裝。如：Away went the runners.賽跑手們刷地跑開了。Down came the rain. 雨嘩地落下來(lái)了。Ahead sat an old woman.Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Round and round

24、flew the plane.飛機(jī)盤旋著。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 門開了，史密斯先生進(jìn)了來(lái)。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，傘都撐起來(lái)了。注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝：Away they went.(2). 介詞短語(yǔ)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，放在句首，后面跟的是不及物動(dòng)詞be, come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等時(shí)常常引起倒裝，其形式為全部倒裝。如：Next to the table is a chair

25、.桌旁有把椅子。At the South Pole lies Antarctica, the coldest and most desolate region on earth.12. 狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝(1) . 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝：在 as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，位于句首的可以是形容詞、名詞、副詞，還可以是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一部分，從而形 成從句的部分倒裝。如：Tires as he was, he continued the work.雖然他累了，但是仍然繼續(xù)工作。(2) . 方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝as 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句一般為正常語(yǔ)序，但是，如果主語(yǔ)比謂語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，可將

26、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前，形成完全 倒裝。如：He believed ， as did all his family， that the king was the supreme lord.他和他全家人一樣，都認(rèn)為國(guó)王是至高無(wú)上的君主。(3) . 比較狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝：由 than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句一般為正常語(yǔ)序。但是，如果主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，可將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前，形成完全 倒裝：Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska. 內(nèi)布拉斯加西部地區(qū)的降雪通常比東部地區(qū)少。

27、13. the more. ， the more. 結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝在以 the more. ， the more. 引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，采用部分倒裝；如果主句的主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，可將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞置于主語(yǔ)之前，形成完全倒裝。如：The more books you read (賓語(yǔ)提前) ， the wider your knowledge is(表語(yǔ)提前) 14. 分詞和不定式置于句首的倒裝，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將謂語(yǔ)部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首， 從而構(gòu)成倒裝：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一個(gè)古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。Standing

28、beside the table was his wife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions.下列問題要仔細(xì)考慮。15. 其它倒裝形式life 。如：1) Such is life之類的倒裝 ：這類句子中的 such 其實(shí)為表語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是其后的Such were his words.這就是他所說(shuō)的話。2) 表示祝愿的句子的倒裝May you succeed!祝你成功！Long live the People ' s Republic of China!中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！3) 以頻度副

29、詞開頭弓丨出的倒裝： 以 always, usually, often, nowand then, many a time, every day等頻度副詞位于句首，且表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用部分倒裝；但若不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，也可不用倒裝。如：Ofte n did we warn him not to do so.我曾常常警告他不要那樣做。Often he walked.他過去經(jīng)常步行。這時(shí)我累得一下就坐在椅子上了。The n did I throw myself into a chair, exhausted.Then I went back to my own room.于是我回到自己的房間去。倒裝練習(xí)第一部分

30、1.can you expect toget a pay rise.A.With hard workB. Although work hardC. On ly withhard work2.D. Now thathe works hardmother willwait for him to have dinner together.Howeverlate ishes he lateD.Howeverlate he3.Notun tilallthe fishdiedin theA.didthevillagersrealizeB. thevillagersze Ddidn 'tthevil

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32、39;t IcareB.nordo IcareCreneitherD.I don't carealso6.On lybypractici ngafewhours everydaybeableto wasteA. youcanB. canyouC. youwillD.willyou7.Notun tilthe earlyyearsof the19thcen turywhatheat is.A.mandidknowB. man knewC.didn 't manknowA.much time.Idon't caD. did man know8. got into the r

33、oom theteleph onerang.A.He hardly; the nB. Hardly had he; whe n C. He had not; tha nD. Not had he; whe n9. sn acks and drinks,but they also brought cards for entertainmentwhen they had a picnic in the forest.A.Not on lytheybroughtB.NotC.Not onlybroughttheyD. Not on ly10.-1 don'tthi nkIcanwalk an

34、yfurther.A.Neither can 1B. NeitherdoD. Ithi nkso11.Only inthis 】waydo itwell.A.must weB.wecouldC.canwe12.Hardlywhe nitbega n torain.A.hadhe arrivedB.D.didhe arrive13.Jack isa stude ntandstudiesattheA.It wasthe samewithMikeon lydidthey bringtheydidbring一, Let' s stop here for a restIC.Ididn '

35、tthinksoD. we canarrivedheC. he had arrivedNo. 2MiddleSchool.B.So it is with MikeA.If you asked meB.You had asked meC.Should youhave askedmeD. Had you asked me15.thatthey hadmade animporta ntdiscoveryin scie nee.A.Littlethey realizedB.They hadrealizedlittleCLittledid theyrealizeD. Littlehad theyreal

36、ized14.I would have give nyou his address.16. that Icouldn 't be absorbed in the work.A. They made such talkedB. So loudly they talkedC. It was no iseoutsideD. Such a loud no ise did they make17. Many a time me good advice.A. he gaveB. does he giveC. he has give nD. has he give n18. have I see n

37、 a better performa nee.A.EverywhereB. Nowhere elseC. EverywhereelseD.Nowhere19.Notasi nglewordatthe beg inning.A.didhe sayB.hashesaid C.he saidD. hehassaid20.Onlyinan houragoout whyr he wasabse nt.A.didthe teacherfou ndB. the teacherfoundC.didtheteacherfindD.hadtheteacher found21.thepla ne.A.Flewdow

38、 nB.Down flewC.Dow nwasflyingD. Dow nfly22.Hardlywhe nthebussudde nlypulledaway.A. theyhadgottothebusstopB.they got tothebusstopC.didtheygettothebusstopD.hadtheygot tothebusstop23.Ihadtime,Iwould haverun roundthatlakeaga in.A. IfB. Un lessC. Had D. When24. Not only a promise, but he also kept it.A.

39、had he madeB. he had madeC. did he makeD.he makes25.Iwould see you here.A.LittleI dreamedB. Littledo I dreamC.I dreamedlittleD. LittledidIdream26.There.A.cometheyB. they come C.theyarecomeD.they willcome27.that he could not speak for alongtime.A.Sofrighte nedwas heB. So frighte nedhe wasC. Was he so

40、frighten edD.Frighte nedwas he28.Only when classbega nthat he had1 lefthisbookat home.A.willhe realizeB. he did realizeC. did herealizeD. shouldherealize29.Only when you have fini shedyour homeworkgohome.A.can youB. would youC. youwillD. you can30.Seldomany mistakesduringmy pastfew years (of worki n

41、g here.A.would I makeB. did I makeC. IdidmakeD. shallImake第二部分1.Not un til I bega n to workhow much time I had wasted.A.did n't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I did n't realizeD. I realized2. Only by practic ing a few hours every daybe able to master the Ian guage.A.you canB. can youC. you will

42、D. will you3.If you don't go, neither.A.shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4.No soonerto the stati onthe train left.A.had I got, when B. I had got , than C. had I got,tha nD. did I get, whe n5.Your father is very strict with you.-.He n ever lets off a sin gle mistake of oursA.So he isB. So is heC. H

43、e is soD. So does he6.today , he would get there by Sun day.A.Would he leaveB. Was he leavi ngC. Were he to leaveD.If he leave7.Never in my lifesuch a thing.A. I have heard or have see n B. have I heard or see nC. I have heard or see nD. did I hear or see8.-Here! Where is Xiao Liu- ThereA. comes the

44、 bus, is heB. comes the bus ,he isC. the bus comes , is he D. the bus comes,he is9.,I will not buy it.A.Much as do I like it B. As much I like itC.Much as I like itD. As I like it much10.-I like football. I don't like volleyball.A.So do IB. Neither do IC. So it is with meD.So is it with methe ex

45、pense , Ito Italy.A. If it were not, goB. Were it not for,would goC. Weren't it for , will goD. If it hadn' t been , would have gone12. So in the dark ness that he did n ' t' dare to move an in ch.A. he was frighte nedB. was he frighte nedC. frighte ned he wasD. frighte ned was hemod

46、em times, girls like beautiful clothes.-Yes ,andboys. After all,our life has greatly improved.A. so do they; so do youC. so do they; so you doB. so they do; so you doD. so they do; so do youhave an En glish class every day except Sun day.A. So we have B. So we do C. So have weD. So do wewon der if y

47、our wife will go to the ball. If your wifeA. does ; will B. will ; does C. will ; would16. Only after I read the text over aga inits main idea.A. that I knewB. did I knew C. 1 could know, somi ne.D.does ; doD. I did knowseem to have lear ned all the En glish words by heart.A. So I doB. So do IC. So

48、I haveD. So have I18. -I seldom watch TV,but listen to the radio a lot.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. I m the sameD. So it is with me19. So excitedthat he could n't say a word.A. he seemed B. did he seem C. was he seem ingD. he did look20. Jimmy was so n ervous not a sin gle worddow n in the dictat

49、io n.A. he wrote B. he was written C. did he writeD. was he writte n21. Littlewhe n I took the trip where it would lead me.A. have I knownB. had I known C. do I knowD. did I know22. -Have you ever see n anything like that before-.A. No ,I never have seenanythinglikethat beforeB. No ,never I have see

50、nanythinglikethat beforeC. No ,never have I seenanythinglikethat beforeD. No ,I have seen anything like that before never23. , I would accept the invitation and go to the party.A. Were I youB. Was I you C. Had I bee n youD. Would I be you24. You should work less.A. and n either should IB. and so sho

51、uld IC. and nor should ID. and so I should25. and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the catD. Jumped up the cat26. Not onlya promise , but also he kept it.A. did he make B. he made C. does he makeD. has he made27. His uncle is a worker and has been working in th

52、e factory for more than ten years.C. So his aunt doesD. So it is with his auntD. they did cha ngeand.D. I don't care alsoA. So is his aunt B. So has his aunt28. Not oncetheir pla n.A. did they cha ngeB. they cha nged C. cha nged theyyou know Jim quarreled with his brother-I don't knowA. nor don't I careB. nor do I care C. I don't care n either30. Not until he arrived homehe find that this wallet had been stolen.A. didB. would C. whe n D. that31. -This is one of the oldest trees in the world.such a big tree.A. Never I