人教新課標(biāo)高中英語必修一定語從

1、Grammar2 形容詞：形容詞：用來修飾描述名詞或代詞的詞用來修飾描述名詞或代詞的詞,在簡單句在簡單句中，作定語、表語、補足語中，作定語、表語、補足語. 定語從句定語從句：是一個句子，在復(fù)合句中：是一個句子，在復(fù)合句中, 由關(guān)系詞引由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞(先行詞先行詞)。This is the best film that I have seen.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句先行詞先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞，在定語從句之前：被修飾的名詞或代詞，在定語從句之前. .定語從句定語從句：先行詞之后：先行詞之后, , 修飾先行詞

2、修飾先行詞. .關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞: : 引導(dǎo)從句引導(dǎo)從句, ,在從句中代替先行詞，充當(dāng)句子成分在從句中代替先行詞，充當(dāng)句子成分. .3This is the best film This is the best film thatthat I have seen. I have seen.引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句代替先行詞代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分關(guān)系詞的作用關(guān)系詞的作用 1 1） 2 2） 3 3）關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞4定語從句分為定語從句分為限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和和非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語,如果去掉,

3、 主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。它和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。在限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷栽谙拗菩远ㄕZ從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞常可省略。 Toronto is a city (that) I ve always wanted to visit. 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作些附加說明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。它和主句關(guān)系不十分密切，它與主句之間常用逗號分開, 一般不用that引導(dǎo)。l在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞不可省略關(guān)系詞不可省略。 She said she had finished her work, which I d

4、oubted very much. Ive got some personal affairs that I have to deal with.Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞指代指代定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)姆侄ㄕZ從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)姆秩巳宋镂锞渥泳渥又髡Z主語賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語whowhomwhichthatwhoseas注意：注意：that，why不能在非限制性定語從句中使用。不能在非限制性定語從句中使用。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可以用在主句前，也可以用在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可以用在主句前，也可以用在主句后，指代整個主

5、句的內(nèi)容。常譯為主句后，指代整個主句的內(nèi)容。常譯為“正如，好像正如，好像”。 注意：在某些場合，非限制性定語從句的先行詞可注意：在某些場合，非限制性定語從句的先行詞可為整個主句為整個主句, 此時非限制性定語從句常由此時非限制性定語從句常由which引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。 A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.as as

6、和和 whichwhich引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句, ,都可指一句話內(nèi)容，都可指一句話內(nèi)容，區(qū)別在于區(qū)別在于whichwhich只能放在它所指那句話的后面，而只能放在它所指那句話的后面，而asas可以可以在前面在前面, ,也可以在后面。也可以在后面。7 which as在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別：在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別： 1. which可以代指主句的部分內(nèi)容，也可以代指整個可以代指主句的部分內(nèi)容，也可以代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。主句的內(nèi)容。 as代指整個主句。代指整個主句。 2. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句之前，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句之前，也

7、可以放在主句之后。也可以放在主句之后。 which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定于從句只能跟在主句后，不引導(dǎo)的非限制性定于從句只能跟在主句后，不能放在句首。能放在句首。 3. 當(dāng)非限制性定語從句為否定句或者具有否定意義時當(dāng)非限制性定語從句為否定句或者具有否定意義時用用which,不用不用as。 4. as表達表達”正如正如,就像就像”之意之意. 如何判斷用如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞還是還是關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞? ?選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞時，需注意兩點：選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞時，需注意兩點：1.1.先行詞先行詞2.2.關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。做主語、賓語、表語、做主語、賓語、表語、 定語定語

8、 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞做狀語做狀語 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 the usage of the relative adverb關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代指代所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞炙洚?dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhytimeplacereason狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語9定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇 取決于先行詞在定語從句中的位置、成分。取決于先行詞在定語從句中的位置、成分。1. The people whomwhothat you met in the campus are from Australia. （從句中作賓語）（從句中作賓語）2. This was the time whenat whic

9、h she left for Beijing. (從句中作狀語從句中作狀語)The place which he often visits is always full of artists. (從句中作賓語從句中作賓語)10使用要點使用要點1. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，不能省略。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，不能省略。 The classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly equipped. 2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語且前面沒有介詞時，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語且前面沒有介詞時， 常可?？墒÷允÷?且且that前不能有介詞。前不能有介詞。 Thi

10、s is the girl with whom he works.3. 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中不可省略。關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中不可省略。 I have come to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting. The people whomwhothat you met in the campus are from Australia.（作賓語）（作賓語）11 1. The boy _ is standing near the door is my brother . that/who(主語)2. I like the book _

11、 you lent to me.that/which(賓語) 3. China is no longer the country _ it was.that/which(表語) 4.They planted the flowers_didnt need much water.which/that(主語) 5.The dictionary_ my father bought for me is very useful to me.which/that(賓語) 6. The teacher _ went to see me yesterday is Mr. Zhang. 7. Here is th

12、e man _you want to see.whom/that/who(賓語)who/that(主語)that12I know the girl _ face is red.whose(定語定語) Id like the room _ windows are big.whose(定語定語)whose 注意：注意： whose的先行詞指物時的先行詞指物時, 可用可用of which代替代替, 但詞序不同，即但詞序不同，即whose+名詞名詞=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces

13、 south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which of which the window 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 as引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句,用于固定搭配用于固定搭配,先行詞與先行詞與 as、 so、 such、 the same 連用。連用。 1. Do you want to buy the same radio as was shown on TV.(主語主語)2. He has as good a pen as I have. (賓語賓語)3.

14、 Beijing is not the same as it used to be .(表語表語)14. This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比較：比較：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，但不一定就是它表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，但不一定就是它表示這支筆就是我不見的那支表示這支筆就是我不見的那支 . 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 和介詞和介詞+ +which之

15、間的關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~介詞+which來替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 。介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時放在動詞之后。 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the rea

16、son why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. ! ! 注意注意: 介詞介詞+which（指物（指物),不可省不可省 介詞介詞+whom （指人（指人),不可省不可省 介詞后不用介詞后不用whowho、thatthatThe cityThe city whichwhich she lives inin is far away. .The manThe man whomwhom you spoke toto is our

17、 headmaster. .The farm on which we worked ten years ago is beautiful.This is the tree under which we used to play games.Hangzhou is the place where/to which I went last summer. I remember the day when/on which my father died. I was only ten years old at that time. 1. 介詞的確定方法介詞的確定方法The money with whi

18、ch you were to buy dog food is gone.He will never forget the day on which he failed in the exam.根據(jù)先行詞來確定根據(jù)先行詞來確定We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions. The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞確定根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞確定 Air, without w

19、hich man cant live, is really important.根據(jù)定語從句所表達的意義來確定根據(jù)定語從句所表達的意義來確定The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday. 2. 2. 介詞的位置介詞的位置 一般情況下，介詞放在關(guān)系代詞一般情況下，介詞放在關(guān)系代詞whichwhich和和whomwhom之前，之前，也可放在動詞后。也可放在動詞后。 固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前. .常見的這類動詞短語有常見的這類動詞短語有: look for/after/forwa

20、rd to、care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from, 等等. This is the right place Im looking for.The girl whom he is looking after is his sister. 1. Do you like the book on which she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book for which she paid $10?3. Do you like the book form which she learned a lot? 4. Do you

21、like the book about which she often talks? 介介詞詞+ +關(guān)系代詞的使用關(guān)系代詞的使用5. The man to whom I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.6. Glasses, without which I cant see clearly, are really important for me.7. China is a beautiful country, of which we are proud.8. Do you remember the day on wh

22、ich you joined our club?This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous doctor.1.1.名詞名詞+ +介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada. 2. 2.數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+ +介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞( (含基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分數(shù)含基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分數(shù)和百分數(shù)）和百分數(shù)） 3. 3.代詞代詞+

23、 +介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞（代詞有關(guān)系代詞（代詞有allall、bothboth、nonenone、 neitherneither、eithereither、somesome、anyany等）等） The old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers.4.4.形容詞最高級形容詞最高級+ +介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island. 5. 5.介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞+ +名詞名詞 He spent four

24、 years in college, during which time he studied medicine. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. 狀語 I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. 賓語 The house _ we visited is being repaired now. 賓語 The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. 狀語when(which/that)(which/that)

25、whereThe reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The reason_he gave isnt believable. 賓語whythat whichx1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether A2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what Bthat 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別先行詞為先行詞

26、為all, little, much, everything, nothing, no ,something, anything等不等不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用 that4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. B A. which B. that C. it D. whomu 先行詞為人和物的組合，關(guān)系代詞用先行詞為人和物的組合，關(guān)系代詞用that。u 若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或或 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系

27、代詞用關(guān)系代詞用 that。7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it A6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it Au先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時，關(guān)系代詞用等時，關(guān)系代詞用that

28、。5. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it B 1. 先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等等不定代詞不定代詞.2.先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等修飾時。等修飾時。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), t

29、he last, the very, the only 等時。等時。4. 先行詞為人和物的組合。先行詞為人和物的組合。5.若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或者或者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞用關(guān)系代詞用 that。 只用只用that的情況的情況: that 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1. Jim passed the driving test, , _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it A只用只用which的情況的情況:1.逗號后面逗號后面 2.介詞后面介詞后面2

30、. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A on which B that C which D.this Au一個句子一個句子,兩個定語從句兩個定語從句,為避免重復(fù)為避免重復(fù),一個用一個用that,另一另一個用個用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us. A that B which C where D as BAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the

31、 law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在one, anyone, those 指人時一般用指人時一般用“who”。he/she/I / they作先行詞時作先行詞時, 用用“who” 代替代替 “that”.考點二考點二: that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別whowhowho考點三考點三:介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 提醒提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 關(guān)鍵是判斷關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇介詞的選擇.方法一方法一:根據(jù)從句中根據(jù)從句中動詞動詞與與先行詞先行詞習(xí)慣搭配習(xí)慣搭配；方法二方法二:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行

32、詞的根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。邏輯關(guān)系。 注意：注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由常常由“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用引出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替。代替。1. The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2. The room in which my family live used to be a garage.The man is from Beijing Univ

33、ersity .I talked about him at the meeting.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也不能省，也不能省略，常用略，常用which或或whom。該介詞通常可以放在關(guān)系代。該介詞通常可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。詞

34、之前，也可放在從句之尾。 但遇固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。但遇固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。 Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? 考點四：考點四：asas與與whichwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換, ,但下列情況多用但下列情況多用asas。 1. 1.當(dāng)與當(dāng)與suchsuch或或the samethe same、soso、asas連用時，一般用連用時，一般用asas。 Such Such books b

35、ooks as as you tell me are interesting.you tell me are interesting. I have I have the same the same plan plan asas you.you. 2. 2.as as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首,as,as本身有本身有“正如正如,正象正象”之意，與之連用的詞有之意，與之連用的詞有 knowknow、seesee、expectexpect、AnnounceAnnounce、point out point out 等。等。 AsAs we all know, the earth is round. we all know, the earth is round.1. _ Engels pointed out , labour created man himself. A. Which B. That C. This D. As D2. They said they were French. _wasnt true. A. Which B. That