05語篇理解類：閱讀理解之七選五閱讀-2020年暑假新高三英語增分專項突破+題型特訓(xùn)

1、2020年暑假新高三英語增分專項突破+題型特訓(xùn)05語篇理解類：閱讀理解之七選五居綱解讀考試大綱要求考綱解讀給出一篇缺少5個句子的文章， 對應(yīng)有七個選項，要求考生根據(jù) 文早結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)谷，選擇正確的句 子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處?？疾榭忌倪壿嬎季S 能力，也就是對上下 文之間、層次之間邏 輯關(guān)系的判斷能力。主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及 上卜文邏輯的理解和掌握。 選項特點：主旨概 括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、過渡性句子（文章結(jié) 構(gòu)）、注釋性句子（上卜文邏輯意義）。一、考試大綱對閱讀理解的主要要求1 .掌握所讀文章的主旨和大意以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細(xì)節(jié)；2 .既理解具體的事實，也理解抽象的概念；3

2、 .既理解字面意思，也理解根據(jù)字面意思可以推斷出來的沒有明確說出的深沉含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等；4 .既理解某句、某段的意義，也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷；5 .既能根據(jù)文章所提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合中學(xué)生自己應(yīng)有的常識去理解。二、考試大綱對閱讀理解七選五的要求試卷中題干表述如下：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中 有兩項為多余選項。閱讀理解七選五，即給出一篇缺少5個句子的文章，對應(yīng)有七個選項，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處。該類題型要求從短文后的七個選項中（均為完整的句子）選出五個能填入 文章空處的最佳選項，主要考查

3、考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題 形式深受閱讀多項選擇題的影響，體現(xiàn)了新課標(biāo)“用英語獲取、處理和運用信息的能力；逐步獲取用 英語思維的能力。”的閱讀學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)理念。七選五和傳統(tǒng)題型完型填空有些類似，雖然完型填空題考查 的是詞匯層面，七選五考查的是句子層面，但是它們的考查方式是一樣的，只要考生選擇的答案能夠使行 文連貫，符合英文的語法以及習(xí)慣表達(dá)就行，因此，這兩類題型在做題方法上有共同之處。該題型命題形式仍然具有客觀題的特點，又與完形填空具有異曲同工之妙，只是選項少，以句子形式出現(xiàn)，考查目的和側(cè)重點不完全相同而已。從考試說明對該題型命題目的的表述“主要考查考生對文

4、章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意 義的理解和掌握?！笨梢缘贸鲆韵屡袛啵涸擃}備選項可分為主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容)、過渡性句子(文 章結(jié)構(gòu))和注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義)三類。其多余的兩個干擾項也往往從這三方面進(jìn)行設(shè)置，例如 主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，注釋性句子與上文 脫節(jié)等。三、閱讀理解七選五題型的特點1 .符合英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中“提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力”的要求和普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試說明中“如果希望準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解一篇文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握住全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系?！钡?/p>

5、要求。如果說通常意義上的高考英語完形填空題是詞法和句法范圍內(nèi)的考查，它是語言表達(dá)的基本單位，屬于語言的組織規(guī)律，那么閱讀填空題就是章法范圍內(nèi)的考查，是語言使用的范疇，屬于言語的組織規(guī)律，簡單地說，前者側(cè)重語言的結(jié)構(gòu)一語法，而后者側(cè)重語言的使用 一章法。2 .注重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。閱讀本質(zhì)就是一種理解、吸收、鑒賞、評價文章的思維過程，新題 型不但要求考生具備詞匯、句子、語段、語篇等方面的知識，而且要有辨證、綜合、分析、歸納方面的邏 輯思維能力，是閱讀的深層理解，也是閱讀的核心和關(guān)鍵。3 .題材新穎，具有濃厚的時代氣息和較高的真實性，與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷和生活經(jīng)歷相適應(yīng)，與新課程理念下的高考改革

6、走向相適應(yīng)，與高中英語教學(xué)實際相適應(yīng)，遵循了英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的評價理念，保證了試題的效度、信度、真實性和公平性原則。應(yīng)試技巧根據(jù)試題所在的不同位置確定不同的解題策略1 .如果空白在段首(1)通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找 同義詞或其他相關(guān)詞，從而推斷出主題句。(2)與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文的第一、二句，鎖定線索詞，然后在選項中查找相關(guān)詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。(3)段落間的過渡句。這時要 前瞻后望，閱讀上一段的結(jié)尾部分，并結(jié)合下一段的內(nèi)容，將所選的答案 代入，看其是否能 承上啟下，將兩段內(nèi)容連起來。2 .如果空

7、白在段尾(1)重點閱讀空白前的一兩句以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。(2)通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞、句。(3)與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時注意選項內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、對比關(guān)系。(4)與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系。在這種情況下，通常是要補全說明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，在選項中會出 現(xiàn)表示并列/遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文 類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。前句與正確答案的第 一句是緊密相連的，要特別注意閱讀這樣相連的兩句。(5)所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)

8、聯(lián)，此時可考慮與下一段開頭 是否有一定的銜接。(6)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。3 .如果空白構(gòu)成一整個自然段(1)這個段落應(yīng)該起承上啟下的作用，而且自成一體，即有一個段落的中心，因此可重點閱讀較長的選 項，以此類推，直至找到正確答案。(2)著重閱讀前一段結(jié)尾和后一段開頭的一兩句，尋找相關(guān)的線索，而且重要線索通常會在后一段開頭，因此后一段開頭往往比前一段結(jié)尾更重要。(3)分析段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意段落間的銜接手段。將選項代入原文，如果前后內(nèi) 容連貫，符合邏輯，即為正確答案。2020年，全國卷I,七選五閱讀A Few Tips for Self-Ac

9、ceptanceWe all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Here ' a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that even

10、tually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world. Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and t

11、ime again. Rather than getting caught up in how youcould have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate （ 有同情心、）response? " That didn ' t go as planned. But, I tried my best." Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at

12、s trength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39 Now that you ' ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put intoordswhy you feel unworthy, why you don'

13、t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to you4sel. Turnto a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?A. Feeling upset again?B. Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only human.E. Set an intention for self-

14、acceptance.F. Stop comparing yourself with others.G. When does the comparison game start?【答案】36. B 37. F 38. D 39. C 40. A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾個自我接納的小技巧。36 .根據(jù)題目 A Few Tips for Self-acceptance及下文的 Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction這有很多可以幫你找到正確方向的方法。）可知，選項B. Where do y

15、ou start?（從哪里開始那？）最合下文語境，故選 B項。37 .根據(jù)一F文 Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.（你是否希望最終你會因為自己的生活比他們的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在這個世界上是獨一無二的。）可知，本段主要講述不要把自己和別人作比較，因為生活是我們自己的，我們也是世

16、界上獨一無二的。故F. Stop comparing yourselfwith others.（停止把自己和別人進(jìn)行比較。）可以作為本段中心句，故選 F項。38 .根據(jù)本文的中心句 Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.（原諒自己所犯的錯誤。 ）及下文的 You will make mistakes, time and time again.（ 你會次又次地犯錯誤。 ）可知，選項 D. Remember, you are only human.（記住，你只是個人。）與上下文銜接最好，故選 D項。39 .根據(jù)上文 List all of

17、 your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you gotout of bed today.（列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了學(xué)位，今天就起床了。）可知，選項C. Nothingis too small to celebrate.（沒有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝。）與上文銜接最好，故選 C項。40 .結(jié)合上文 Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read

18、 these words back to yourself.（用語言來解釋為什么你覺得自己不值得，為什么你覺得自己不夠好。現(xiàn)在，自己讀一下這些話。）和下文的 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?（ 翻 到你日記本上記下你的有點和成就的那頁?？吹侥阌卸喟袅藛?？）可知，選項A. Feeling upset again?（再次感覺心煩意亂了嗎？）最合上下文語境，故選 A項。1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有

19、兩項為多余選項。Keys to a Good Family LifeIn posters and ads we often see pictures of happy families, but family life is not all smiles and laughter. All families are different and have problems, but you can make your family life better with hard work and determination. LSpend time together as a family. Som

20、e people are too busy for family time. You have to set aside time xue to plan and spend special times together. 2 Make the conversation around ke the table pleasant and caring; maybe ask each person how their day was or what is happening wang in their school or work life. Doing household chores toge

21、ther also helps.3. Allow members of your family to express their own feelings and ideas. Maintain eye contact and don' t interrupt when someone is talking. Listen carefully to what they are saying, before you judge or disagree. Hearing someone else, and being heard by that person, is the foundat

22、ion of a good relationship. 4. Try not to be angry at someone' s opinions. Even if you think that they are wrong, listen with an open mind to show that you care - and remember that no one is perfect.Meet each other ' s needs. Give time to eacheved/ one of your family members. Know what is go

23、ing on in their lives and what they need help with. 5. JI they need help with something, set aside time to do so. To be aware of your family members' emotional and physical needs, you need to communicate.A.Listen to their problems.B.Try applying the following steps.C.Allow each person to be an i

24、ndividual.D.So these steps will help you all get on well.E.Respect your family members ' feelings and ideas.F.Every day it should be eating at least one meal together.G.Each family member has his or her own opinions or suggestions.2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Have you ever had times

25、 questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes, what you ' ve experienced is negative self-talk. 6. You say to yourself untrue things like, " I ' not good enough. I m a disappointment. " These false beliefs stop us in our tracks. So, how do you stop the negative s

26、elf-talk?么Know you ' re special. You are“ One of aiKene is no other person that thinks exactly like you. Whenyou begin to sincerely believe how spe cial you are, it ' s easier to fight the negative self-talk.?Change your associationsYour negative self-talk comes from your environment. You di

27、dn' t just accidentally wake up one day thinlof bad things about yourself. It may be because someone, somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not, you believe them. However, if you surround yourself with the right people, they will build you up,

28、 inspire you and make you feel better. 8._?Change your dialogueRead and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day. Look at yourself in the mirror and say, “I am amazin或 and you ' ll believe you are awesome pretty soon.Of course, there are other things to stop negative

29、self- talk. 10., but if you are determined to think positively in every situation, that will bring a positive change in your life.A.Think the same wayB.Change is not easyC.Change your positionD.It begins in your brainE.Change your state of mindF.You ll seek out the right eople to help change your th

30、oughtsG.You' ll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Communication roadblocks are very common. They occur when two people talk in such a way that neither one feels understood.yHowever, there are several ways to help individuals

31、 overcome roadblocks.Soften the startup. One of the skills to overcome communication roadblocks is to begin a conversation by starting with something positive, expressing appreciation and taking responsibility for thoughts and feelings.12.For example, ''I want to stay more involved in making

32、 decisions about money'' rather than ''You never include me in financial decisions.''Make and receive repair attempts. Another important skill in overcoming communication roadblocks is learning to make and receive repair attempts. They are efforts to prevent an increasingly n

33、egative interaction from going any further.13.This is important because when conflicts appear, we often experience stress that can affect our ability to think and reason, which can lead to communication roadblocks. Taking time away from the conflict to calm down can help us be more prepared to discu

34、ss the issue.14.Overcoming communication roadblocks requires each partner to take turns being the speaker and the listener so that each has a chance to express themselves effectively. The goal is not to solve a particular problem, but rather to have a safe and meaningful discussion and to understand

35、 each other's point of view, which may lead to more effective communication.Dealing with communication roadblocks can take large amounts of mental, emotional, and physical energy. But learning and using a few simple skills can increase positive communication with others.15.A.Use effective speaki

36、ng and listening skills.B.Deal with roadblocks in communicating with partners.C.Sometimes we can take a break or make efforts to calm the situation.D.They are not good for effective communication and often deepen the conflicts.E.The opportunities for personal and relationship growth are well worth t

37、he effort.F.In addition, starting the message in the first person can promote positive communication. G.Recognizing roadblocks and trying to communicate effectively help positive interactions.Eating healthy isnt always easy, but committing to a healthy diet can be the smartest decision you evermake.

38、 Why? Not only can eating well make you look and feel better, it can also save you money. 16.Productivity can be increased. Like a car, your brain needs quality fuel to run efficiently. As one will experience increased focus shortly after improving their diet with nutritious foods and supplements, a

39、 higher working productivity is usually the outcome.It benefits finance. If your employer provides health coverage discounts, count your blessings! You can save a considerable amount of money through them. 17. By simply switching to a healthier diet and dropping a few pounds before you apply could s

40、ignificantly lower your costs.18. What you eat has an impact on your brain, including the parts that regulate mood. Maintaining stable blood sugar through regular, proper nutrition will help you feel better overall on most days. Foods rich in vitamins and minerals, seeds and fresh vegetables for ins

41、tance, are associated with a lower risk of depression, as are foods rich in omega-3 fats.You can control your weight better. More than half of the Americans are overweight or obese, and obesity contributes to 1 in 5 American deaths. Simple healthy choices such as replacing soda with water, choosing

42、vegetables instead of chips, and ordering a side salad in place of French fries will not only help you lose weight, it also can help you save money. 19.A relatively longer life is expected. The same diseases that make you feel bad and cost a lot of money may also decrease your life expectancy. Many

43、studies show a healthier diet relatively leads to a longer life.Your body is your temple and you are housed in it, so treat it nicely to whole nutrient foods that are good for it.20.A.A better mood is made possible.B.It will prevent you from getting sick.C.In return your body will serve you better.D

44、.There is no reason not to eat a healthy diet.E.Here are several top reasons to turn to a healthier diet.F.Besides, life insurance cost is partly based on how healthy you are.G.A normal-weight person can save some $3,000 per year on health care.When stress affects your sleep on a nightly basis, it s

45、ets you up for a terrible insomnia （ 失眠）that forces you to turn to sleeping pills.21.X Target （把,一 作為目標(biāo)） the enemy“Every night a couple of hours before bed, sitdown and make a list of all the problems you have to deal with, says Donna Arand, directo r of Kettering Hospital Sleep Disorders Center.&qu

46、ot; Next to each item, write a solution（plan. 22. That way, if thoughts of your problems arise as you' re trying to sleep, you can tell yourself,plan and I ' ll work on it tomorrow.”Balance your work and activities23. But a joint study of 314 workers found that workers with higher levels of

47、enjoyable activities such as exercise, hobbies, and social activities, were able not only to come back from workplace stress better than their always-on-the-job coworkers but also sleep much better than others.X Deal with lessFour of the top ten stressors we experience are related to money.24. And h

48、ow should we spend it? Given that, doesn ' it make sense that if we want less and are satisfied with less-smaller houses, and simpler forms of transportation-our stress levels will go down?弘 Give a nod to a nap （打盹）It ' s doubly unfortunate that stress makes it hard to get to sleep because,

49、chemically speaking, the antidote 對抗手段） to stress is sleep. There is a way to deal with it.25. It ' s true that one nap of up to 90 minutes between thehours of 1:00 and 4:00 P.M. during the day, will make people energetic again.A. That ' s by taking a nap.B. Here ' s how to step back fro

50、m that state.C.Now there is some advice on how to keep energetic.D. When you 're ready for bed, put the list by the bedroom door.E.It was reported recently that on-the-job stress has reached the worst levels.F.How can we get it ?G.Does stress always interrupt you?6根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項

51、中有兩項為多余選項。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.26 Here ' s how to make one. 27.In order to make a change, you need to deci de why it ' s important. Do you want to

52、 get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arrangin

53、g your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 28. That ' s a quarteour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. Keep your sleep/ wake schedule on weekends. If y

54、ou' re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturdaycould sound wonderful. But compensating （ 補償）on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 29. Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. Af

55、ter you tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 30. If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A.Get a sleep specialist.B.Find the night motivation.C.A better plan for sleep can help.D.And consider setting a second alarm.E.If the steps you take are working, keep it u

56、p.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee. e1【答案】1.B 2.F 3.E 4.G 5.A【解析】這是一篇選句填空。在海報和廣告中，我們經(jīng)?？吹叫腋＜彝サ恼掌彝ド畈⒉豢偸俏⑿?和笑聲。每個家庭都是不同的，都有問題，但是你可以通過努力和決心讓你的家庭生活得更好。文章主要 就如何讓家庭生活變得更好提出了一些方法和建議。1 .本句為第一段最后一句，有啟示下文的

57、作用，結(jié)合后文主要說明了一些讓家庭生活變得更好的方法。故選項 “嘗試應(yīng)用以下步驟 ”符合上下文語境，故選 B 。2 . 結(jié)合后文 Make the conversation around the table pleasant and caring; maybe ask each person how their day wasor what is happening wang in their school or work life. 可知讓餐桌上的談話愉快而富有關(guān)懷；也許可以問問他們今天過得怎么樣，或者在學(xué)校或工作中發(fā)生了什么。由此可知，本句是在建議要每天和家人在一起吃飯，讓餐桌上的談話愉快

58、而富有關(guān)懷。故F 選項 “每天至少應(yīng)該一起吃一頓飯 ”符合上下文語境，故選 F。3 .根據(jù)后文 Allow members of your family to express their own feelings and ideas. 可知允許你的家人表達(dá)他們自己的感受和想法。由此可知，本句是在說明要尊重家人的感受和想法。故E 選項 “尊重家人的感受和想法”符合上下文語境，故選 E。4 . 結(jié)合后文 Try not to be angry at someone s opinions. Even if you think that they are wrong, listen with an openmind to show that you care - and remember that no one is perfect. 可知試著不要對別人的意見生氣。即使你認(rèn)為他們是錯的，也要以開放的心態(tài)傾聽，表明你在乎他們 記住，人無完人。由此可知，本句是在說明要允許每個家庭成員都自己的意見或建議，且不要對別人的意見生氣，保持開放的心態(tài)傾聽。后文中 opinions可對應(yīng)到G選項中opinions or suggestions。故G選項 每個家庭成員都有自己的意見或建議“符合上下文語境，故選 G 。5 .根據(jù)上文 Know what is going on in their