英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、2021/8/52021/8/52l英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。l主動(dòng)語態(tài)： 人民創(chuàng)造歷史。l The people make history.l被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。l History is made by the people.2021/8/53l1 1、構(gòu)成、構(gòu)成l（1）肯定式： be + 過去分詞l在使用中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)還有“人稱、數(shù)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞搭配、時(shí)態(tài)”等問題，這些都在be動(dòng)詞上作形式上的變化。2021/8/54l規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞l（1 1）一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后加）一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞

2、原形后加eded。l（2 2）以不發(fā)音的）以不發(fā)音的e e結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加d d。l（3 3）以輔音加）以輔音加y y結(jié)尾的，把結(jié)尾的，把y y變變i i加加ededl（4 4）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，先雙寫輔音字母，再加母時(shí)，先雙寫輔音字母，再加ededlwatch-watched practice-practicedwatch-watched practice-practicedlstudy-studied stop-stoppedstudy-studied stop-stopped2021/8/55l不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)

3、詞的過去分詞lam / is /are -beenam / is /are -beenlhave / has -hadhave / has -hadldo -donedo -donelgo -gonego -gonelwrite -writtenwrite -written2021/8/562021/8/57l（2）疑問式：be + n. +過去分詞l Is rice grown here?l 這兒種水稻嗎？l（3）否定式：n.+be+not+過去分詞l Rice is not grown here.l 這兒不種水稻。l（4）帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：l 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞l The wo

4、rk must be done at once.l 這工作必須馬上做。2021/8/58l（5）帶有不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：l to be +過去分詞l Little Tom would love to be taken to the theater this evening.l 小湯姆愿意今天晚上被帶到劇院。2021/8/59l2 2、用法、用法l（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰l Her watch was stolen last night.l 她的手表昨晚被偷了。l Thousands of trees are planted every year.l 每年都種成千上萬的樹。l（2

5、）突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者l Wang Hong may be chosen monitor of our class.l 王紅可能被選為我們班的班長。2021/8/510l3 3、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)要注意的幾個(gè)問題、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)要注意的幾個(gè)問題l （1）時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持不變lThey will spend almost 100 million yuan on the project.lAlmost 100 million yuan will be spent on the project.l 這項(xiàng)工程要花近一億元。2021/8/511l（2）及物動(dòng)詞一般均可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞不能構(gòu)成

6、被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但某些不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定短語時(shí)，若有賓語，可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。lThey are singing happily.l 他們?cè)诟吲d地唱歌。lThey listened to the teacher carefully.l他們仔細(xì)地聽老師講。（listen為不及物動(dòng)詞，但這兒加了介詞to,可帶賓語，因此可改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）lThe teacher was listened to carefully.l人們仔細(xì)地聽老師講。2021/8/512l（3）含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)句，使用其被動(dòng)句式時(shí)，只需把賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，補(bǔ)足語部分留在原位不動(dòng)。lOur troop made the enemy gi

7、ve up fighting.l我們的部隊(duì)迫使敵人停止戰(zhàn)斗。lThe enemy was made to give up fighting.l敵人被迫停止戰(zhàn)斗。 2021/8/513l（4）有些短語動(dòng)詞，由“動(dòng)詞+介（副）詞”或由“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成（如：set up, carry out, send for, take care of等），可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體。lThey sent for the doctor immediately.l他們立刻去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。lThe doctor was sent for immediately.l立刻就派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生了。lWe shoul

8、d carry out the plan.l我們應(yīng)該執(zhí)行計(jì)劃。lThe plan should be carried out.l計(jì)劃應(yīng)該執(zhí)行。2021/8/514l1、某些由及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的不及物動(dòng)詞，如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等，常和副詞well, easily, smoothly等連用，用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。lThis pen writes smoothly.l這筆寫起來很流暢。lIn hot weather meat wont keep

9、 long.l熱天，肉不能長時(shí)間存放。lThe door cant open.l這門打不開。lThe cloth washes well.l這種布料好洗。2021/8/515l有些動(dòng)詞，如cook, print, do等，常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示被動(dòng)含義。lThe cakes are baking.l蛋糕正在烤。lThe lunch is cooking.l午飯正在燒。lThe book is printing.l這本書在排印中。lFish is selling briskly.l魚很暢銷。2021/8/516l2、動(dòng)詞need, require, want, deserve, be wort

10、h+V.ing的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。lWho said the boy deserves punishing?l誰說這男孩該受到懲罰？l3、某些系動(dòng)詞，如feel, prove, smell, taste,sound等，加上形容詞，也可用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。lYour suggestion proved quite effective.l你的建議已證明是很有效的。l4、有些以后綴-able或-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞，如：acceptable, avilable, drinkable, eatable, reliable, visible, punishable, feasible等，也可表示

11、被動(dòng)意義。lYour advice is not acceptable.l你的建議是不可取的。2021/8/517l5、某些介詞短語，如under discussion, under consideration, on display, on sale, under arrest, on trial, in dispute等，也可用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。lSome fresh vegetables have been on sale.l一些新鮮的蔬菜已經(jīng)上市出售。2021/8/518l1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動(dòng)詞，表動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，表狀態(tài)。lThese books a

12、re sold quickly.l這些書售得快。（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）lThese books are all sold out.l這些書全賣完了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）2021/8/519l2、被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)可以跟by短語，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則一般不用by短語。lThe old lady was very excited at hearing the news.l聽到這個(gè)消息，老婦人很興奮。lWhen the dam was finished, many of the temples would be covered by the waters of the new lake.l在水壩建成之后，其中有許多寺廟將會(huì)被湖水淹沒。

13、（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）2021/8/520l3、系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可被very等副詞修飾；被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可用much修飾。lThe husband was very agitated about his wifes health.l丈夫?qū)ζ拮拥慕】禒顩r深感不安。lThe driver was much agitated by the young mans death in the car accident.l在這次車禍中，那個(gè)年輕人的死，使司機(jī)深感不安。（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）2021/8/521l4、系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞常常有其固定的介詞搭配，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)則沒有l(wèi)Each stone was marked w

14、ith a number.l每塊石頭上都標(biāo)有號(hào)碼。lI was surprised at his coming.l我感到奇怪，他竟然來了。lMany people are interested in American country music.l許多人都對(duì)美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂感興趣。2021/8/522l1、Many accidents_by careless drivers last year.lA. are caused B. were causedlC. have caused D. will cause B B2021/8/523l2、Today a lot of information c

15、an_online.lA. receive B. be receivedlC. is received D. receivingB B2021/8/524l3、In many places in China, the old over 90_not only by their family but also by the government.lA. is taking good carelB. are taken good care oflC. is taking good care oflD. are taken good careB B2021/8/525l4、These books s

16、hould _to the library on time.lA. send B. be returnedlC. give back D. be got backB B2021/8/526l5、An official _by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.lA. is interviewinglB. is interviewedlC. was interviewinglD. was interviewedD D2021/8/527l6、A Disneyland Park(迪斯尼樂園)_in Shanghai Pudo

17、ng New Area in the near future.lA. builds B. has builtlC. will build D. will be builtD D2021/8/528l7、Another new railway station_in Changsha in 2011.lA. was built lB. buildlC. will be builtC2021/8/529l8、-Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting?l-No decision yet. I think it_after discussi

18、ng with my PE teacher.lA. will be decidedlB. will decidelC. was decidedlD. is decidedA2021/8/530l9、Another two months will be needed before the new bridge_.lA. completeslB. is completedlC. has completedlD. will be completedB2021/8/531l10、-Can you sing this English song?l-Of course. I can. It_many times on the radio.lA. taughtlB. has taughtlC. is taughtlD. has been taughtD2021/8/532l11.-Are you going to the party?l-No, because I_.lA. have askedlB. havent askedlC. have been askedlD. havent been askedD2021/8/5