初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞優(yōu)選時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)計(jì)劃對(duì)照表.doc

1、初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞優(yōu)選時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)計(jì)劃對(duì)照表句中一般有以下 狀 ：tomorrow, ne_t day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。1.基本 構(gòu) ：主 +be (is,am,are)going to +原形 .主 +will+ 原形 .2.否定句： 主 +be (is,am,are)+not +going to +原形 .主 +will +not(wont)+ 原形.例如： I m going to have a picnic this afternoon. I m not going to have a picnic t

2、his afternoon.3.一般疑 句：Is(Are)+主 +going to + 原形 .+?Will+ 主 + 原形 +?例： We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are.No, we aren t.Willhe go to Beijing ne_t week?Yes,he will.No,he wont. 劃 部分提 。一般情況，一般將來(lái) 的 劃 部分有三種情況。1). 人。Who 例如： I m going to New

3、 York soon.Whos going to New York soon.2). 干什么。What ? do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.What is y our father going to do with you this afternoon.3). 什么 候。When.例如： Shes going to go to bed at nine.When is she going tobed?5.同 句： be going to = willI am going to go swimming

4、 tomorrow（明天）.= I willgo swimming tomorrow.5. 去 行 ：肯定句： 主 +助 be (was,were)+ 在分 -ing+ 其它否定句： 主 +助 be (was,were)+not+ 在分 -ing+一般疑 句：Was(Were)+主 + 在分 -ing+ 其它？特殊疑 句：疑 +was(were)+ 在分 -ing+ 其它 ?其它用法 :1、 表示在 去某一 正在 行的 作，往往有表示 去的 狀 then,time yesterday等，或與 去 生的某事同 生的 作（即與when, whileat thattime,this引出的 狀 從句

5、用）。例： They were talking about a film at si_ yesterday evening.昨晚6 點(diǎn)他 正在 一部 影。What were you doing at this time last week? When the teacher came in, they were talking.上周的 個(gè) 候你在干什么？老 來(lái) ，他 在 。2、 表示在 去某一段 內(nèi) 行的 作。例： They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon.昨天下午2 點(diǎn)到3 點(diǎn)他 在游泳。She was watching

6、 TV the whole morning.她整個(gè)上午在看 。3、 表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例： He said he was leaving on Tuesday.Tom said he was going tomorrow.他說(shuō)他周二動(dòng)身。湯姆說(shuō)他明天去。4、 用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)描寫(xiě)故事背景。例： It was getting dark.The d was rising.天漸漸黑了下來(lái)，風(fēng)勢(shì)增強(qiáng)了。The procession was going.He was standing among the crowd looking on.隊(duì)伍在前進(jìn)。他站在人群中觀看。6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成： 肯定句 ：主

7、語(yǔ) +助動(dòng)詞 have（ has ）+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞-ed否定句： 主語(yǔ) +助動(dòng)詞 have （has）+not(haven t,hasn t)+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞-ed一般疑問(wèn)句：Have(Has)+主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞-ed+ ？特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 +have(has)+主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞-ed+ ？用法：1、 表示說(shuō)話(huà)之前已完成的動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在是情況仍有影響。常被just,already,yet等副詞修飾。Mr.Wang has just e back from America.王先生剛從美國(guó)回來(lái)。2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常帶有for或since

8、等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。如： Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)瞬間動(dòng)詞即終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。常見(jiàn)終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ( 或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ) 的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下 : e / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/atopen -be opendie - bedeadclose -be closedbee-beborrow- keepput on - wearbuy -haveleave -be away (from)begin / start -be onfall asleep -be asle

9、epend/finish -be overcatch a cold -have a coldjoin the army -be in the army,be a soldierjoin the Party-be in the Party , be a Party member例：吉姆買(mǎi)這支已有兩年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 20_7It is tw

10、o years since Jim bought this pen.在表示“最近幾世 / 年 / 月以來(lái)” 狀 中， 用 在完成 。in the past few years/months/weeks/days； over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history等5.表示“第幾次做某事，”或在“Itisthe best(worst,most interesting) +名 that”后面跟 在完成 。例：

11、 This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.have / has been to + 地點(diǎn) 意 “曾去 某地”，暗含目前已不在 地， 表示當(dāng)事人的一種 而已。have / has gone to +地點(diǎn)“到了某地去了”，暗含“已離開(kāi)原地去了某地”之意，但是否到達(dá)了某地尚不確定。如： He has gone to Shanghai.He has been to

12、 Shanghai.他去了上海。他去 了上海。7. 在完成 行 表示一個(gè) 作從 去某 開(kāi)始，延 或重復(fù)地出 至今，或?qū)?延 至將來(lái)。常與表示一段 的狀 ，如：for two hours,since early morning,these few days等 用。構(gòu)成：肯定句： 主 +助 have(has)+been+ 在分 -ing否定句： 主 +助 have(has)+not+been+ 在分 -ing一般疑 句：Have(Has)+主 + been+ 在分 -ing+?特殊疑 句：疑 + have(has)+主 + been+ 在分 -ing+?例： It has been raining

13、 for three hours.We have been waiting here since an hour ago.How long has it been raining?雨下多久了？She has been sitting there for more than 2 hours.Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.He has been telephoning me several times in two days.他已 在那坐了兩個(gè)小 了。最近我 常 面。兩天他打好幾次 我。注意事 ： 與 在完成 相比， 在完成

14、 行 更 ：一直持 或一直反復(fù)出 。在從 去到 在的 里， 作或狀 去完成 構(gòu)成：肯定句： 主 +助 had + 去分 -ed+ 其它否定句： 主 +助 had +not(hadn t)+ 去分 -ed+ 其它一般疑 句 ;Had+主 + 去分 -ed+ 其它 +？特殊疑 句：疑 +had + 主 + 去分 -ed+ 其它 +？例： There had been 25 parks in our city up till 20_.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had e

15、_pected.用法：1、 表示在 去某一 或 作之前已完成或延 到某一 去 的 作或狀 ，即“ 去的 去“。一 作可以是一直持 到 去 一 刻或?qū)?下去。 個(gè) 去的 常用by，beforeafter,）等介 短 或一個(gè) 狀 從句表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示 去的 作或上下文來(lái)表示。例： The train had left before she got to the station.在她到 站以前，火 已開(kāi)走了。We had learned about 500 English words by the end of mine.到上個(gè)月 止，我已 學(xué)了 500 個(gè)英文 。Mr.Smith died

16、yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了，他曾是我的一位好友。2、 用于以 when, as soon as, as?as, before, after, until, now that引 的狀 從句中或一些 從句中以表示 作 生的 早于主句所表示的 作，可表示原因、 作先后等關(guān)系。如：例： After I had finished my homework, I watched TV last night.We took a ta_i home, as the last bus already gone.（表 先后）由于最后一班公 已開(kāi)走，所以，我 就乘出租 回家。（表原因）He got to the airport and suddenly realized that he had forgo