(推薦)2016高考七選五解題步驟和技巧

1、(推薦)2016高考七選五解題步驟和技巧 things that we must know:things that we must know:1.考察方式：考察方式： 給出一篇缺少5個句子個句子的短文和7個選項個選項。要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子填入相應(yīng)空白處。有兩個多余選項有兩個多余選項。2.考綱解讀：考綱解讀： 主要考察學(xué)生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。（考試說明）3.選材特點選材特點： 短文一般為300詞左右的說明文說明文或議論文議論文，其中正文詞數(shù)240左右，選項詞數(shù)60左右。4.設(shè)空類型設(shè)空類型 主旨句主旨句 （標(biāo)題類，主題

2、句類）過渡性句子過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）細節(jié)注釋性句子細節(jié)注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）二、命題規(guī)律及考察趨勢：二、命題規(guī)律及考察趨勢：考點考點題量分布題量分布2012課標(biāo)、全國12013課標(biāo)、全國12014課標(biāo)、全國12015 課標(biāo)、全國1主題句0022過渡句1111細節(jié)4422解題步驟：解題步驟：（在高考的現(xiàn)場如果考生用大量的（在高考的現(xiàn)場如果考生用大量的時間來徹底讀懂文章的意思其實是不現(xiàn)實的，也是時間來徹底讀懂文章的意思其實是不現(xiàn)實的，也是沒有必要的，我們可以嘗試以下四步走。沒有必要的，我們可以嘗試以下四步走。) )1.先讀文章的開始部分文章的開始部分，明確文章的基本話題,然后仔細閱讀五個空

3、各自的前后前后句尋找并畫出關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞。（一名(名名詞詞)袋（代詞代詞）鼠（數(shù)詞數(shù)詞）很特殊（特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞），連（連詞連詞）蹦（動詞動詞）帶跳很彪（標(biāo)點標(biāo)點/標(biāo)題標(biāo)題）悍。）2.要對文章中出現(xiàn)的銜接手段保持敏感度。銜接手段分為三種：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接?？砂催@幾個原則判斷原文的空與選項是否匹配。3.一旦確定一個選項，就要在該選項上做出標(biāo)記（例如可以刪掉），以避免干擾和分散注意力。4.將選項選項代入到文章中重讀，依據(jù)行文邏輯，再次確定選項。1快要落山的太陽，時而鉆進車廂，時而隱沒林中。夕陽的余暉涂紅快要落山的太陽，時而鉆進車廂，時而隱沒林中。夕陽的余暉

4、涂紅了南藏高原，拉長了旅游車的影子。載著五十多名來自全國各地游客的大巴了南藏高原，拉長了旅游車的影子。載著五十多名來自全國各地游客的大巴車，穿梭在從普達措國家公園返回香格里拉的路上。徒步行走了十余公里的車，穿梭在從普達措國家公園返回香格里拉的路上。徒步行走了十余公里的游客們的確有些累了，扎西尼瑪導(dǎo)游用沙啞的聲音溫和地對游客們說，你們游客們的確有些累了，扎西尼瑪導(dǎo)游用沙啞的聲音溫和地對游客們說，你們可以閉上眼睛，靠在椅背上聽我說話就行了。車速不快也不慢地沿著時可以閉上眼睛，靠在椅背上聽我說話就行了。車速不快也不慢地沿著時陡時緩的山路行駛著，天色漸漸暗了下來。望不見迂回陡峭的山路心里反倒陡時緩的山

5、路行駛著，天色漸漸暗了下來。望不見迂回陡峭的山路心里反倒比來時踏實了許多。導(dǎo)游扎西尼瑪是地道的藏族人，家就住在香格里拉的農(nóng)比來時踏實了許多。導(dǎo)游扎西尼瑪是地道的藏族人，家就住在香格里拉的農(nóng)村。個子不高，長發(fā)凌亂，膚色黧黑，衣著樸素，整個人看上去有幾分邋遢村。個子不高，長發(fā)凌亂，膚色黧黑，衣著樸素，整個人看上去有幾分邋遢，但是兩天的時間里，團里的游客們非常喜歡他的純樸。只讀過漢文初中的，但是兩天的時間里，團里的游客們非常喜歡他的純樸。只讀過漢文初中的扎西實在算不上知識淵博的導(dǎo)游。扎西從事導(dǎo)游工作扎西實在算不上知識淵博的導(dǎo)游。扎西從事導(dǎo)游工作15年了，是香格里拉導(dǎo)年了，是香格里拉導(dǎo)游協(xié)會的副會長。

6、游客們欣慰的是，他不強迫游客們購物，告訴大家開心地游協(xié)會的副會長。游客們欣慰的是，他不強迫游客們購物，告訴大家開心地玩上三天。扎西自豪地說，他是有工資的，每天三百元。他家里不缺錢，日玩上三天。扎西自豪地說，他是有工資的，每天三百元。他家里不缺錢，日子過得很富有。家里有子過得很富有。家里有67頭黑牦牛，夏天里，父母一邊放牧牦牛一邊挖蟲草頭黑牦牛，夏天里，父母一邊放牧牦牛一邊挖蟲草。冬蟲夏草市場價格越來越貴，當(dāng)年他們大把大把嚼著吃的蟲草，現(xiàn)在每根。冬蟲夏草市場價格越來越貴，當(dāng)年他們大把大把嚼著吃的蟲草，現(xiàn)在每根都能賣到幾十元。車廂里響起了呼嚕聲，扎西導(dǎo)游依舊繼續(xù)講述著藏族都能賣到幾十元。車廂里響起

7、了呼嚕聲，扎西導(dǎo)游依舊繼續(xù)講述著藏族人人細節(jié)類題型解題技巧細節(jié)類題型解題技巧 the scientists say that the human life has changed greatlyour bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses 72 72 so they are called diseases of civilizationmany cancers and diseases of the blood s

8、ystem are examples of such diseases.astone age people lived a simple life.bbut today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.cin that case, they would live much healthier.dancient people also got lots of physical exercise.ethese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.f people today probably dont wan

9、t to live like our ancestors.gmodern people used to suffer from diseases of civilization.1.1. sicknessessicknessese同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)on the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language

10、,and chances to see different parts of the world._those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family, the following are its advantages.b.however,there may be a number of disadvantages.c.consider a distance education.d.most of us are adapted to studying at school.however?反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

11、dont fear people _. the reason most people dont take risks,or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. if you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.a. focus on your own talents and strengthsb.never let others opinions guid

12、e your choices.c.stay fearless in everything you will have to do.派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn)派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn)csummary: 七選五解題技巧七選五解題技巧1：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對置對同一個概念同一個概念進行進行重復(fù)重復(fù)描述。描述。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。 everybody

13、 gets stressed time to time. try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) get support. when you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 they might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test,

14、 or the death of a beloved pet.a. ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. c. different people feel stress in different ways e. you need to figure out what the problem is. f. and dont forget about your friends. 可以相信的人可以相信的人=父母父母+親戚親戚+朋友（同范疇）朋友（同范疇）fsummary: 七選五解題技巧七選五解題技巧2：同范疇詞

15、同范疇詞同范疇詞同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達到語義銜接的目的。，達到語義銜接的目的。你可以你可以在選項中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，在選項中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達到快而準。一般來說，上下文中詞匯從而達到快而準。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。 73 they say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, b

16、. he said that laughter is much healthier than anger.a. doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.c. anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.theya72 72 .their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. they may act in ways unacceptable and

17、 hurtful. people may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._7373_e. in fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.g. some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. gesummary: 七選五解題技巧七選五解題技巧3：代詞提示代詞提示 英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞

18、的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準確這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。而快速地解題。it:it:單數(shù)名詞或整個句子；單數(shù)名詞或整個句子；they/them:they/them:復(fù)數(shù)名詞；復(fù)數(shù)名詞；one:one:單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that:that:不可數(shù)名詞或句子；不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this:this:單數(shù)名詞或句子；單數(shù)名詞或句子；these/those:these/those:前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。細節(jié)類題型解題技巧細節(jié)類題型解題技巧b. t

19、here are three practical note-taking methods. a. you must write your notes on separate paper. c. first, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. _ .second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.cas you t

20、ake notes,you may want to use your own shorthand. when you do be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time._8_a. use words ,not completed sentence.b. there are three pratical note-taking methods.c. you must write your notes on separate paper.d. otherwise, you may not b

21、e able to read your notes later.e. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.d轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系finally,you never know what wonderful ideas might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._9_a. at one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illness.b. therefore, its a

22、 good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.b 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系 過渡性句子可以從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷可分為：過渡性句子可以從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷可分為：a, 并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系：first(ly),second(ly),.；first, then/next,.；in the first place， in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。等。b, 遞進

23、關(guān)系遞進關(guān)系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,whats more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。等。c, 解釋例證關(guān)系解釋例證關(guān)系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等等d, 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系： so /therefore ,thus ,

24、consequently(結(jié)果）結(jié)果） ,as a result (of), so/ such .that .,so that .等等e, 轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等等f, 概況歸納關(guān)系概況歸納關(guān)系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally spe

25、aking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。等。summary：邏輯關(guān)系的銜接：邏輯關(guān)系的銜接篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類題解題技巧篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類題解題技巧若考察空為小標(biāo)題，則根據(jù)所在小段落的內(nèi)若考察空為小標(biāo)題，則根據(jù)所在小段落的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)歸納。容進行總結(jié)歸納。注意標(biāo)題的簡潔性！注意標(biāo)題的簡潔性！ _1_telling someone that you cant remember his name can actually make people relaxed. most of the

26、m will feel sympathy if you say, im working to remember names better. yours is right on the tip of my tongue. what is it again? a.if you cant remember someones name, you may tell him the truth b. admit you dont know c.recite and repeat names d.let others help you remember their names.b小標(biāo)題，簡明小標(biāo)題，簡明若考

27、察空非小標(biāo)題，則根據(jù)試題所在位置確若考察空非小標(biāo)題，則根據(jù)試題所在位置確定不同的解題策略定不同的解題策略 1)如果如果問題在段首問題在段首 通常是段落主題句通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。推斷出主題句。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題。2)如果問題在段尾如果問題在段尾 通常是通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在。注意在選項中查找選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，如，如therefore, as

28、 a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等詞語等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。1.（2010新課標(biāo)全國卷）新課標(biāo)全國卷） 73_when a person is asking a question , show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.a.show your true interest.b.restate the

29、 question with respect .c.some ideas can be quite concrete.2.(2011遼寧卷）遼寧卷）go for a walk. mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical are blood glucose down to normal levels. in fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain . _ 74_a. this can be especially harmful to the aged.b. so take a few minutes each day to do some reading .c. in other words ,when