【精選】2020年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(基礎(chǔ)講解)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【真題再現(xiàn)】1. 一 Some children cant afford necessary stationary. （2014 揚(yáng)州）- Lets donate our pocket money to them.A. buyB. buyingC. to buy D. be bought2. My parents always tell me more vegetables and fruit. （2014 d匕京）A. eat B. eatingC. eatsD. to eat3. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises

2、money poor young girls returnto school. （2014 鎮(zhèn)江）A. to saveB. savingC. helpingD. to help4. Granny often tells us water in our daily life. （2014 泰安）A. saveB. savingC. to saveD. saves5. Tom s mother told him eating too much meat. （2014 黔西南州）A. stoppingB. to stopC. stopsD. stopped6. 一 Hey guys, Chinese

3、 way of the road is very dangerous. You must wait for thegreen lights on. （2014 昆明）-Thank you for your advice, sir.A. goingB. walkingC. crossingD. passing7. - What else should we pay attention to building the bridge? （2014 淮安）一The change of the weather, I think.A. finish B. finished C. to finishD. f

4、inishing8. Tom, why are you in such a hurry? （2014 黑龍江省龍東地區(qū)）Oh, my bike is broken, I m going to have it.A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair9. The WWF is working hard the animals in danger . （2015 南寧）A . save B. to saveC. saves D . saved10. Sarah, you d better drink more water a te for such a long

5、time. （2015 廣州）A. runB. runsC. to run D. running11. This sign is used tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo . （2015 南通）A . to warnB. to warningC. to makeD . to making12. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time boring numbers and information . （2015 臨沂）A.

6、 processingB. to process C. processed D. process13. My friend invited me the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure. （2015 上海）A. joinB. to joinC. joinedD. joining14. Martin was so busy the old that he gave up his part-time job. （2015 上海）A. helpingB. helpedC. to helpD. help15. The traffic signs wa

7、rn people after drinking. （2015 青島）A. to driveB. not to driveC. drivingD. dont drive【答案與解析】1. C。句意：一一一些孩子買不起必要的文具。一一讓我們把零花錢捐給他們吧。afford后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，故選 C項(xiàng)。2. D。句意：我父母總是告訴我多吃蔬菜和水果。tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事，故選D。3. Do句意：春蕾計(jì)劃是一個(gè)為幫助貧困女孩重返學(xué)校募集錢的組織。此處需用動(dòng)詞不 定式表示目的，排除 B和C; save救，挽救；help幫助，根據(jù)句意選 D。4. C。本句意為：Gra

8、nny經(jīng)常告訴我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪幸?jié)約用水。tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事，故答案選Co5. B。本題意為：Tom的媽媽告訴他要停止吃太多的肉；tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人不要做某事，故答案選 Bo6. C。本題意為： 嗨，中國(guó)式的過(guò)馬路是很危險(xiǎn)的。你必須等待綠燈亮。 先生，謝謝你的建議。crossing the road表示橫穿馬路，故答案選C。7. C?本題意為：一一我們完成這座橋還應(yīng)該注意些什么？一一我想應(yīng)該注意天氣的變 化。本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式，pay attention to意為注意。to是介詞，所以后面接名詞以及動(dòng)名詞，但本題題空中，應(yīng)該表示目的

9、，所以選動(dòng)詞不定式，答案為 Co8. Bo本題意為：一一Tom,為什么你這么匆忙？一一Oh,我的自行車壞了，我要去修一下。have sth. done意為“使某事、某物被”，故答案選B。9. Bo句意為：世界自然基金會(huì)正在努力去拯救瀕危動(dòng)物。此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的 狀語(yǔ)，故選B。10. Do句意：Sarah,跑了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的步，你最好喝些水。run跑步；runs第三人稱單數(shù)形式；to run動(dòng)詞不定式；這里是介詞after+動(dòng)名詞形式，故選 D。11. A。句意為：在動(dòng)物園，這個(gè)標(biāo)志被用來(lái)警告游客遠(yuǎn)離獅子。be used to do sth.表示“被用來(lái)做某事”，為固定用法，故選 Ao12.

10、 Ao spend+時(shí)間+(in) doing sth.意為“做某事花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間”，故選A。13. B。句意：我的朋友邀請(qǐng)我參加藝術(shù)俱樂(lè)部，我愉快地接受了。 join動(dòng)詞原形；to join動(dòng)詞不定式；joined動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；joining動(dòng)名詞形式。invite sb. to do sth. 意為“邀請(qǐng)某人 做某事”，結(jié)合句意及結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為B項(xiàng)。14. A。句意：馬丁如此忙于幫助老人，以至于他放棄了他的兼職工作。be busy doing sth.意為“忙于做某事”。結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)的形式，答案為 A項(xiàng)。15. B。句意：交通標(biāo)志警示人們不要酒后駕車。warn sb. to do sth意為“

11、警告某人干某事；warn sb. not to do sth意為警告某人不要干某事”?！居梅ㄖv解】 考試要求：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中考考查的重點(diǎn)有：1 . it作形式主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的用法；2 .感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法；3 .動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞的連用；4 . 一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)就要帶to;5 .有些動(dòng)詞既可以接不定式也可以接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但是表達(dá)的意思不同。1 .動(dòng)詞不定式(1)動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成：不定式的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to,這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無(wú)詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定

12、形式是not+(to+)動(dòng)詞原形。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能：功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)To speak English is not easy for us . = It is not easy for us to speak English .講英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)不容易。作主語(yǔ)用的不定式，常常用 it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放 在后面。表語(yǔ)My work is to clean the room every day . = To clean the room every day is my work .我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語(yǔ)， 可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)What sports d

13、oes he like to play?他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？ He likes to play basketball .他喜歡打籃球。只能作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，一 般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓補(bǔ)My mother made me play the piano all the time . 我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在 make, let, see, hear, watch 等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定 式省略to。定語(yǔ)Have you got anything to say?你后要說(shuō)的嗎？不定式作定語(yǔ)，要放在所修 飾詞的后面。狀語(yǔ)Im sorry to trouble you .(表原因) 很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I

14、 went to the library to study English .(表目的) 我去圖書館學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。不定式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ) 要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。1)不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It + be+ adj. +(for/of sb . )+動(dòng)詞不定式。如:To learn English well is useful . f It is useful to learn English well .學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很有用。Its important for us to protect the environment .保護(hù)環(huán)境對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很

15、重要。注意：在kind , good, nice, clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用 for而用of。如： Its very kind of you to help me .你幫助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that .你那樣做真是太聰明啦！2)不定式作賓語(yǔ)一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如:would like , like , want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。如: Would you like to see a film this eve

16、ning?你今晚想去看電影嗎？在find , think后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用 it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day .我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)很容易。常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式why not do. , why dont you do. , had better(not) do. , would rather do, could/would/will you please ( not) do.如：I would rather stay in the room .我寧愿待在房間里。3)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)

17、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：tell, ask, want, allow , get,would like , encourage后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio .露西讓他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我學(xué) 日語(yǔ)。注息：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(hear, listen to)、三讓(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, w

18、atch, notice), 但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss .老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。4)不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：There is nothing to worry about . 沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的。5)不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞 what, which , when, where, how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。如：The teacher is te

19、lling the students what to do .老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。He didnt know where to go .他不知道去哪里。(where to go = where he should go)2 .動(dòng)名詞(1)動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成：一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+ -ing”構(gòu)成。(2)動(dòng)名詞的句法功能：功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)Eating too much is bad for your health . 吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。賓 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)I like playing basketball very much . 我非常喜歡打籃球。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或 經(jīng)常性的

20、動(dòng)作。介詞賓語(yǔ)Stamps are used for sending letters. 郵票是被用來(lái)寄信的。表語(yǔ)His hobby is collecting stamps . =Collecting stamps is his hobby . 他的愛(ài)好是集郵。多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可 轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)She is in the reading room . 她在閱覽室里。We should improve our teaching methods.我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、 所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之 刖。汪思：finish , enjoy , mind , mis

21、s,be worth , be busy, be used to（習(xí)慣于） 這些詞：完成實(shí)踐值得忙 繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄 考慮建議不禁想 喜歡思念要介意3.分詞（1）分詞的構(gòu)成：practicegive uphave funkeep onhave trouble/problem (in) , spend.( in) , feel like , consider, suggest, cant help可按下面的順口溜記憶(finishpractice,be worth, be busy)(keep on, be used to, give up) (consider, suggest, cant help, feel like) (enjoy, miss, mind)英語(yǔ)中有一些詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。初中階段常見的有:+-ing”構(gòu)成；過(guò)去分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式由“動(dòng)詞