小升初語法--形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

1、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級一、形容詞和副詞的比較等級形式大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、 比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞和副詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1 ） 規(guī)則變化：音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er， -est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-est。tall（ 高的 ）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以- le 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加 -r,-st 。nice（好的 ）large（大的 ）able（有能力的）n

2、icer larger ablernicest largest ablest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er， -est 。big（大的）hot 熱的）bigger hotterbiggest hottest“以輔音字母+y ” 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改 y 為i，再加-er，-est 。easy（容易的）busy（忙的 ）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少數(shù)以-er， -ow 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er， -est 。clever（聰明的）narrow（ 窄的 ）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和

3、多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more， most 來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。important（ 重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2）不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good（好的） / well（ 健康的）betterbestill（有病的） / bad （壞的）/ badly （ 壞地 ）worseworstmuch/many（多的 ）moremostlittle（ 少的 ）lessleastold （老的 ）older/elder比較老的/較年長的oldest/eldest最老的/最年長的far （遠(yuǎn)的/地 ）

4、farther/furtherfarther/further二、形容詞和副詞比較等級的常用句型。（ 1 ） as + 形容詞或副詞原級+ as1 ）在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式。- as +形容詞 + a +單數(shù)名詞This is as good an example as the other is.- as + many/much + 名詞I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。- Thi

5、sroom is twice as big as that one. -Your room is the same size as mine.4） 倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍數(shù) + then + of- Thisbridge is threetimes as long as that one.- Thisbridge is threetimes the length of thatone.- Your room is twice as large as mine.- Your room is twice the size of mine.（ 2）比較級形容詞或

6、副詞+ than- You are taller than I.注意：1 ）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。- （錯 ） He is more cleverer than his brother.- （對 ） He is more clever than his brother.- （對 ） He is clever than his brother.2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。- （ 錯 ） China is larger that any country in Asia.- （ 對 ） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意對

7、應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。- The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.- It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有名詞。比較： Which is large, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of t

8、he two sisters.（ 3）可修飾比較級的詞1 ） a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等 2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3）以上詞（除by far）外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。典型例題2 ）Are you feeling ?Yes， I'm fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better答案： B. any 可修飾比較級

9、，quite 修飾原級，well 的比較級為better.3 ） The experiment waseasier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much答案： C. much 可修飾比較級，因此B， C 都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C 為正確答案。4 ） If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeC. much happiest time 答案：D。B. a mor

10、e happier timeD. a much happier time重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)詳解( 1 ) many ,old 和 far1) 如果后接名詞時，much more + 不可數(shù)名詞many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)2) old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式:- older/oldest- elder/eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。- My elder brother is an engineer.- Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3) far 有兩種比較級，farther， further. 在英語中兩者都可指距離。在美語中，fathe

11、r 表示距離，further 表示進(jìn)一步。I have nothing further to say.( 2) the + 最高級 + 比較范圍1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the，副詞最高級前可不用。形容詞 most 前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非常 ”。It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。- (錯 ) Tom is the tallest

12、 of his three brothers.- (對 ) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列詞可修飾最高級by far, far, much, mostly, almost - This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a. very 可修飾最高級，但位置與much 不同。- This is the very best.- This is much the best.b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。- Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換

13、：- Mike is the most intelligent in his class.- Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) “否定詞語+比較級”， “否定詞語+ so as結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義?！盢othing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.( 3)和more 有關(guān)的詞組1) the more the more 越 就越 The harder you work ， the g

14、reater progress you'll make.2) more B than A = less A than B 與其說A 不如說 BHe is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 與 一樣，不比 多 The officials could see no more thantheEmperor.no less than 與 一樣 He is no less diligent than you.4) more than 不只是，非常She

15、is more than kind to us all.一、選擇填空1. Which does Jimmy like , Chinese or Art?A. well B. best C. better D. much2. The Changjiang River is one of in the world.A. the longest riverB. longest riversC. the longest riversD. longer rivers3. The box is than I wanted.A. biger B. the biger C. bigger D. the big

16、ger4. My mooncake is nicer his.A. like B. with C. for D. than5. You are fatter than .A. heB. hisC. him D. he is tall6. He jumps of the three.A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthest7. My hair is longer than .A. my sister B. Kate C. my brother s D. Lucy s8. There are paper here .Please bring some.A.

17、 little B. less C. fewer D. a little9. The pen is than that one.A. more cheapB. cheapC. much cheaperD. quite cheaper10. Tom speaks Chinese better than Jimmy.A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much11. There are girls in Class Two than in Class Four.A. more B. nicest C. most D. best12. It s too for you to

18、 do that.A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest13.Who has apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most14 .You have more rulers than me. But are nicer than .A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your15 .Tingting is than Meimei, but Meimei is than Tingt

19、ing.A. all, strongerB. taller, strongestC. tallest, strongD. taller, stronger16 .Mother is in my family.A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy17 .There are in the park on Sunday.A. more childrenB. a lot of peopleC. much men and women D. many peoples18 .-This blue sweater is too big for me .-W

20、ill you please show me a one?A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest19 .No one is Mary in the class.A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. so tall as20 . This bike is than that one.A. twenty yuan dearB. twenty yuan dearerC. dear twenty yuanD. dearer twenty yuan二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1 .Your classroom is (wide) and (bright) than ours.2 .There are (few) hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer.3 .Which do you like (well) , Maths or Chemistry?4 .This is the (good) film I have ever seen.5 .Africa is the se