初中英語語法之形容詞副詞

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請指正。形容詞和副詞一、形容詞形容詞：用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。1、形容詞的句法作用：作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補足語。2、形容詞在句子中的位置：1)、作定語時放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一個黃色的大木輪)作表語時放在連系動詞之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(這個價格聽起來算是合理)作賓語補足語時放在賓語之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我們

2、必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)后置的情況：修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時放在代詞之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故)與表示“長、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時形容詞后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球離地38萬公里)2) 、多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序：代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞前的形容詞冠詞指示代詞不定代詞代詞所有格序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞性質(zhì)狀態(tài)大小長短形狀新舊溫度顏色國籍產(chǎn)地材料質(zhì)地名詞al

3、lbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone二、副詞1、副詞：用來說明事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。2、副詞的分類（見下表）：1時間副詞soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點副詞here, nearby, outside

4、, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, why3、 副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：（1）作狀語1.時間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、

5、just一般放在動詞的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我們明天要去參觀長城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他們?nèi)ミ^英王國兩次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)2.地點副詞：一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上萬的自行車朝

6、各個方向流動) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)3.方式副詞：一般放在行為動之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動詞之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看見了一絲亮光)4.程度

7、副詞：修飾動詞時,放在動詞之前；修飾形容詞或副詞時,放在形容詞或副詞之前。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動詞的后面；only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告訴我,我?guī)缀醢涯鞘氯? / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the fir

8、st bus.(她早早地趕到車站趕上了首班車)5.頻度副詞：一般放在be動詞之后或者助動詞與主要動詞之間,但sometimes、often等還可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有時起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人們通常在廠里吃午飯) / Take this medicine twice a day.(這種藥一天吃兩次)6.疑問副詞：用于對句子的狀語進行提問,位置總是在句首。如：W

9、hen and where were you born?(你何時何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小愛迪生為什么要坐在雞蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！)7.連接副詞：用來引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,在從句中作狀語。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎樣殺死那只貓還是個問題)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he

10、 could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事)8.關(guān)系副詞：用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作狀語。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(請告訴我你的英語是怎樣學(xué)得這么好的方法)9.其它副詞：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在動詞前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,這樣”,放在形容詞、副詞前；on/off“開/關(guān)”放在

11、動詞之后；not放在be之后、助動詞之后、不定式或動名詞之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或動詞之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里) / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(湯姆沒有計算機,我也沒有。) (2)作表語：地點副詞一般可以作表語,放在be等連系動詞之后,說明人物所處的位置。如：Im

12、very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有將近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那邊)(3)作定語：時間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點副詞都可以作名詞的定語,放在名詞的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現(xiàn)在的人們經(jīng)常在餐館里吃節(jié)日晚宴) / Women there were livin

13、g a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀(jì)20年代那兒的女人過著可怕的日子)(4)作賓語補足語：地點副詞一般可以作賓語補足語。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的臟襪子拿開！它們在散發(fā)著臭氣。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父親把他關(guān)在家里做作業(yè))注意 “動詞+副詞”的賓語如果是代詞,則該副詞應(yīng)該放在代詞之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他寫下了那個詞。)He wrote i

14、t down.(他把它寫了下來。)=形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律a. 一般的形容詞在結(jié)尾加ly變?yōu)楦痹~。例如：careful-carefullyb. 以元音加e結(jié)尾的單詞要去e在加ly。例如：true-trulyc. 輔音加y結(jié)尾的單詞去y變i在加ly。例如：angry-angrilyd. 單音節(jié)y結(jié)尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shylye. 以le結(jié)尾的單詞直接將e變?yōu)閥。例如：terrible-terriblyf. 形容詞、副詞同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。這部分請同學(xué)們注意，其中很多單詞加ly之后就變成其他意思的單詞了。例如：

15、hardly就變成“幾乎不”的意思，是小學(xué)階段五大隱形否定詞（few，little, never, seldom, hardly）之一。三、形容詞副詞的原級、比較級和最高級1、分類：形容詞和副詞有原級、比較級和最高級三級。原級變?yōu)楸容^級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。2、規(guī)則變化:(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,要雙寫最后一個輔音字母,后加er,est：c)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est：(2)兩個音節(jié)或兩個以上的音節(jié)的,在原級前加more / most.3、不規(guī)則

16、變化:原級比較級最高級good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的；最遠(yuǎn)地further進一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的用法：(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時,用原級?；揪?/p>

17、型是： 主語(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容詞/副詞原級 +. 如：He is very old now.(他現(xiàn)在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當(dāng)快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快樂) 表示兩者之間沒有差別時,使用句型： 主語(第一個人物) + 謂語動詞 + as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物 +. 如：He is as excited as his younger sis

18、ter.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多) 表示第一個人比不上第二個人時,使用句型：主語(第一個人物) + 謂語動詞(否定式) + as / so + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物+.如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒他妹妹那么興奮) / Lily did not ride he

19、r bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢) / They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)(2) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物超過第二個人物時,用比較級?；揪湫停?主語(A)+謂語動詞+(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+第二個人物(B)+. 如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(現(xiàn)代的火車比轎車快多了) / This book didn

20、t cost me more than that one.(這本書花費我的錢不比那本多) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物不及第二個人物時,用比較級。句型是：主語(A) + 謂語動詞 + less+ (多音節(jié)形/副)比較級 + than + 第二個人物(B) +. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認(rèn)為英語不比數(shù)學(xué)難)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認(rèn)為學(xué)外語不那么重要嗎？)(3)講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個時,用最高級。句型是： 主語(

21、sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 +(the) +形容詞/副詞最高級 +in / of . 如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(長江是中國最長的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三個男生中他跳得最高)5、關(guān)于比較等級的重要注釋：1、如果動詞是及物或不及物動詞,則后面用副詞；如果后面是連系動詞,則后面用形容詞。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fas

22、test of the four.(副詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中跑得最快的)2、“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越來越溫暖了)3、“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越就越”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我們栽的樹越多,情況就會越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,進步就越大)4、一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級前面可以加much/a little/

23、even/still,而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你還要些咖啡嗎？)/He did not eat any more.(他沒有再吃)5、more than / less than分別可以理解為“多于/少于”,相當(dāng)于副詞,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York

24、for more than four months.(我在紐約生活了四個多月)6、“one of the +最高級+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”整個短語為單數(shù)含義,謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一場大火中被燒毀了)7、“Which / Who+動詞+形/副,or?”句型中,如果有兩個選項,形/副用比較級,如果有三個選項,形/副用最高級。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和韓梅誰的書最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pi

25、g,a horse or an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個最重？)8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個事物的詞時,用比較級,而且往往還要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三個或三個以上事物時,用最高級。如： -Do you like the smaller one?Neither.(小一點的那個你喜歡嗎？一個都不喜歡)/ -Which do you like best? All of them!(你最喜歡哪個？全部。)【2013北京】1. Debbie is growing fast. She is eve

26、n_ than her mother. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest【2013北京】2._do you go to the cinema? Once a month. A.How long B. How far C. How often D. How much【2013成都】3. David is _ student in our class. Nobody is taller than him. A.tall B. taller C. the tallest【2013達州】4. Peter is _ than you, right?

27、Yes, but he runs_ in our class. A. heavier, fastest B. heavy, the fastest C. heavier, faster D. heavy, faster【2013遂寧】5Everyone was when they heard the news. Aexciting，exciting Bexcited，exciting Cexcitingexcited【2013營口】6. What do you think of the price of gold in the world? Nowadays it is getting muc

28、h than before. A. lowB. lowerC. lowestD. the lowest【2013營口】7. Its very important for everyone to exercise. do you exercise? Three or four times a week. A. How longB. How farC. How soonD. How often【2013衡陽】8. The days last too long. We hate them. A.fog B.foggy C.fogy【2013泰安】9.How are you today ,Mike?

29、Im now. I dont think this medicine is good for me. A. badly B. better C. well D. worse【2013淄博】10. Why does Tina look so_ today? She's won the first prize in the English contest. A. happier B. happy C. happiest D. happily【2013安順】11.He often drinks two cups of water when he comes back. A.boilingB.

30、boilC.boiledD.boils【2013莆田】12The Internet is reallyto usWe can easily find information on it Aboring Buseful Cinteresting【2013十堰】13. Many boy students think math is _ English. I agree. Im weak in English. A. much difficult thanB. so difficult as C. less difficult thanD. more difficult than 【2013日照】1

31、4. People who eat breakfast are always in _ spirits than those who dont. A. good B. nice C. better D. best【2013日照】15. Mary is so _ she comes to you whenever youre in trouble. A. usefulB. carefulC. thankfulD. helpful【2013南京】16. Lindas father hates waiting in long lines. I think hes just not very _.A.

32、 patient B. talented C. popular D. powerful【2013南京】17. Im surprised that John is only 25. I thought he was _ , for he seems to be in his thirties.A. old B. older C. young D. younger【2013漳州】18. The sun is shining . You'd better wear sunglasses while you are out. A. brightly B. lightly C. heavily【

33、2013漳州】19. Do you know Lin Shuhao? Yes. He is one of basketball players in the NBA. A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular【2013山西】20. Jack, I have to have a talk with your father today. Sorry, Mrs King. He is going on business and wont be _ until next week. A. out B. awayC. back 【2013臨沂】21.

34、When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should go to an open area as as possible. A. quicklyB. quietlyC. loudlyD. slowly【2013無錫】22. Look at the bird over there! Its so beautiful! Wow! Its a rare crane(丹頂鶴). It appears in this area. A. alwaysB. usuallyC. seldomD. often【2013蘇州23. Peter s

35、peaks Chinese well indeed, but of course not _ a local speaker in China. A. so fluently as B. more fluent than C. as fluent as D. much fluently than【2013臨沂】24. David was so excited at the good news that he could say a word. A. nearly B. hard C. everD. hardly【201杭州】25. There has never been such a bea

36、utiful village _ in the world. A. anywhere B. everywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere【2013綏化】26. How do you like the talk show? I think its _, but some people think its so_. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring【2013黃岡】27. The boy did his homework with the hel

37、p of his father in the past. But now he can do it alone. A. for himself B. on himself C. by himself D. with himself【2013黃岡】28. After nine years hard-work, finally his dream came true. A. at the end B. at the moment C. at once D. at last【2013濟寧】29. She looks much  _  without her g

38、lasses!A. well                  B. good               C. best             &

39、#160;   D. better【2013呼和浩特】30. I know you are shorter than your brothers，but you run _. B. more faster B. fastest C. more fast D. fast 【2013無錫】31. We arrived at the station too early and had to go, so we sat there and chatted with each other. A. somewhereB. anywhereC. everywhereD

40、. nowhere【2013淮安】32. My uncle doesn't like fast food, so he _ eats it. A. always B. often C. sometimes D. seldom【2013河北】33.We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so_ . A. quick B. quickly C. useful D. usefully【2013河北】34. I'm sorry I'm late. I should get here 10 minutes_. A. early

41、B. earlier C. the earlier D. the earliest【2013玉林】35. Lots of students feel sleepy in class at present, because they have to get up early in the morning. A. now B. in the future C. then D. during the time【2013寧波】36. Could you please speak a little more _? I cant follow you. A. quietly B. quickly C. l

42、oudly D. slowly【2013麗水】37. I met Lucy in the primary school and we have been close friends _. A. as usual B. again and again C. sooner or later D. ever since【2013安徽】38. Our school bus will leave at 8 oclock tomorrow. Dont be late. OK. I will be there ten minutes _. A. sooner B. slower C. faster D. e

43、arlier 【2013德州】39. I carried the bowl with both hands_, so that I wouldnt break it. A. carefully B. happily C. quickly D. carelessly 【2013德州】40._, the Internet was only used by the government. But now its widely used in every field. A. As usual B. At first C. After all D. So far【2013菏澤】41.How often

44、do you chat with your friends online? _ I'm busy with my study. A. Only one month. B. About twice a month. C. Almost every day. D. Maybe in two weeks.【2013青島】42. It is _ that Mr. Guo sailed across the world by himself _ within about 130 days A. terrified, successful B. scary, successfully C. ama

45、zing, successfully D. convincing, successful【2013福州】43. Dad. Would you please drive _? No hurry. We have enough time before the plane takes off. A. faster B. more slowly C. more carefully【2013菏澤】44. The World Health Organization has given some advice on _to protect us from being infected(感染) with H7

46、N9. A. how B. what C. where D. when【2013襄陽】45. Who ran of all in the sports meeting? Hector did, I think. A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. more fast【2013襄陽】46. Excuse me, would you please speak a little more? Sorry, I thought you could follow me. A. sadly B. quicklyC. slowly D. politely【2013泉州】47

47、. What should we do to reduce food waste? In a restaurant only order as_ as we need and try to eat it up. A. much B. more C. most 【2013賀州】 48. This movie wasnt _. He fell asleep half way through it. A. interesting enough B. enough interesting C. interested enough D. enough interested【2013賀州】 49. Don

48、t talk _. Your grandmother is sleeping now. A. loud B. hardly C. loudly D. hard【2013徐州】50. I _ watch this TV programme. It's very interesting. A. often B. never C. hardly D. seldom【2013天津】51. Be quick! The game will begin _. A. immediately B. recently C. carefully D. Luckily【2013萊蕪】52. Speak alo

49、ud, please! I can _ hear you. A. usually B. almost C. hardly D. nearly【2013哈爾濱】 53. The city of Harbin is beautiful all the year around, _ in winter. Ice lanterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists. A. especially B. generally C. probably【2013玉林】54. At times an ad can lead you to buy som

50、ething you don't need at all. So you have to be careful. A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times【2013玉林】55. The meat is _ delicious. Yes, but don't eat _. A. too much; too much B. much too; too much C. too much; much too D. much too; much too【2013玉林】56. Liu Ying is good at singin

51、g. She sings _the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as【2013玉林】57. Sally, I went to the concert last night. How big the symphony hall is! 一So it is. It is _ to hold more than one thousand people. A. big enough B. enough big C. too big D. too small【2013白銀】58. Are you the last one to go to sc