副詞性從句(經(jīng)典)

1、副詞性從句副詞性從句（狀語從句）n在復(fù)合句中起狀語作用的從句叫狀語從句。 狀語從句通常由從屬連詞或起連詞作用的詞組引導(dǎo)。每一種狀語從句都有各自的引導(dǎo)詞。 狀語從句的位置可以在主句之前，通常用逗號與主句隔開，也可以在主句之后。根據(jù)它們的含義，狀語從句可分為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等九類。n時間狀語從句時間狀語從句 ( Adverbial Clause of Time )在句中起時間狀語作用的從句叫時間狀語從句， 通常由下列幾組詞引導(dǎo)：when(ever), while, as, after, before, since引導(dǎo)的時間引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。狀語從句。When

2、I visit London, I like to travel by bus. 我參觀倫敦時，喜歡坐公共汽車旅游。Whenever we met with difficulties, they would come to our help.無論何時我們遇到困難，他們都會伸出援手。Work while you work; play while you play. 該工作時就工作，該玩時就玩。when, while和as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句a) when引導(dǎo)的從句表示的時間可以是連續(xù)的，也可以是瞬時的，而while和as引導(dǎo)的從句表示的時間一般都是連續(xù)性的。例如：I got a real shoc

3、k when I opened the box. （瞬時動作）我打開盒子時嚇了一大跳。As / When / While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car in front of the bank. （連續(xù)動作）我順著街道往前走時，發(fā)現(xiàn)有一輛警車停在銀行門前。b) when從句表示的動作可以發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前或之后，或與其同時發(fā)生，而while和as從句表示的動作一般都是與主句謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。例如：When plants died and decayed, they formed organic materials.

4、 植物死亡并腐爛后，便形成有機(jī)物。（不可用while或as）I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.我下車的時候看見了皮特。They arrived while we were having dinner.他們來的時候我們正在吃飯。c) 當(dāng)主句和從句描述的是兩個同時進(jìn)行的延續(xù)動作（時間或情況）時，都用進(jìn)行時或一般時。例如：While Jim read, Sam sang.吉姆讀書時，山姆在唱歌。He was taking a bath while I was preparing dinner.我準(zhǔn)備晚飯的時候，他在洗澡。d) as可以用來表示兩種正在發(fā)

5、展或變化的情況。例如：As he grew older, she became more pessimistic.她年齡越大，變得越悲觀。As time passed, things seemed to get worse.隨著時間的推移，事情變得越來越糟。since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 since引導(dǎo)的從句，其謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，也可以是瞬時動詞。在一般情況下，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。譯為“自從”；但在It is 時間段since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。譯為：“（自從）有多長時間了”。 例如：I have been in Beijing sin

6、ce you left. 自從你離開，我一直在北京。Where have you been since I saw you last time? 自從我上次見到你，你一直在哪里？It is six years since she graduated from the university 自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時間了。 until, till引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句兩個詞的意思相近，后者通常用于口語中。當(dāng)用于肯定句時，表示：“主句的動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到從句所表示的時間為止”，動作必須是延續(xù)性的。例如：We should continue the struggle until our

7、object is reached.我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)斗爭，直到實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。Please wait till the rain stops. 請等到雨停吧。n當(dāng)用于否定句時，表示：“直到才”。例如：People do not know the value of health until they lose it.人們直到失去健康才知道它的價值。I will not stop shouting till you let me go. 直到你讓我走，我才會停止喊叫。by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。by the time的意思為：“到時候”。當(dāng)它引起時間狀語從句時一定要注

8、意時態(tài)的變化；在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果從句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。 例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。once, each time, every time, the moment, as soon as, immediately (

9、that), no soonerthan引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 once, each time, every time的意思分別為：“一旦”、“每次，每當(dāng)”。其他的短語都表示：“一就”，“剛就”。例如：Once the drug is found to be effective, it will be produced in great quantities. 一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)這藥有效，就會大批生產(chǎn)。She was frightened each time she saw that ugly man.每次看到那個丑男人，她都很怕。 Ill contact you the moment I

10、 arrive in Shanghai. 我一到上海，就跟你聯(lián)系。n 如果把no sooner置于句首，就要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.n 注意：在以as soon as, when, after等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，或以if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 例如：Ill call you as soon as he comes back. 他一回來我就給你打電話。I believe shell succeed if she does her best. 我相信她如果

11、盡全力就會成功。地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句 ( Adverbial Clause of Place )地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。例如：I found my books where I had left them. 我在上次放書的地方找到了我的書。Make marks where you have questions. 在有問題的地方做個記號。Wherever John happens to be, he can make himself at home.無論到哪里，約翰總是毫不拘束。Wherever you find high wages, you will gen

12、erally find high prices.有高薪的地方，通常物價也很高。條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 ( Adverbial Clause of Condition )條件狀語從句是表示前提或條件的狀語從句，通常由下列幾組詞引導(dǎo)： if, unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句unless在意義上相當(dāng)于if not, 因此，if引導(dǎo)的否定句可用unless引導(dǎo)的肯定句所取代。例如：The engine will not run efficiently if the correct fuel is not used.The engine will not run efficientl

13、y unless the correct fuel is used.如果沒有使用合適的燃料，引擎就無法運(yùn)作。We will be late if we dont hurry. We will be late unless we hurry.再不快點(diǎn)，我們就晚了。provided/providing(that), as/so long as, in case, on condition that, supposing引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的條件狀語從句這些詞語的意思分別為：“在條件下”、“只要”、“萬一”、“在條件下，倘若”、“假設(shè)，假如”。例如：Provided/providing(that)

14、 he wins the support of that group, he can win the election. 只要贏得那個團(tuán)體的支持，他就能贏得大選。You can go out, as/so long as you promise to be back before eleven.你可以出去，只要你保證十一點(diǎn)之前回來。You had better take an umbrella in case it rains. 你最好帶把傘，以防下雨。He says hell accept your offer on condition that you are sincere.他說他會接受

15、你的條件，條件是你必須誠心誠意。Supposing the plane doesnt arrive on time, well have to postpone the meeting. 假如飛機(jī)沒有按時抵達(dá)，我們就得推遲會議。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句在正式語體或文學(xué)作品中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步的意義，可用as引導(dǎo)讓步從句。這時從句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，通常是把表語置于句首。如果提前的表語是名詞，則不用冠詞。例如：Rich as he is, I dont envy him.盡管他很有錢，我也不嫉妒他。Much as I should like to see you, I am afraid

16、you may find it hard to come in this hot weather. 雖然我很想見你，但恐怕你會覺得這么熱的天過來會很困難。Try as she may, she never succeeds.盡管她很努力，但是她從未成功。Child as he was, he had to help support the family.雖然他還是一個孩子，但是他得幫助維持這個家庭。wh-+ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句這類結(jié)構(gòu)的含義通常為：“不論，無論” 例如：Keep calm, whatever happens. 無論發(fā)生什么，都要保持鎮(zhèn)靜。Does Bri

17、tish foreign policy remain the same whichever party is in power? 不論哪個政黨執(zhí)政，英國的對外政策都保持不變嗎？Whoever else was responsible, it was not that man.不論是誰負(fù)責(zé)，總之不是那個人。Whenever it rains, this road is flooded. 每逢下雨，這路就被淹了。Wherever he may be, he must be found. 不論他在哪兒，都必須找到他。However hard he tried, he just could not r

18、emove the rock.不論怎么用力，他也沒法移動那塊巖石。no matter + wh-words引導(dǎo)的讓引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句步狀語從句在口語中常用“no matter + wh-”來代替“wh-+ever”。 例如：No matter what I did (=Whatever I did), no one paid any attention.無論我做什么，沒人會注意。No matter when he comes (=Whenever he comes), we will wait for him.不論他什么時候來，我們都會等他。No matter how cold it is (

19、=However cold it is), he keeps on jogging.不論天多冷，他都堅(jiān)持慢跑。原因狀語從句原因狀語從句 ( Adverbial Clause of Cause )n原因狀語從句一般由because, as, since, for，seeing that, now that, considering that等引導(dǎo)。because, since, as引導(dǎo)的原因引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句狀語從句because語氣最強(qiáng)，表示必然的因果關(guān)系，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題，整個句子的重點(diǎn)在從句上；當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用since或as (as的原

20、因語勢最弱)，整個句子的重點(diǎn)在主句上。例如：I didnt go because I was ill. 我因?yàn)樯]有去。Since/As the weather is so bad, we have to put off our trip.天氣不好，我們只能推遲旅行。for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句for是并列連詞，因此不能出現(xiàn)在句首，它后面的句子是補(bǔ)充說明前句的內(nèi)容；由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替；但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例如：He is absent today, because/for he i

21、s ill. 他今天缺席是因?yàn)樗×?。He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定是病了，因?yàn)樗裉烊毕恕t must be dawn now, for the birds are singing. 現(xiàn)在一定是黎明了，因?yàn)轼B兒在歌唱。seeing that, now that, considering that等等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。例如：Now that we all agree on this plan, lets carry it out.既然我們大家都贊成這個計(jì)劃，那就執(zhí)行這個計(jì)劃吧。Considering that he

22、 is only a beginner, he speaks English very well.考慮到他只是個初學(xué)者，他英語說得是很不錯的。目的狀語從句目的狀語從句 ( Adverbial Clause of Purpose )n表示目的狀語從句可以由so that , in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)。so that , in order that引導(dǎo)的目引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句的狀語從句在so that , in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，必須用情態(tài)動詞(如can, could, will, would, shoul

23、d, may等)。例如：You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by everyone.你必須講大聲點(diǎn)，以便所有的人都能聽見。lest, for fear that, in case引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句的目的狀語從句n在lest, for fear that, in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，這三個連詞(詞組)的意思是“以防，以免”。lest 從句一般要用虛擬語氣，形式為“should + 動詞原形”或只用動詞原形。 for fear that從句和in case從句一般用虛擬語氣，但有時也可以用陳述語氣。

24、例如：He wrote the name down for fear that (lest) he should forget it.他把名字寫下，以防忘記。Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain (rains). 帶上雨傘，以防下雨。結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause of Result)n結(jié)果狀語從句常由sothat或suchthat 引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解so和such與其后的搭配規(guī)律。such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞和副詞。so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,

25、few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。例如：They are such young boys that they cant go to school. 他們太小還不能上學(xué)。The boys are so young that they cant go to school.It is such bad weather that we have to stay indoors.天氣如此糟糕，我們只好呆在室內(nèi)。He drives so carefully that he has never had an accident.他駕駛很謹(jǐn)慎，從沒有出過車禍。He has so many f

26、riends that we all envy him.他有這么多的朋友，以至于我們都羨慕他。 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause of Manner)n方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導(dǎo).as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句nas引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如”，“就像”，多用于正式文體。 例如：Always treat others as you would like them to treat you.你希望人家怎樣待你

27、，你就要怎樣待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。Just as we sweep out our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句從句nas if, as though引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反；有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。意思是“仿佛似的”，“好像似的”。 例如：They

28、 completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they had never existed. 他們完全不理睬這些事實(shí)，好像它們不存在一樣。(與事實(shí)相反, 虛擬語氣。) He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning. 他看上去好像被是的閃電擊中了。(與事實(shí)相反, 虛擬語氣。) It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看起來天氣很快就要轉(zhuǎn)晴了。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，陳述語氣。）n說明：as if/as though也可以引導(dǎo)

29、一個分詞短語、不定式短語或動詞短語。He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. 他盯著我看，好像第一次見到我一樣。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，好像要說什么一樣。比較狀語從句比較狀語從句 ( Adverbial Clause of Comparison )n通常由than, asas, not soas, not so much as, the same as等引導(dǎo)。為了避免重復(fù)，從句中有些成分可以省略，而把相比的部分突出來，因此，這類從句多數(shù)看來都是不完整的。

30、例如：This text is a little (bit) more difficult than the other one.這篇課文比另一篇課文難一點(diǎn)。She has made far greater progress this term than she did last term.本學(xué)期他比上學(xué)期取得了較大的進(jìn)步。Nothing is as/so precious as health. 沒有什么比健康更珍貴。Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.石油的價格是幾年前的兩倍。Please send me your p

31、hotos as soon as possible.請盡快把你的照片寄給我。Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.實(shí)際上，他越忙，就越感到高興。n歷年同類考題歷年同類考題 1. Please note that I will be away from Boston next week, _ you want call me and discuss things. (2008. 6) A. in case B. unless C. until D. so that2. Ill ask Mr. Smith to ring you up _

32、 he comes back to the office. (2007. 12)A. when B. where C. because D. although3. Young _ he is, he has proved to be an able salesman. (2007. 12)A. that B. who C. as D. which4. She didnt go to the party last night, _ she had to finish her term paper. (2007. 6)A. if B. though C. till D. because 5. Th

33、e policeman saw the thief _ he appeared on the street corner.(2006. 12)A. not until B. as long as C. the moment D. only if6. You cant get a drivers license _ you are at least sixteen years old. (2006. 6) A. if B. unless C. when D. though7. _ you have any questions or needs, please contact the manager after 5:00 p.m. (2005. 12) A. Becau